Methodological and theoretical advancements in social impacts of tourism research

This lead article introduces the double special issue dedicated to methodological and theoretical advancements in social impacts of tourism research. We begin by providing an overview of five key developmental stages of research within this area: Definitions, typologies, and conceptual model development; the advent of case study-based, atheoretical empirical inquiry; scale design, development, and testing; further scale development/refinement and theoretical application; and theoretical model development and testing. Brief evolutionary histories of the methodological and theoretical advancements of research dedicated to social impacts of tourism are then discussed. This includes a review of the most pertinent predictor variables (along with a visual display of each and key studies) in explaining residents’ perceptions of social impacts of tourism and a thorough review of most frequently used theoretical frameworks. Following this, brief synopses of the articles are provided along with key themes (e.g. resident-tourist relationships, social impacts and residents’ attitudes, residents’ empowerment, overtourism, and methodologies) and salient points of each work. In closing, we suggest numerous lines of inquiry that will continue to advance research into social impacts of tourism. Though these studies were undertaken prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, we emphasize that future work should be designed with the pandemic in mind.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

An analysis of regional economic vulnerability through the lens of tourism dependence: The case of Spain.

The main aim of this piece of work is to provide evidence of the existence of regions in Spain in which the excessive dependence on tourism is conditioning their long-term economic development possibilities, placing their economies in a position of economic vulnerability. To our knowledge, this will be the first attempt to analyse the relationship between dependence on tourism and economic vulnerability in Spain. Previously, Watson and Deller (2022) studied how dependency on tourism influences regional economic resiliency using US county-level data. Thus, in this study, attention will be paid to the relationship between economic dependence on tourism and economic vulnerability in Spanish tourist regions in the two most recent periods of recession: the ‘Great Recession’ of 2008 and the initial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. With this aim, we will first conceptualise and measure regional economic vulnerability/resilience following the works of Briguglio et al. (2009) and Ringwood et al. (2019). Then an index of regional dependence on tourism will be developed in order to have a single tourism dependence indicator to be associated with differences in vulnerability/resilience regional scores previously calculated. In this regard, particular attention will be paid to the influence of differences in the portfolio of visitors on the levels of resilience of regional economies.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Introduction to the handbook on the tourist experience: Design, marketing and management

This chapter introduces the Handbook on the Tourist Experience: Design, Marketing and Management. In so doing, it reflects on the experiential approach to tourism and the rationale of designing, marketing and managing tourism experiences. The chapter introduces concepts, elaborates around the current concern in tourism research and practice of adopting a responsible managerial approach to tourist experiences, and synthesises the compilation of chapters presented in the handbook.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sustainable tourism development in Cape Verde Islands: antecedents and consequences

Tese de doutoramento, Turismo, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Algarve, 2017Research on resident attitudes and support for tourism development and sustainability and tourists’ satisfaction and destination loyalty formation are among the most well-researched and important topics within tourism research literature. This study sought to contribute to these fields of research in three specific ways. First, this study developed and validated a maximum parsimonious version of sustainable tourism attitude scale (SUS-TAS) through the first- and second-orders confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), confirming that SUS-TAS can be loaded in two broader dimensions named ‘perceived tourism impacts’ and ‘expected tourism sustainability’. Also, it was found that these two SUS-TAS dimensions resulted from the second-order factor model predict ‘residents’ support for sustainable tourism development’. The study concluded that the maximum parsimonious version of SUS-TAS can be both interpreted by seven individuals factors and/or as a global factor as indicated by the hierarchical measurement model and predictive validity. The second contribution of the study starts from taking the previously economic (i.e. the state of the local economy and perceived personal economic benefits from tourism) and non-economic (i.e. residents welcoming tourists) scales and integrates them as predictors of attitudes to the impacts and pro-tourism development behaviour. The results found that all the three independent variables (e.g. the state of the local economy, perceived personal economic benefits and residents welcoming tourists) had significant relationships with the attitudes to the positive and negative impacts of tourism. Similarly, the residents’ positive and negative attitudes towards tourism were found to influence pro-tourism development behaviour. Likewise, the state of the local economy and residents’ perceived personal economic benefits from tourism were the only constructs that directly influence residents’ pro-tourism development behaviour while the relationship between residents degree of welcoming tourists and residents’ pro-tourism behaviour was mediated by residents’ positive attitudes to tourism only. For the both above mentioned studies, the data collection was carried out in the islands of Boa Vista and Sal in Cape Verde. A questionnaire was applied to 418 residents in these two islands and the quota sampling approach was used with the sample distributed in proportion to the population’s distribution in these two islands, by gender and age group.Lastly, whether tourists perceive that residents foster positive attitude and pro-tourism behaviour among them this same perception may contribute to enhance their own satisfaction and loyalty formation. Therefore, this part of the study proposes a theoretical model integrating two lines of tourism research: emotional solidarity and destination loyalty. In order to test the proposed model, 464 surveys of international tourists were conducted in two international airports on the islands of Boa Vista and Sal. Tourists were intercepted in the international departure hall before leaving Cape Verde, following their check-in procedures with each airline. Structural equation modeling and moderated mediation analysis were implemented to assess the relationships involving visitors’ emotional solidarity with residents, satisfaction and destination loyalty. The three dimensions of emotional solidarity were considered in the study: feeling welcomed, sympathetic understanding and emotional closeness. Results indicated that visitors’ feeling welcomed and sympathetic understanding directly influence loyalty. In particular, the relationships involving visitors’ feeling welcomed by residents, emotional closeness with residents and sympathetic understanding with residents and loyalty were all mediated by satisfaction. Additionally, gender was found to moderate the conditional indirect effects of emotional closeness and feeling welcomed on loyalty (via satisfaction). Such relationships were stronger among male visitors. Overall, on one hand, this study confirms the premise that residents with pro-tourism attitudes can develop pro-tourism development behaviour; and on the other hand, when residents act as welcoming hosts and interact with tourists in a good manner the context is seen as favourable to increase tourists’ satisfaction and loyalty formation.Estudos sobre as atitudes dos residentes e o apoio face ao desenvolvimento do turismo e a sua sustentabilidade e a satisfação e a lealdade dos turistas em relação aos destinos turísticos, estão entre as áreas mais importantes e bem estudadas na investigação em turismo. Apesar disso, esta tese pretende contribuir para o avanço destas áreas de investigação de três formas distintas. Em primeiro lugar, este estudo desenvolveu e validou uma versão parcimoniosa da sustainable tourism attitude scale (SUS-TAS) através da Analise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) de primeira e segunda ordens, confirmando que o SUS-TAS pode ser analisado tanto em separado ou em duas dimensões mais amplas, designadas “Perceived Tourism Impacts" e “Expected tourism sustainability”. Posteriormente, verificou-se que estas duas dimensões do SUS-TAS, resultado da AFC de segunda-ordem, previram o apoio dos residentes face ao desenvolvimento do turismo sustentável. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a versão parcimoniosa do SUS-TAS pode ser interpretada através dos seus sete fatores de forma individual e/ou através de fatores mais globais constituídos por duas dimensões, tal como indicado pelo modelo hierárquico proposto e de validade preditiva. A segunda contribuição desta tese, baseada no estudo 2, relaciona as variáveis económicas (i.e., o estado da economia local e a perceção dos benefícios pessoais do turismo) e não económicas (i.e. boas-vindas aos turistas) e integra-as como variáveis independentes das atitudes face ao turismo e o comportamento pró-turismo. Os resultados revelaram que as três variáveis independentes (the state of the local economy, perceived personal economic benefits and residents welcoming tourists) têm uma relação significativa com as atitudes positivas e negativas face aos impactos do turismo. Além disso, as atitudes positivas e negativas dos residentes face aos impactos do turismo revelaram-se ser determinantes do comportamento pró-desenvolvimento do turismo em Cabo Verde. Da mesma forma, “the state of the local economy” e “perceived personal economic benefits” foram os únicos constructos que influenciaram diretamente o comportamento pró-desenvolvimento do turismo, enquanto a relação entre residentes welcoming tourists e comportamento pró-turismo é mediada apenas pela atitude face aos impactos positivos do turismo. Para a realização deste estudo, os dados foram recolhidos nas ilhas da Boa Vista e do Sal em Cabo Verde. Um total de 418 questionários válidos foram aplicados aos residentes nestas duas ilhas usando a amostragem por quotas, distribuída em proporção da população nestas duas ilhas, por género e faixa etária. Por último, há uma premissa que nos destinos onde os residentes mostram uma atitude pró-turismo e apoiam o seu desenvolvimento, isso pode contribuir para aumentar a formação da satisfação e fidelização dos turistas. Assim sendo, este estudo propõe um modelo teórico que integra duas linhas de investigação em turismo: a solidariedade emocional e lealdade ao destino. A fim de testar o modelo proposto, 464 questionários válidos foram recolhidos em dois aeroportos nas ilhas de Boa Vista e Sal aos turistas internacionais que visitaram Cabo Verde. Os turistas foram contactados na sala de embarque antes de deixar Cabo Verde, depois de cumprirem os seus procedimentos de check-in. O modelo de equações estruturais e análise de mediação moderada foram implementados para avaliar as relações que envolvem a solidariedade emocional dos turistas para com os residentes locais, a satisfação e lealdade ao destino. Os três fatores da solidariedade emocional foram considerados no estudo: feeling welcomed, emotional closeness e sympathetic understanding. Os resultados indicaram que o feeling welcomed e sympathetic understanding influenciam diretamente a lealdade ao destino. Em particular, as relações que envolvem feeling welcomed pelos residentes, emotional closeness com os residentes e sympathetic understanding com os residentes e lealdade foram todas mediadas pela satisfação. Além disso, os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a variável género modera os efeitos condicionais indiretos de feeling welcomed e emotional closeness (via satisfação) na lealdade ao destino. Essas relações foram mais fortes entre os turistas do sexo masculino

Psychological determinants of tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: the influence of perceived overcrowding and overtourism

This study develops and tests an integrative model of destination loyalty to tourist hotspot destinations. The study highlights the role of perceived destination adaptation and psychological reactive behaviors in determining tourist satisfaction and loyalty. The model was tested using data collected from 582 respondents who had recently visited one of the "overcrowded" Mediterranean coastal tourism destinations. Findings suggest that perceived destination adaptation negatively influences tourist satisfaction and positively influences reactive behaviors of approach, avoidance, and tolerance. Approach and avoidance behaviors predict assessed crowding levels and tourist satisfaction. Tourists' tolerance levels on assessed crowding was insignificant. Assessed crowding levels negatively affect tourist satisfaction and intentions to revisit and recommend the destination while positively influencing objections to revisit and recommend the destination. Concomitantly, overtourism awareness moderated the effect of assessed crowding levels on tourist satisfaction and intentions to revisit and recommend the destination. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Recontextualising the determinants of external CSR in the services industry: A cross-cultural study

Although the relationship between institutional pressures and corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been well studied, its underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions are not well understood. To remedy these gaps, we draw on institutional theory and the literature on organisational sensemaking, stakeholder salience and the resource-based view of the firm. We test our conceptual model using survey data from 442 managers of hospitality and tourism enterprises based in Egypt and the United Kingdom. SEM-based results show that both stakeholder issue salience and discretionary slack mediate the link between institutional pressures and external CSR. National culture moderates the effects of institutional pressures on both stakeholder issue salience and external CSR. Multi-group analyses reveal noticeable differences between Egyptian and British managers regarding their interpretations of CSR issues and the institutional environment. This study contributes to the emerging micro-institutional stream and cross-cultural CSR research, providing important insights for managers, policymakers and researchers.Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research MM27/19info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

All-inclusive tourism in Dominican Republic. An analysis from the perspective of the tourist demand

All Inclusive System has become a predominant service in sun and beach destinations. In Dominican Republic it is set as the main tourist attraction. The purpose of this research is to analyze the ratings of "all inclusive" international tourists that reach the tourist resort of Puerto Plata. This research is based on the responses obtained from of a questionnaire completed by foreign visitors. The main results show that tourists are a medium-high economic profile highlighting those visitors who choose this destination online. The beaches and ease of entry are the most highly valued

Comparative Analysis from the Perspective of Tourists in the All-Inclusive System in Cancun, Mexico, and Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic

The all-inclusive system has been highly developed in different countries of the Caribbean. This paper shows a comparative analysis of two established destinations such as Cancun and Puerto Plata in order to know the sociodemographic profile and valuation of the all-inclusive system of tourists visiting these areas. The main results show the high degree of satisfaction with the trip because of the convenience that this system gives clients and the knowledge of the spending budget prior to the travel. An aspect to improve stands out as the need to strengthen the interaction between the local community and travellers

The effects of message framing in CSR advertising on consumers’ emotions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions

While recent research on sustainability communication demonstrates the relevance of message framing, research on the effects of message framing on consumers' emotions is scant. Using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (5-0-R) framework, this paper examines the impact of environmental advertisements (stimuli) on two discrete emotions - hope and guilt - (organism) and how these emotions influence consumers' behavioral intentions (responses). Relying on the prospect theory, this study focuses on positive (gain) and negative (loss) frames. Study 1 shows that, in the context of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), a gain message elicits hope while a loss-message triggers guilt. Study 2 shows that both emotions positively influence consumers' attitudes toward the cause; however, only hope affects attitude toward the company. Attitudes toward the cause and the company, in turn, influence consumers' behavioral intentions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

How environmental gain messages affect cause involvement, attitude and behavioural intentions: the moderating effects of CSR scepticism and biospheric values

Purpose - This study examines the direct effect of outcome message frames (gain vs loss) on cause involvement and the moderating roles of consumers' corporate social responsibility (CSR) scepticism and biospheric values. Furthermore, the authors analyse (1) the effects of gain-framed messages on consumer attitudes towards an environmental cause (i.e. the use of reusable coffee cups) and towards the company promoting the cause (a coffee shop chain); (2) how consumer attitudes towards the cause affect their attitudes towards the company; and (3) how consumer attitudes towards both the cause and the company affect their behavioural intentions towards both the cause and the company. Design/methodology/approach - Using a 2 × 1 scenario-based, experimental design with a gain vs loss stimuli, Study 1 (n = 466) examines the moderating effects of CSR scepticism and biospheric values on the relationship between message framing and consumer cause involvement. Using gain-framed stimuli, Study 2 (n = 958) analyses the effects of cause involvement variations on attitudes and behaviours, through structural equation modelling. Findings - Gain-framed messages are more effective than loss-framed messages at increasing cause involvement in consumers. Both CSR scepticism and biospheric values moderate the relationship between gain-framed messages and cause involvement. Cause involvement enhances consumer attitudes towards both the cause and the company promoting it, while company attitudes towards a cause positively influence consumers' behavioural intentions. Originality/value - This study recommends that environmental CSR advertising managers should use gain-framed messages to positively influence consumer cause involvement