Effects of Abnormal Oral Reflexes on Speech Articulation in Persian Speaking Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

How to Cite This Article: Dadgar H, HadianMR, Lira OA. Effects of Abnormal Oral Reflexes on Speech Articulation in Persian Speaking Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Iran J Child Neurol. Summer 2016; 10(3):28-34.AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the presence of abnormal oral reflexes and speech sound production in children with severe cerebral palsy.Materials&Methods Seven oral reflexes such as, rooting, mouth-opening, biting, chewing, lip, tongue, and suckling were examined in 52Persian-speaking monolingual children with spastic cerebral palsy (ages 5-10 yr).Phonetic information tests were administered to investigate their ability for articulation of the speech sounds.ResultsA significant relationship between three (i.e. the chewing, lip, and biting reflexes) out of the seven abnormal oral reflexes and the speech articulation was noticed. The presence of the chewing reflex was associated with deficits in production of /s, z, š,č/ sounds. The lip reflex was associated with deficits in the production of /p, m, r, j, f, č/ sounds. The biting reflex was associated with deficits in the production of /z, l, y and š/ sounds. No significant relationship was found between the rooting, mouth-opening, tongue, and suckling reflexes and sound articulation.ConclusionThe presence of abnormal reflexes in the children with spastic cerebral palsy would suggest a correlation between these reflexes and sound articulation in Iranian children with spastic cerebral palsy. Hence, these observations might suggest some disturbances in normal speech development. References Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) Collaborative Group. Surveillance of cerebral palsy in Europe: a collaboration of cerebral palsy surveys and registers. Dev Med Child Neurol 2000; 42:816–24.Karen W Krigger. Cerebral Palsy: An Overview. 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ANALISIS PENGARUH KECEPATAN DAN VOLUME KENDARAAN TERHADAP EMISI DAN KONSENTRASI KARBON MONOKSIDA DI JALAN JENDERAL SUDIRMAN, KOTA PEKANBARU

Jumlah penduduk yang semakin meningkat mempengaruhi mobilitas masyarakat yang berdampak pada meningkatnya volume kendaraan dan kemacetan. Kemacetan akan bisa menyebabkan menurunnya kualitas udara diperkotaan, terutama gas CO yang berasal dari gas buang kendaraan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jalan Jenderal Sudirman yang memiliki kepadatan kendaraan tertinggi di Kota Pekanbaru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis emisi dan konsentrasi CO yang dipengaruhi kecepatan dan volume kendaraan  yang berbeda. Metode yang digunakan yaitu menghitung kecepatan dan volume kendaraan, mengukur konsentrasi CO di lapangan, menghitung emisi CO, dan menganalisis besarnya pengaruh kecepatan dan volume kendaraan terhadap konsentrasi dan emisi CO. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada dua titik di jalan Jendral Sudirman Kota Pekanbaru yang dibedakan berdasarkan kecepatan rata-ratanya. Data yang diperoleh diuji menggunakan analisis linier berganda menggunakan software SPSS. Hasil dari penelitian memperlihatkan adanya hubungan yang selaras antara jumlah kendaraan, kecepatan kendaraan, dan emisi CO, dimana semakin banyak jumlah kendaraan pada suatu titik maka kecepatan kendaraan akan semakin rendah sehingga emisi CO yang dihasilkan lebih besar. Sebaliknya untuk konsentrasi CO, jumlah dan kecepatan kendaraan tidak selalu berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi CO.  Hal ini dikarenakan konsentrasi CO terdispersi di udara yang disebabkan oleh faktor lain seperti kecepatan angin dan suhu

Fire behaviour of reinforced concrete slab strips strengthened with prestressed NSM-CFRP laminates

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are now widely used to strengthen reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Among the strengthening systems available, near-surface mounted (NSM)-prestressed CFRP laminates offer several advantages, as they significantly increase the load carrying capacity and also the serviceability performance of RC structures. However, as for other CFRP systems, there is a concern about their behaviour at elevated temperature and under fire exposure due to the glass transition process undergone by their polymeric components. Nevertheless, the fire performance of NSM-prestressed-CFRP strengthening systems has not yet been investigated. This paper presents an experimental study about the fire resistance behaviour of RC slab strips strengthened with prestressed NSM-CFRP laminates; the slabs were simultaneously subjected to a mechanical (fire) load and the ISO 834 fire curve, and the influence of the following parameters on their fire resistance behaviour was assessed: (i) the prestress level (0 %, 25 % and 50 % of the CFRP tensile strength), and (ii) the presence of passive fire protection, comprising up to 48 mm thick calcium silicate (CS) boards. The results obtained showed that: (i) without fire protection, the strengthening system remained effective during a very low period of fire exposure, which significantly decreased with the prestress level, from 16 min (0 %) to less than 5 min (50 %); (ii) with fire protection, even with 50 % of prestress, the strengthening system remained effective for more than 120 min; and (iii) the “critical” temperatures in the anchorages of the strengthening systems were found to be about 2.5Tg, 2.0Tg and 1.5Tg, for the prestress levels of 0 %, 25 % and 50 %, respectively, with Tg being the glass transition temperature of the adhesive.The authors wish to acknowledge FCT (project FireComposite PTDC/ECM-EST/1882/2014 and CERIS project UIDB UIDB/04625/2020); Secil and Unibet˜ao for supplying the concrete; and S&P Clever Reinforcement for supplying the CFRP laminates and the epoxy adhesive. The first author also wishes to thank the financial support of FCT through the scholarship SFRH/BD/145256/2019

Cianobacterias presentes en aguas termales, una alternativa para el desarrollo sustentable del campo chihuahuense

Las cianobacterias comprenden un gran y diverso grupo de microorganismos procariotas cuyo origen se remonta hace 3.5 millones de años. Son las principales productoras del oxígeno de nuestro planeta, forman la base de las redes tróficas, tienen una amplia distribución en cualquier tipo de ecosistema terrestre o acuático, entre ellos los ambientes con altas temperaturas y son fuente de una amplia gama de productos de alto valor agregado, los cuales han despertado el interés dentro del campo de la biotecnología actual, de tal manera que se han desarrollado aplicaciones en muchas áreas, siendo la agricultura una de las más importantes. Con base a lo anterior, se estableció como objetivo de este avance de investigación, la exploración de las aguas termales del brote de San Diego de Alcalá, Aldama, Chihuahua, en búsqueda de cianobacterias con potencial uso biotecnológico en el campo chihuahuense. Los resultados evidenciaron la presencia de cianobacterias que pueden ser empleadas en el desarrollo de aplicaciones biotecnológicas, lo cual representa una alternativa viable para el desarrollo del campo chihuahuense

La sostenibilidad del endeudamiento público en Ecuador: Una visión de mediano plazo

The sustainability of public finances and public debt is a matter of debate for the Ecuadorian case, for this the research focuses on three different models in order to evaluate medium-term sustainability: i) model of primary result that stabilizes debt at the value established in the legal framework and, the gap with the observed, ii) analysis of fiscal policy from a viewpoint of weakly sustainable or strongly sustainable during the 2008-2020 period and, iii) the convergence of public debt in the medium and long term in accordance with the provisions of the law. Among the main results obtained, the need for a framework for the consolidation of fiscal accounts is observed, in a gradual way that does not generate effects on other macro-fiscal variables such as economic growth and employment.La sostenibilidad de las finanzas públicas y del endeudamiento público es un tema de debate para el caso ecuatoriano. La presente investigación se centra en tres modelos diferentes con la finalidad de evaluar la sostenibilidad de mediano plazo: i) modelo de resultado primario que estabiliza la deuda en el valor establecido en el marco legal y, la brecha con el observado, ii) análisis de la política fiscal desde una visión de débilmente sostenible o fuertemente sostenible durante el período 2008-2020 y, iii) la convergencia de la deuda pública en el mediano y largo plazo conforme a lo establecido en la ley. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos se observa la necesidad de un marco de consolidación de las cuentas fiscales, de forma gradual que no genere en gran medida efectos sobre otras variables macrofiscales como crecimiento económico y empleo

Electronic Structure of the BaFe2_2As2_2 Family of Iron Pnictides

We use high resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to study the band structure and Fermi surface topology of the BaFe$_2$As$_2$ iron pnictides. We observe two electron bands and two hole bands near the X-point, $(\pi,\pi)$ of the Brillouin zone, in the paramagnetic state for different doping levels, including electron-doped Ba(Co$_{0.06}$Fe$_{0.94}$)$_2$As$_2$, undoped BaFe$_2$As$_2$, and hole-doped Ba$_{0.6}$K$_{0.4}$Fe$_2$As$_2$. Among these four bands, only the electron bands cross the Fermi level, forming two electron pockets around X, while the hole bands approach but never reach the Fermi level. We show that the band structure of the BaFe$_2$As$_2$ family matches reasonably well with the prediction of LDA calculations after a momentum-dependent shift and renormalization. Our finding resolves a number of inconsistencies regarding the electronic structure of pnictides.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

PoPu-Data: a multilayered, simultaneously collected lying position dataset

This study presents a dataset containing three layers of data that are useful for body position classification and all uses related to it. The PoPu dataset contains simultaneously collected data from two different sensor sheets—one placed over and one placed under a mattress; furthermore, a segmentation data layer was added where different body parts are identified using the pressure data from the sensors over the mattress. The data included were gathered from 60 healthy volunteers distributed among the different gathered characteristics: namely sex, weight, and height. This dataset can be used for position classification, assessing the viability of sensors placed under a mattress, and in applications regarding bedded or lying people or sleep related disorders.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hydrogen bond rotations as a uniform structural tool for analyzing protein architecture

Proteins fold into three-dimensional structures, which determine their diverse functions. The conformation of the backbone of each structure is locally at each Cα effectively described by conformational angles resulting in Ramachandran plots. These, however, do not describe the conformations around hydrogen bonds, which can be non-local along the backbone and are of major importance for protein structure. Here, we introduce the spatial rotation between hydrogen bonded peptide planes as a new descriptor for protein structure locally around a hydrogen bond. Strikingly, this rotational descriptor sampled over high-quality structures from the protein data base (PDB) concentrates into 30 localized clusters, some of which correlate to the common secondary structures and others to more special motifs, yet generally providing a unifying systematic classification of local structure around protein hydrogen bonds. It further provides a uniform vocabulary for comparison of protein structure near hydrogen bonds even between bonds in different proteins without alignment

Formación, desarrollo y caracterización fenotípica de los caracteres productivos y reproductivos del hato Romosinuano del banco de germoplasma de Colombia

La formación y documentación del hato para la conservación del banco de germoplasma de la raza bovina criolla Romosinuano se inició en 1936; actualmente se cuenta con ocho familias y 502 ejemplares que permanecen en custodia en el Centro de Investigación Turipaná de Corpoica, Cereté, Colombia. Los datos registrados han sido digitados, ordenados, clasificados y analizados; lo cual permitió determinar el origen de los 270 animales que conformaron el hato inicial, procedentes de 11 hatos de las fincas: El Torno (43%), La Granja (16%), El Recreo (14%), Los Pinos (10%) y el 17% restante de La Vorágine, Colombia, Marta Magdalena y El Chorrillo. Aplicando el método de los cuadrados mínimos y el procedimiento de modelos lineales generalizados (generalized linear model GLM) (SAS,1995), se obtuvo la caracterización fenotípica de los pesos de animales en diferentes edades y etapas de producción: edad de la vaca al primer parto e intervalo entre partos; peso del ternero al nacer, al destete, a los 16 meses ajustados; peso de la vaca al primer parto, al parto y al destete del ternero; obtenido de 12673, 6543, 4363, 620, 7178 y 2847 registros, con valores de: 29,5±3,5, 163±35, 230±45, 393±51, 444±64 y 447±60 kg, respectivamente; la edad ajustada al destete y al primer parto, obtenidas a partir de 6572 y 2064 registros fueron 256±23 y 1133±200 días, respectivamente; el intervalo entre partos a partir de 9435 registros fue de 422±131 días. La eficiencia reproductiva de 86,3% confirma la adaptación de la raza en el valle del Sinú, Colombia.      La formación y documentación del hato para la conservación del banco de germoplasma de la raza bovina criolla Romosinuano se inició en 1936; actualmente se cuenta con ocho familias y 502 ejemplares que permanecen en custodia en el Centro de Investigación Turipaná de Corpoica, Cereté, Colombia. Los datos registrados han sido digitados, ordenados, clasificados y analizados; lo cual permitió determinar el origen de los 270 animales que conformaron el hato inicial, procedentes de 11 hatos de las fincas: El Torno (43%), La Granja (16%), El Recreo (14%), Los Pinos (10%) y el 17% restante de La Vorágine, Colombia, Marta Magdalena y El Chorrillo. Aplicando el método de los cuadrados mínimos y el procedimiento de modelos lineales generalizados (generalized linear model GLM) (SAS,1995), se obtuvo la caracterización fenotípica de los pesos de animales en diferentes edades y etapas de producción: edad de la vaca al primer parto e intervalo entre partos; peso del ternero al nacer, al destete, a los 16 meses ajustados; peso de la vaca al primer parto, al parto y al destete del ternero; obtenido de 12673, 6543, 4363, 620, 7178 y 2847 registros, con valores de: 29,5±3,5, 163±35, 230±45, 393±51, 444±64 y 447±60 kg, respectivamente; la edad ajustada al destete y al primer parto, obtenidas a partir de 6572 y 2064 registros fueron 256±23 y 1133±200 días, respectivamente; el intervalo entre partos a partir de 9435 registros fue de 422±131 días. La eficiencia reproductiva de 86,3% confirma la adaptación de la raza en el valle del Sinú, Colombia.   &nbsp

Microvascular ischemia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:new insights from high-resolution combined quantification of perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement

BACKGROUND: Microvascular ischemia is one of the hallmarks of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and has been associated with poor outcome. However, myocardial fibrosis, seen on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) as late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), can be responsible for rest perfusion defects in up to 30 % of patients with HCM, potentially leading to an overestimation of the ischemic burden. We investigated the effect of left ventricle (LV) scar on the total LV ischemic burden using novel high-resolution perfusion analysis techniques in conjunction with LGE quantification. METHODS: 30 patients with HCM and unobstructed epicardial coronary arteries underwent CMR with Fermi constrained quantitative perfusion analysis on segmental and high-resolution data. The latter were corrected for the presence of fibrosis on a pixel-by-pixel basis. RESULTS: High-resolution quantification proved more sensitive for the detection of microvascular ischemia in comparison to segmental analysis. Areas of LGE were associated with significant reduction of myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) leading to an overestimation of the total ischemic burden on non-corrected perfusion maps. Using a threshold MPR of 1.5, the presence of LGE caused an overestimation of the ischemic burden of 28 %. The ischemic burden was more severe in patients with fibrosis, also after correction of the perfusion maps, in keeping with more severe disease in this subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: LGE is an important confounder in the assessment of the ischemic burden in patients with HCM. High-resolution quantitative analysis with LGE correction enables the independent evaluation of microvascular ischemia and fibrosis and should be used when evaluating patients with HCM