A Produção da Cidade de Maringá-PR (Brasil) como um Polo Terciário: Rompendo Fronteiras

A geografia do comércio e do consumo é um tema relevante nos estudos desta ciência. Contudo, a pesar de sua importância, ainda demanda por pesquisas que demonstrem sua influência na produção espacial. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho apresenta a cidade de Maringá, localizada no estado do Paraná-Brasil, a qual se comporta como um polo do setor terciário, produzido por estratégias capitalistas e estatais, para fornecer bens e serviços para a população de sua área de influência. O presente estudo utilizou-se de referências bibliográficas e de dados de pesquisas realizadas para legitimar esta questão. Assim, denota-se que esta cidade se apresenta, desde sua gênese até a atualidade, com relativa importância regional, avançando sob constantes fronteiras e demonstrando dinamicidade no período mais contemporâneo, acompanhando as inovação e demandas da economia contemporânea, principalmente no que tange à produção de novos espaços de consumo

Enfermagem em saúde mental: a assistência em um cenário de mudanças

The aim was to identify in the scientific literature the nursing care in mental health in the Brazilian context, given the challenges imposed by the Psychiatric Reform. It is an integrative literature review. The data collection used descriptors relevant to the theme and was carried out through the internet, in the MEDLINE, LILACS and BDENF databases. The sample consisted of 19 articles, divided into thematic axes related to the performance of the nursing professional in care and its challenges, and the implications of the Psychiatric Reform in this process. The practice of professionals can be seen in the Brazilian context, in general hospitals and in primary care, and in the mental health devices. Psychiatric Reform is a guiding principle for more comprehensive and humanized care. Challenges in assistance were also perceived, such as physical and mental strain on the professional, as well as devaluation of knowledge. The productions approached a nursing active in the most diverse fields of mental health, being guided by the Psychiatric Reform and focusing on the patient, however there are still many challenges and advances inherent to the profession in this context. To this end, greater recognition of their actions and qualities is necessary, in addition to measures focusing on the promotion of their biopsychosocial health.Objetivou-se identificar na literatura científica a assistência de enfermagem em saúde mental no contexto brasileiro, perante os desafios impostos pela Reforma Psiquiátrica. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. O levantamento de dados utilizou descritores pertinentes ao tema e foi realizado por meio da internet, nas bases MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF. A amostra foi de 19 artigos, divididos em eixos temáticos relativos à atuação do profissional de enfermagem na assistência e seus desafios, e as implicações da Reforma Psiquiátrica neste processo. A prática dos profissionais pode ser percebida no contexto brasileiro, nos hospitais gerais e na atenção básica, e nos dispositivos próprios da saúde mental. A Reforma Psiquiátrica apresenta-se como eixo norteador para um cuidado mais integral e humanizado. Perceberam-se ainda desafios na assistência como desgaste físico e mental ao profissional, bem como desvalorização dos conhecimentos. As produções abordaram uma enfermagem atuante nos mais diversos campos da saúde mental, sendo norteada pela Reforma Psiquiátrica e com enfoque no paciente, porém ainda há muitos desafios e avanços inerentes a profissão neste contexto. Para tal, faz-se necessário maior reconhecimento de suas ações e qualidades, além de medidas com enfoque a promoção de sua saúde biopsicossocial

Acute Auditory Stimulation with Different Styles of Music Influences Cardiac Autonomic Regulation in Men

Background: No clear evidence is available in the literature regarding the acute effect of different styles of music on cardiac autonomic control. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of classical baroque and heavy metal musical auditory stimulation on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in healthy men. Patients and Methods: In this study, HRV was analyzed regarding time (SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, and pNN50) and frequency domain (LF, HF, and LF / HF) in 12 healthy men. HRV was recorded at seated rest for 10 minutes. Subsequently, the participants were exposed to classical baroque or heavy metal music for five minutes through an earphone at seated rest. After exposure to the first song, they remained at rest for five minutes and they were again exposed to classical baroque or heavy metal music. The music sequence was random for each individual. Standard statistical methods were used for calculation of means and standard deviations. Besides, ANOVA and Friedman test were used for parametric and non-parametric distributions, respectively. Results: While listening to heavy metal music, SDNN was reduced compared to the baseline (P = 0.023). In addition, the LF index (ms2 and nu) was reduced during exposure to both heavy metal and classical baroque musical auditory stimulation compared to the control condition (P = 0.010 and P = 0.048, respectively). However, the HF index (ms2) was reduced only during auditory stimulation with music heavy metal (P = 0.01). The LF/HF ratio on the other hand decreased during auditory stimulation with classical baroque music (P = 0.019). Conclusions: Acute auditory stimulation with the selected heavy metal musical auditory stimulation decreased the sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation on the heart, while exposure to a selected classical baroque music reduced sympathetic regulation on the heart

Répteis da Ilha de Santa Catarina

Guia fotográficoNeste guia fotográfico apresentamos as 43 espécies de lagartos, serpentes, anfisbaenias e tarturugas registradas na Ilha de Santa Catarina, região insular do município de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Além do nome cientifico, incluimos o nome popular, status de conservação e para as serpentes, destacamos aquelas que podem oferecer riscos de acidente.FAPES

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio