SA-11 The Total Count of CPS on Hand Holding Dog Swab in UNAIR Animal Hospital, Before and After Cleaning based on Islamic Rules and Cleaning Using Soap

Purify our self from the dirt is highly regarded in Islamic principles because that is one of legitimate requirements of a worship. In Islamic law, dogs are classified including into the severe unclean category, where there are some perspectives against the nature of unclean possess by dog.  The way of purification is to wash as much seven times, and one of them using soil (Handi, 2008).Essentially, the unclean determination for dog saliva is viewed from ritual dimensions, instead of rational, thus there should be no reason logically. Furthermore, we cannot mix the concept of holiness according to the religion with a sterile concept if we relate to the medical side. However, as far as we know the sacred way, surely there is a great secret that Our Creator has saved, thus we need to explore more deeply.The means of transmitting pathogenic germs has been realized since the 1840s, where proper hand hygiene can reduce or prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infections. Dobson (2003) mentioned that washing hands can prevent more than 1 million deaths per year due to illness diarrhea, while washing hands with soap can reduce diarrhea up to 47%.Jayne (2002) who compared the number of bacteria that successfully grown from the saliva of dogs, cats and humans, mentioned that bacteria in dog saliva had the largest number with 53 colonies, while cats had 16 and human with 5 colonies. The bacteria derived from dog saliva have the fastest grow and the most varied colonies colors.Staphylococcus sp. is a normal flora that we can find on the skin, ears, swabs of nasal mucosa and mouth, also saliva of dog. This bacterium includes into opportunistic pathogens bacteria that can cause canine pyoderma, abscesses, otitis externa, infection of wound and urinary tract in dogs. In humans, they can cause external otitis, cardiomyopathy and endocarditis, food poisoning outbreaks, catheterrelated bacteremia, pneumonia and brain abscesses (Borjesson, 2014). S.intermedius and S.aureus are bacteria belonging to the Coagulase Positive Staphylococci (CPS) group which plays an important role in cases of skin infections in dogs and they are zoonotic (Hajek, 1967). Tanner et al (2000), reported that this bacterial transmission through pets to humans is a common case at home and inflict various diseases on dog owners.In Indonesia, limited studies of various causative agents of diseases makes we lack to know whether the cause of the various diseases that are currently emerging. Thus, the efforts of preventive that should be more necessary to do rarely get a serious attention. Whereas very possible, that our lovely pet is one of the source of the various diseases transmissions because of less precise of biosafety.There is no further proof yet, whether the concept of Islamic purification for saliva of dog also includes the concept of sterility against bacteria based on medical guidance. As an early stage, this paper will be elaborated how the total of CPS from hand swab holder dogs at Animal Hospital of Education, Airlangga University, Surabaya, before and after purification with soil according to Islamic principles and cleaning using soap

Crossbreeding effect of double-muscled cattle on in vitro embryo development and quality

Nowadays, several developing countries have started to breed double-muscled cattle to their autochthonous cattle to improve meat production. However, the developmental competence of the resultant crossbreeding embryos is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding double-muscled (Belgian Blue; BB) semen with beef (Limousin; LIM) and dairy (Holstein-Friesian; HF) derived oocytes on embryo development and quality, using purebred BB as a control (BB oocytes fertilized by BB sperm). A single ejaculate of a BB bull was evaluated by Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis before using for in vitro fertilization. Ovaries from each breed were collected at the local slaughterhouse (n = 1,720 oocytes). All statistical analyses were performed using R-core (P < 0.05). Embryo quality was evaluated via differential-apoptotic staining of day 8 blastocysts. Cleavage (48 h post insemination) and day 8 blastocyst rates were greater (P < 0.05) for LIM (82.9 ± 6 and 27 ± 4.3%, respectively) than for BB (69.8 ± 8.5 and 19.6 ± 3.1%, respectively) and HF (45.1 ± 10 and 12.3 ± 2.2%, respectively). Holstein-Friesian presented lower cleavage and day 8 blastocyst rates than BB (P < 0.05). Limousin blastocysts presented a higher number (P < 0.05) of inner cell mass cells (ICM; 68 ± 7.8) than HF (40.4 ± 8.2). In conclusion, crossbreeding double-muscled cattle by in vitro fertilization with LIM oocytes yielded better embryo compared with the purebred combination, while the combination with HF oocytes produced the lowest rate of blastocysts

Jumlah Total Bakteri CPS (Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus) Pada Swab Tangan Pemegang Anjing Di Rshp Fkh Unair Sebelum Dan Sesudah Dilakukan Pensucian Menurut Kaidah Islam Dan Pembersihan Menggunakan Sabun : Penelitian Eksperimental Laboratoris

The aim of this study was to detennine whether there were differences in the number of CPS on the hands of the dog's holder before and after cleaning with soil and soap, as well as whether the concept of cleaning according to Islamic rules with soil also include the concept of sterility according to medical guiding with soap. Sampling method from hand swab done on ]2 dog holder's, with each consist of pre•soap, post-soap, pre-soil and post-soil sample. Alcohol 10 % had given in the hands of dog holders before the treatment using soap or soil. Followed by providing the opportunity for dog holders had contact with dogs, including the dog saliva within 10 minutes. Then, the dog holders washed their hands with soap or soil for 30 seconds, for further post-treatment samples. Average values obtained by the treatment of bacterial number of pre-soil = 4.58 CFU/ml; post-soil ~ 2.14 CFU/m1; pre-soap ~ 4.76 CFU/m1; and post-soap ~ 3.10 CFU/ml. The analysis show that the significance value (P) of pre-soil and pre-soap = 0.561; post-soil and post-soap = 0.178; pre-post soil = 0.000; pre-post soap = 0.00], where each value of p < a (0.025). The result show that the soil and soap can be a good cleanser, with the reducing number of CPS with soil are bigger than soap, as well as soil functions as cleaner according to Islamic rules also include the function as cleanser according to medical guidin

Efek Suplementasi Ekstrak Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis) Terhadap Viabilitas dan Germinal Vesicle Breakdown Rate Oosit Ikan Zebra (Danio rerio) Dengan Paparan Heat Stress

Pemanasan global ditandai dengan meningkatnya suhu atmosfer, laut, dan daratan di bumi, sehingga terjadi perubahan iklim yang ekstrim. Efek perubahan iklim akan berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan hewan melalui peningkatan suhu lingkungan (heat stress). Heat stress berdampak negatif pada kesehatan hewan melalui peningkatan ROS (Reactive Oxygen Spesies), terutama pada sistem reproduksi karena menyebabkan penurunan efisiensi reproduksi, seperti perkembangan folikel, kualitas oosit, dan pematangan oosit. Diperlukan suplementasi antioksidan, yaitu ekstrak teh hijau, untuk mengurangi efek negatif dari heat stress. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan pemberian ekstrak teh hijau (Camellia sinensis) dosis 4 µl terhadap viabilitas dan Germinal Vesicle Breakdown (GVBD) rate oosit ikan Zebra pada suhu normal (28℃) dan dengan paparan heat stress (32℃; 34℃). Oosit ikan Zebra dikoleksi dan dikelompokkan dalam 2 (dua) kelompok perlakuan meliputi, kelompok non heat stress (28℃) dan kelompok heat stess (32℃; 34℃) dengan 6 kali pengulangan. Data kuantitatif diolah menggunakan software SPSS dengan Analisa Two Way ANOVA. Hasil Two Way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi ekstrak teh hijau memberikan efek positif terhadap viabilitas dan GVBD rate oosit ikan Zebra. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh signifikansi terhadap persentase viabilitas (P=0.000) dan GVBD rate (P=0.000)

Efek Suplementasi Air Zamzam Terhadap Diameter, Viabilitas, dan Germinal Vesicle Breakdown Rate Oosit Ikan Zebra (Danio Rerio) dengan Paparan Heat Stres

Suhu merupakan salah satu faktor lingkungan yang penting karena pengaruhnya terhadap metabolisme, perilaku makan, kinerja pertumbuhan, kelangsungan hidup, dan ketahanan terhadap penyakit. Heat stress dapat menekan pertumbuhan, efisiensi pakan, fungsi fisiologis, respon imun, dan status oksidatif pada organ hewan. Adanya peningkatan produksi Reactive Oxidative Stress (ROS) yang berlebihan dan menyebabkan stres oksidatif. Antioksidan diperlukan untuk menyeimbangkan kembali sel-sel yang mengalami dampak yang diakibatkan oleh stress oksidatif. Tujuan dari dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis pengaruh suplementasi air Zamzam dengan dosis 2ml terhadap diameter, viabilitas, dan Germinal Vesicle Breakdown (GVBD) rate pada oosit ikan zebra (Danio rerio) yang dipapar heat stress. Ikan Zebra berusia 7 bulan yang telah dipelihara, dikoleksi oositnya dan diberikan perlakuan yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok besar yaitu kelompok Non Heat Stress (NHS;28) dan Heat Stress (HS;32,34). Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif menggunakan Software Package for the Social Science (SPSS) dengan Two Way Analysis of Variant (ANOVA) (p < 0,05). Hasil uji Two Way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi air Zamzam memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap diameter, viabilitas dan GVBD rate. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh signifikasi terhadap diameter oosit (p=0,004), viabilitas (p=0,002), GVBD rate (p=0,000)

Pengaruh Paparan Heat Stress terhadap Integritas DNA, Mortalitas, Viabilitas, dan Morfologi Sperma Ikan Zebra (Danio rerio) dengan Diberi Suplementasi Ekstrak Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonium L.

Pemanasan global merupakan fenomena meningkatnya suhu bumi secara global sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya heat stress yang dapat mengganggu keseimbangan oksidan dan antioksidan di dalam tubuh sehingga meningkatkan kadar Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Peningkatan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) menimbulkan stress oksidatif yang akan berdampak langsung pada sistem reproduksi ikan khususnya spermatogenesis. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi dampak dari heat stress tersebut adalah dengan pemberian senyawa antioksidan, seperti quercetin. Antioksidan quercetin merupakan senyawa utama yang terkadung pada bawang merah (Allium ascalonium L.) yang berfungsi sebagai pemutus reaksi berantai radikal bebas yang bekerja dengan menjaga keseimbangan oksidatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan ikan Zebra sebagai hewan model dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi ekstrak bawang merah terhadap integritas DNA, viabilitas, mortalitas, dan morfologi sperma ikan pada paparan heat stress. Ikan jantan dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok besar, yaitu kelompok perlakuan (pemberian ekstrak bawang merah) dan kontrol (solution). Setiap kelompok dibagi lagi berdasarkan suhu, yaitu suhu normal (240 C) dan heat stress suhu (300 C dan 320 C) yang dipelihara selama 7 hari. Pengamatan morfologi menunjukkan adanya beberapa abnormalitas pada kelompok perlakuan. Data integritas DNA, viabilitas dan mortalitas diolah menggunakan software SPSS dengan uji non-parametrik Kruskal-Wallis H. dengan uji lanjutan Mann�Whitney (P<0,05). Hasil uji menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok terhadap integritas DNA (p=0.000), viabilitas (p=0.000), dan mortalitas (p=0.000)

Efek Suplementasi Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk (Citrus sinensis) Terhadap Diameter, Survival Rate, dan Germinal Vesicle Breakdown Rates Oosit Ikan Zebra (Danio rerio) Dengan Paparan Heat Stress

Paparan suhu yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan kondisi heat stress akibat ketidakmampuan individu untuk meregulasi panas. Heat stress dapat menyebabkan peningkatan produksi Reactive Oxygen Species yang menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan fisiologi dan reproduksi. Flavonoid yang terdapat pada kulit jeruk dapat mengurangi dampak negatifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek suplementasi ekstrak kulit jeruk terhadap diameter, survival rate, dan germinal vesicle breakdown rate oosit ikan zebra yang terpapar heat stress dan non heat stress. Oosit dikoleksi dari Ikan Zebra betina (n=1080) sejumlah 20 ekor dibagi menjadi enam kelompok perlakuan suhu NHSS, NHSKJ, HS32S, HS32KJ, HS34S, dan HS34KJ. Kemudian oosit diberi perlakuan heat stress selama satu jam lalu diberi suplementasi ekstrak kulit jeruk sejumlah 4μl pada kelompok suplementasi, dengan konsentrasi flavonoid 328,58 ppm pada ekstrak kulit jeruk. Data kemudian diolah menggunakan SPSS dengan analisa Two Way ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak kulit jeruk pada oosit memberikan perbedaan signifikan pada setiap kelompok perlakuan suhu pada diameter, survival rate, dan GVBD rate oosit ikan Zebra yang dipapar HS dan NHS (P<0,05). Mean kelompok suplementasi lebih ditinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok solution. Kelomok NHSKJ menunjukkan angka yang paling tinggi pada diameter, survival rate, dan GVBD rate oosit ikan Zebra

The effect of season of birth on the morphometrics of newborn Belgian Blue calves

Breed type and environmental factors such as breeding season may have a significant impact on neonatal morphometrics. We followed a total of 236 elective cesarean sections in Belgian Blue (BB) cows, from which neonatal calves were morphometrically assessed (in cm) within the first 72 h of delivery using a strictly standardized protocol. The effect of the season of birth on each calf measurement was analyzed using mixed linear regression models, including the farm of origin as a random effect. Calves born in spring had a longer diagonal length (69.7 +/- 1.24; P = 0.05) than those born in autumn (66.9 +/- 1.16). The tibial length of calves born in spring (35.8 +/- 0.48) was longer (P 0.08). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the birth season influences the morphometrics of neonatal BB calves, with a tendency for spring to be associated with the largest body size. The latter is important to avoid dystocia when BB cattle are crossed with other breeds

Oocyte developmental capacity is influenced by intrinsic ovarian factors in a bovine model for individual embryo production

The ovary and its hormones may have major effects on the in vitro developmental capacity of the oocytes it contains. We related intrinsic ovarian factors namely the presence of corpus luteum (CL) and/or dominant follicle (>8 mm) and the follicular count to cumulus expansion (CE), embryo development, and blastocyst quality in a bovine model. Cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) were aspirated from follicles between 4 and 8 mm in diameter. In vitro embryo produc-tion was performed in a fully individual production system. The follicular fluid from which COCs were collected was pooled (per ovary) to evaluate the estrogen, progesterone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. Cumulus oocyte complexes collected from ovaries without a CL presented a greater CE than COCs derived from ovaries bearing CL. The absence of ovarian structures increased the blastocyst rate when compared to oocytes derived from ovaries with a CL, a dominant follicle, or both. Blastocysts derived from ovaries without a dominant follicle presented higher total cell numbers and a lower proportion of apoptosis than blastocysts derived from ovaries containing a dominant follicle. Cumulus oocyte complexes collected from ovaries with high follicular count resulted in higher cleavage than from ovaries with low follicular count, but the blastocyst rate was similar between groups. Ovaries bearing a CL had greater progesterone and IGF-1 follicular fluid concentrations in neighboring follicles than ovaries without a CL. Selection for bovine ovaries without CL or dominant follicle can have positive effects on CE, embryo development, and blastocyst quality in an individual embryo production system set-up