Monografía de análisis: La práctica pedagógica en el programa de Licenciatura en Bilingüismo con Énfasis en Inglés

El presente trabajo de grado es una monografía de análisis basada en el área pedagógica-lingüística del programa Licenciatura en Bilingüismo con Énfasis en Inglés de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. El contenido de esta se desarrolla en cuatro capítulos que tienen como fin analizar qué tipos práctica pedagógica se ejercen en cada una de las asignaturas que componen el pensum del programa y de qué forma se realiza su implementación. Como método de investigación se elaboró una rúbrica que fue diligenciada por los docentes titulares de dichas asignaturas. El proceso de investigación demuestra que es una constante en las asignaturas ejercer más de un tipo de práctica pedagógica. Asimismo, se constató que se deberá hacer cambios estructurales y procedimentales tanto en la rúbrica como en su proceso de diligenciamiento con el fin de obtener datos más objetivos

Porous Titanium surfaces to control bacteria growth: mechanical properties and sulfonated polyetheretherketone coating as antibiofounling approaches

Here, titanium porous substrates were fabricated by a space holder technique. The relationship between microstructural characteristics (pore equivalent diameter, mean free-path between pores, roughness and contact surface), mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, yield strength and dynamic micro-hardness) and bacterial behavior are discussed. The bacterial strains evaluated are often found on dental implants: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The colony-forming units increased with the size of the spacer for both types of studied strains. An antibiofouling synthetic coating based on a sulfonated polyetheretherketone polymer revealed an effective chemical surface modification for inhibiting MRSA adhesion and growth. These findings collectively suggest that porous titanium implants designed with a pore size of 100–200 µm can be considered most suitable, assuring the best biomechanical and bifunctional anti-bacterial properties.University of Seville VI Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia—US 2018, I.3A

Linking outreach, research and teaching in a Nutrition and Dietetics undergraduate program

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to explore the integration of teaching, research and service/outreach in a Nutrition and Dietetics undergraduate program. Materials and methods: the study type was a systematization of experiences. Data was collected through group and individual in depth-interviews and also by reviewing documentation. Results: the data collected allowed establishing three main categories of analysis such as: achievements in research, teaching and service/outreach integration, difficulties in the integration, and suggestions that will allow improving it. The program, according to its educational project, has made progress in integrating research, teaching and service/outreach. This was evident in aspects such as student participation in research activities and outreach projects, student internships, and academic practices. There are, however, issues that need to be strengthened. In order to improve the practical component, we recommend defining a policy of student groups that allow articulating teaching, research and service/ outreach within the curriculum, building internal grants for research and outreach for undergraduate students, and developing a program that disseminates outreach work and projects.RESUMEN: Describir el proceso de articulación entre investigación, docencia y extensión en un programa universitario de Nutrición y Dietética. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una sistematización, bajo la perspectiva cualitativa. Para la recolección de los datos se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas grupales e individuales y revisión documental. La información obtenida fue grabada, transcrita y codificada de manera abierta; posteriormente se realizó una codificación axial, lo que permitió encontrar relaciones entre las diferentes categorías, avanzando a la fase de tematización y análisis. Resultados: se establecieron tres categorías de análisis: logros en la articulación investigación, docencia y extensión, dificultades en dicha articulación y sugerencias para mejorarla. El programa acorde con su proyecto educativo ha hecho avances en la articulación investigación, docencia y extensión, lo que se evidencia en aspectos como la participación de estudiantes en proyectos de investigación y extensión, las pasantías estudiantiles y las prácticas académicas. Sin embargo, aún se encuentran aspectos por fortalecer. Se recomienda, como estrategia para redimensionar la práctica, definir una política de semilleros estudiantiles que conciba la articulación en mención en el plan de estudios, crear convocatorias internas de apoyo a la investigación y a la extensión para estudiantes de pregrado y desarrollar un programa de divulgación de los proyectos de extensión

La Imagen y la Narrativa como Herramientas para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia Municipios de Medellín, Carmen de Viboral y Manizales, Colombia; Alaejos Valladolid, España

Colombia históricamente ha vivido escenarios de violencia principalmente en relación con el conflicto armado que ha sumido al país en una permanente zozobra y dolor, especialmente en las comunidades rurales, las más vulnerables y olvidadas por el Estado. La violencia en Colombia es una experiencia que lleva décadas afectando a personas que viven el conflicto como si fuera inherente a sus vidas. En esta fase del diplomado, se realizó un acercamiento a dos herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia: la imagen y la narrativa, ambas con un significativo poder de exhortación social que permiten difundir, explicar, discernir y crear conciencia para una mayor comprensión, análisis y evaluación de los orígenes, mantenimiento e implicaciones potenciales de este fenómeno social. La acción superlativa de la imagen y la narrativa a la hora de comunicar el mensaje y crear inquietud en la comunidad, tienen un valor inconmensurable dentro del propósito de lograr un cambio manifiesto, transformación y empoderamiento en la comunidad, logrando explicar de múltiples maneras lo que es la violencia en esencia, esperando producir manifestaciones de empatía y dolor social, favoreciendo el sentido de pertenencia con quienes sufren las injusticias y flagelos del conflicto armado. Estas herramientas permiten tener un conocimiento más realista y certero frente a esta situación al hacer múltiples contrastes, al exponer el conflicto desde diversas perspectivas propias y ajenas, brindando una amplia idea de lo que implica esta realidad, la cual cotidianamente vemos desde una óptica personalista, pero que se hace necesario asimilarla desde nuevas perspectivas que permitan concebirla a partir de la participación permanente de la comunidad y del planteamiento de posibles alternativas de solución en beneficio principalmente de las víctimas. Por ello es importante reconocer el alcance de la imagen y la narrativa para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia.Colombia has historically experienced scenes of violence mainly in relation to the armed conflict that has plunged the country into permanent anxiety and pain, especially in rural communities, the most vulnerable and neglected by the State. Violence in Colombia is an experience that has affected people for decades who experience the conflict as if it were inherent to their lives. In this phase of the diploma, an approach was made to two tools for the psychosocial approach in scenarios of violence: the image and the narrative, both with a significant power of social exhortation that allow disseminating, explaining, discerning and creating awareness for a greater understanding, analysis and evaluation of the origins, maintenance and potential implications of this social phenomenon. The superlative action of the image and the narrative when it comes to communicating the message and creating concern in the community, have an immeasurable value within the purpose of achieving a manifest change, transformation and empowerment in the community, managing to explain in multiple ways what it is violence in essence, hoping to produce manifestations of empathy and social pain, favoring the sense of belonging with those who suffer the injustices and scourges of the armed conflict. These tools allow us to have a more realistic and accurate knowledge of this situation by making multiple contrasts, by exposing the conflict from different perspectives of our own and others, providing a broad idea of what this reality implies, which we see daily from a personal perspective. But that it is necessary to assimilate it from new perspectives that allow to conceive it from the permanent participation of the community and the approach of possible alternative solutions for the benefit mainly of the victims. For this reason, it is important to recognize the scope of the image and the narrative for the psychosocial approach in scenes of violence

Extracurricular Factors Influence Perceived Stress in a Large Cohort of Colombian Dental Students

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of extracurricular factors including socioeconomic status and career choice with perceived stress in dental school in a large cohort of Colombian dental students. Participants in the study were 5,700 students enrolled in seventeen Colombian dental schools. The study employed a Spanish adaptation of the Dental Environment Stressors (DES30-Sp) questionnaire and recorded an array of demographic, socioeconomic, career choice, and dental studies-related information. Data analyses relied on descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate methods based on multi-level mixed-effects linear regression and post hoc estimation of predictive margins. "Fear of failing a course or year" emerged as the highest ranked item. Male students consistently reported less perceived stress than females, and stress scores were higher among seniors. Independent of gender, age, and study year, having dentistry as one's first career choice, relying on financial support, and belonging to higher socioeconomic strata were associated with lower stress levels. Academic environment interventions aimed to improve students' educational well-being will need to account for the individual heterogeneity among them. These data from a robust cohort of predoctoral dental students underscore the importance of considering students' educational experiences in a broader social and economic context

Factors influencing the decision to receive seasonal influenza vaccination among US corporate non-healthcare workers

Influenza causes significant mortality and morbidity in the United States (US). Employees are exposed to influenza at work and can spread it to others. The influenza vaccine is safe, effective, and prevents severe outcomes; however, coverage among US adults (50.2%) is below Healthy People 2030 target of 70%. These highlights need for more effective vaccination promotion interventions. Understanding predictors of vaccination acceptance could inform vaccine promotion messages, improve coverage, and reduce illness-related work absences. We aimed to identify factors influencing influenza vaccination among US non-healthcare workers. Using mixed-methods approach, we evaluated factors influencing influenza vaccination among employees in three US companies during April-June 2020. Survey questions were adapted from the WHO seasonal influenza survey. Most respondents (n = 454) were women (272, 59.9%), 20-39 years old (n = 250, 55.1%); white (n = 254, 56.0%); had a college degree (n = 431, 95.0%); and reported receiving influenza vaccine in preceding influenza season (n = 297, 65.4%). Logistic regression model was statistically significant, X (16, N = 450) = 31.6, p = .01. Education [(OR) = 0.3, 95%CI = 0.1-0.6)] and race (OR = 0.4, 95%CI = 0.2-0.8) were significant predictors of influenza vaccine acceptance among participants. The majority had favorable attitudes toward influenza vaccination and reported that physician recommendation would influence their vaccination decisions. Seven themes were identified in qualitative analysis: "Protecting others" (109, 24.0%), "Protecting self" (105, 23.1%), "Vaccine accessibility" (94, 20.7%), "Education/messaging" (71, 15.6%), "Policies/requirements" (15, 3.3%), "Reminders" (9, 2.0%), and "Incentives" (3, 0.7%). Our findings could facilitate the development of effective influenza vaccination promotion messages and programs for employers, and workplace vaccination programs for other diseases such as COVID-19, by public health authorities

Fiabilidad y validez de constructo de la versión colombiana del instrumento de calidad de vida Skindex-29© en Medellín, Colombia

RESUMEN: La adaptación cultural de los instrumentos de calidad de vida y su evaluación psicométrica se deben hacer de forma rigurosa y estandarizada. Objetivo: evaluar la fiabilidad y la validez de constructo de la versión colombiana del instrumento Skindex-29©. Métodos: se incluyeron pacientes con enfermedades cutáneas inflamatorias o generalizadas; con enfermedades no inflamatorias o localizadas, e individuos sanos y se determinó la fiabilidad intraobservador e interobservador. Resultados: se encuestaron 265 individuos. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,957 para el instrumento total. Los coeficientes de correlación intraclase de la consistencia intraobservador e interobservador fueron superiores al 0,9. Los pacientes con enfermedades dermatológicas generalizadas y con dermatosis inflamatorias tuvieron puntuaciones más altas que las de aquellos con lesiones cutáneas no inflamatorias o aisladas. Conclusiones: los resultados corroboran la validez de constructo del instrumento estudiado. En el futuro es necesario evaluar otras propiedades psicométricas del mismo tales como su validez de contenido y de criterio y su sensibilidad al cambio.ABSTRACT: The cultural adaptation of quality of life instruments and their psychometric evaluation should be done rigorously and according to the standards. Objective: This study assessed the reliability and construct validity of the Colombian version of the Skindex-29 instrument Methods: Patients with inflammatory or generalized skin diseases and with non-inflammatory or localized diseases, and healthy individuals were included. We determined the intra- and inter-observer reliability Results: We surveyed 265 individuals. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.957 for the total instrument. The intraclass correlation coefficients for intra-observer and inter-observer consistency were higher than 0.9. Patients with generalized or inflammatory diseases had higher scores than those with non-inflammatory or isolated lesions. Conclusions: The results support the construct validity of the studied instrument. In the future, it is necessary to evaluate other psychometric properties such as its content and criteria validity, and its sensitivity to change

Enfoques y metodologías sobre el hábitat: memorias de una experiencia pedagógica

Compilación de ensayos producto de los Cursos de Formación Avanzada del Oriente Antioqueño y Medellín, realizados por el Programa FORHUM en el segundo semestre de 1999. Algunos de los ensayos enfatizan sobre conocimientos consolidados en la experiencia de la intervención urbana; otros, proponen nuevas preguntas o sugieren diferentes enfoques para comprender y actuar en los asuntos más candentes de las sociedades locales y sus hábitats

Remdesivir and three other drugs for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: final results of the WHO Solidarity randomised trial and updated meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND World Health Organization expert groups recommended mortality trials of four repurposed antiviral drugs - remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and interferon beta-1a - in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). METHODS We randomly assigned inpatients with Covid-19 equally between one of the trial drug regimens that was locally available and open control (up to five options, four active and the local standard of care). The intention-to-treat primary analyses examined in-hospital mortality in the four pairwise comparisons of each trial drug and its control (drug available but patient assigned to the same care without that drug). Rate ratios for death were calculated with stratification according to age and status regarding mechanical ventilation at trial entry. RESULTS At 405 hospitals in 30 countries, 11,330 adults underwent randomization; 2750 were assigned to receive remdesivir, 954 to hydroxychloroquine, 1411 to lopinavir (without interferon), 2063 to interferon (including 651 to interferon plus lopinavir), and 4088 to no trial drug. Adherence was 94 to 96% midway through treatment, with 2 to 6% crossover. In total, 1253 deaths were reported (median day of death, day 8; interquartile range, 4 to 14). The Kaplan-Meier 28-day mortality was 11.8% (39.0% if the patient was already receiving ventilation at randomization and 9.5% otherwise). Death occurred in 301 of 2743 patients receiving remdesivir and in 303 of 2708 receiving its control (rate ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81 to 1.11; P = 0.50), in 104 of 947 patients receiving hydroxychloroquine and in 84 of 906 receiving its control (rate ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.59; P = 0.23), in 148 of 1399 patients receiving lopinavir and in 146 of 1372 receiving its control (rate ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.25; P = 0.97), and in 243 of 2050 patients receiving interferon and in 216 of 2050 receiving its control (rate ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.39; P = 0.11). No drug definitely reduced mortality, overall or in any subgroup, or reduced initiation of ventilation or hospitalization duration. CONCLUSIONS These remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and interferon regimens had little or no effect on hospitalized patients with Covid-19, as indicated by overall mortality, initiation of ventilation, and duration of hospital stay. (Funded by the World Health Organization; ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN83971151; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04315948.)

Genome-wide association study of Tourette Syndrome

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a developmental disorder that has one of the highest familial recurrence rates among neuropsychiatric diseases with complex inheritance. However, the identification of definitive TS susceptibility genes remains elusive. Here, we report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of TS in 1285 cases and 4964 ancestry-matched controls of European ancestry, including two European-derived population isolates, Ashkenazi Jews from North America and Israel, and French Canadians from Quebec, Canada. In a primary meta-analysis of GWAS data from these European ancestry samples, no markers achieved a genome-wide threshold of significance (p<5 × 10−8); the top signal was found in rs7868992 on chromosome 9q32 within COL27A1 (p=1.85 × 10−6). A secondary analysis including an additional 211 cases and 285 controls from two closely-related Latin-American population isolates from the Central Valley of Costa Rica and Antioquia, Colombia also identified rs7868992 as the top signal (p=3.6 × 10−7 for the combined sample of 1496 cases and 5249 controls following imputation with 1000 Genomes data). This study lays the groundwork for the eventual identification of common TS susceptibility variants in larger cohorts and helps to provide a more complete understanding of the full genetic architecture of this disorder