Kaolin und Löschkalk gegen Drosophila suzukii in Kirschhalb- und Hochstammbäumen

Der Druck durch D. suzukii auf die Kirschhalb- und Hochstammbäume war wegen der anhaltenden Trockenheit während der gesamten Versuchsperiode tief. In den Monitoringfallen in den Kirschbäumen wurden aber stets Kirschessigfliegen gefangen. In den Kirschen der unbehandelten Kontrolle hatte es eine signifikant höhere Eiablage als in den mit Kaolin behandelten Kirschen, nicht aber als in den mit Löschkalk behandelten Kirschen. Auf einem der beiden mit Löschkalk behandelten Betriebe wirkte Löschkalk aber dennoch reduzierend auf die Eiablage. Viele Einstichstellen hatten verkorkte Ränder und die Früchte zeigten keinen Verfall. Die Einstiche konnten aber D. suzukii zugeordnet werden. Bei im Labor exponierten Kirschen zeigte sich, dass die Stärke des Kaolin-Belages auf den Früchten entscheidend für die Wirksamkeit ist. Die Versuche mit Kaolin und Löschkalk in Kirschhalb- und Hochstammbäumen müssen bei feuchteren Witterungsbedingungen und damit höherem Schädlingsdruck wiederholt werden, um abschliessende Aussagen zur Wirksamkeit zu treffen. Kaolin verringerte ebenfalls den Befall der Kirschenfliege R. cerasi. Eine kombinierte Behandlung beider Schädlinge wäre in Zukunft sicher wünschenswert, die optimalen Behandlungszeitpunkte und die Wirksamkeit müssen aber in weiterführenden Studien untersucht werden

Note sur deux Cortinaires recoltés dans le centre de la France

Notes sobre dos Cortinarius trobats en el centre de França. S'aporten descripcions i comentaris sobre dues espècies de Cortinarius recol·lectades en el centre de França: C. ornithopus Hry. i un taxon proper a C. miraculosus que es descriu en el present article amb el nom provisional de C. submiraculosus.Note on two Cortinarius growing in the center of France. A description and a discussion are given concerning two species of Cortinarius growing in the center of France: C. ornithopus Hry. and a taxon in a neighbourhood of C. miraculosus Melat, described here, under the provisional name C. submiraculosus

Interview de Bernard Reumaux

Interview de Bernard Reumaux, ancien journaliste, directeur des Editions La Nuée Bleue et rédacteur en chef de la revue Saisons d’Alsace. Q. Bernard Reumaux, vous avez été longtemps journaliste dans un grand quotidien régional. On associe souvent la liberté de la presse à sa pluralité. Or on constate en Alsace que chacun des deux grands quotidiens, l’Alsace et les Dernières nouvelles d’Alsace, est en situation de monopole dans les zones géographiques qu’ils couvrent respectivement. Cette situ..

Anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies attenuate the monocyte response to LPS and shape macrophage development

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to myeloperoxidase and proteinase-3, which bind monocytes in addition to neutrophils. While a pathological effect on neutrophils is acknowledged, the impact of ANCA on monocyte function is less well understood. Using IgG from patients we investigated the effect of these autoantibodies on monocytes and found that anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies (MPO-ANCA) reduced both IL-10 and IL-6 secretion in response to LPS. This reduction in IL-10 and IL-6 depended on Fc receptors and enzymatic myeloperoxidase and was accompanied by a significant reduction in TLR-driven signaling pathways. Aligning with changes in TLR signals, oxidized phospholipids, which function as TLR4 antagonists, were increased in monocytes in the presence of MPO-ANCA. We further observed that MPO-ANCA increased monocyte survival and differentiation to macrophages by stimulating CSF-1 production. However, this was independent of myeloperoxidase enzymatic activity and TLR signaling. Macrophages differentiated in the presence of MPO-ANCA secreted more TGF-β and further promoted the development of IL-10- and TGF-β-secreting CD4(+) T cells. Thus, MPO-ANCA may promote inflammation by reducing the secretion of antiinflammatory IL-10 from monocytes, and MPO-ANCA can alter the development of macrophages and T cells to potentially promote fibrosis

Individual and environmental determinants associated with longer times to access pediatric rheumatology centers for patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, a JIR cohort study.

Despite guidelines, poor access to appropriate care for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients remains a global issue. Prompt referral to a pediatric rheumatology (PR) center and effective care is known to be critical for changing the natural history of the disease and improving long-term prognosis. This project assesses socio-economic factors of delayed referral to a pediatric rheumatologist (PRst) for JIA patients in France and Switzerland within the Juvenile Inflammatory Rheumatism (JIR) Cohort. All patients diagnosed with JIA, presenting at one center of the JIRcohort in France or Switzerland with additional data on referral pathway were included. Patient characteristics at first visit to the PR center, dates of visits to healthcare providers during referral, and parent characteristics were extracted from the JIRcohort database. Two hundred fifty children were included. The overall median time to first PR assessment was 2.4 months [1.3; 6.9] and ranged widely across the JIA subtypes, from 1.4 months [0.6; 3.8] for children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) to 5.3 months [2.0; 19.1] for children with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA). A diagnosis of ERA and an appointment with an orthopedist during the referral pathway were significantly associated with a longer time before the first PR visit (hazard ratio HR 0.50 [95% CI: 0.29; 0.84]) and HR 0.68 [95% CI: 0.49; 0.93], respectively) in multivariable analysis. Having a mother with a post-graduate educational attainment level was tendentially associated with a shorter time before the first PR visit, (HR 1.32 [95% CI: 0.99; 1.78]). Time to first PRst visit was most often short compared to other studies and close to the British recommendations. However, this time remained too long for many patients. We observed no social inequities in access to a PRst, but we show the need to improve effective pathway and access to a PR center for JIA patients

Novel insights into the aetiology of granulomatosis with polyangiitis—a case–control study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink

Objectives We aimed to provide insights into the aetiology of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), by conducting a large case–control study using a general population-based, prospectively collected database of healthcare records. Methods We compared all incident cases of GPA in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink 1990–2014, with up to 10 age-, sex- and general practice-matched controls. We identified potential risk factors, recorded numbers of cases and controls exposed to each, and calculated odds ratios (ORs) using conditional logistic regression. Our main analysis excluded data recorded during 1 year before diagnosis, to prevent early symptoms being mistaken for risk factors. Results We identified 757 people with GPA and matched 7546 controls. People with GPA were five times more likely to have a previous diagnosis of bronchiectasis (OR = 5.1, 95% CI: 2.7, 9.4; P 5 years prior to diagnosis. People with GPA were two to three times more likely than controls to have previous diagnoses of autoimmune diseases or chronic renal impairment, and these effects also remained stable >5 years prior to diagnosis. People with GPA were more likely to have a diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis (OR = 5.7, 95% CI: 1.7, 19.5; P = 0.01) and sinus infections (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.8, 4.2; P < 0.0001) recorded in the 3 years before diagnosis, but not before this. We also found former smoking, some medications and higher socio-economic status significantly, but less strongly, associated. Conclusion We found novel long-term associations between GPA and pre-existing bronchiectasis and autoimmune diseases