SA-11 The Total Count of CPS on Hand Holding Dog Swab in UNAIR Animal Hospital, Before and After Cleaning based on Islamic Rules and Cleaning Using Soap

Purify our self from the dirt is highly regarded in Islamic principles because that is one of legitimate requirements of a worship. In Islamic law, dogs are classified including into the severe unclean category, where there are some perspectives against the nature of unclean possess by dog.  The way of purification is to wash as much seven times, and one of them using soil (Handi, 2008).Essentially, the unclean determination for dog saliva is viewed from ritual dimensions, instead of rational, thus there should be no reason logically. Furthermore, we cannot mix the concept of holiness according to the religion with a sterile concept if we relate to the medical side. However, as far as we know the sacred way, surely there is a great secret that Our Creator has saved, thus we need to explore more deeply.The means of transmitting pathogenic germs has been realized since the 1840s, where proper hand hygiene can reduce or prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infections. Dobson (2003) mentioned that washing hands can prevent more than 1 million deaths per year due to illness diarrhea, while washing hands with soap can reduce diarrhea up to 47%.Jayne (2002) who compared the number of bacteria that successfully grown from the saliva of dogs, cats and humans, mentioned that bacteria in dog saliva had the largest number with 53 colonies, while cats had 16 and human with 5 colonies. The bacteria derived from dog saliva have the fastest grow and the most varied colonies colors.Staphylococcus sp. is a normal flora that we can find on the skin, ears, swabs of nasal mucosa and mouth, also saliva of dog. This bacterium includes into opportunistic pathogens bacteria that can cause canine pyoderma, abscesses, otitis externa, infection of wound and urinary tract in dogs. In humans, they can cause external otitis, cardiomyopathy and endocarditis, food poisoning outbreaks, catheterrelated bacteremia, pneumonia and brain abscesses (Borjesson, 2014). S.intermedius and S.aureus are bacteria belonging to the Coagulase Positive Staphylococci (CPS) group which plays an important role in cases of skin infections in dogs and they are zoonotic (Hajek, 1967). Tanner et al (2000), reported that this bacterial transmission through pets to humans is a common case at home and inflict various diseases on dog owners.In Indonesia, limited studies of various causative agents of diseases makes we lack to know whether the cause of the various diseases that are currently emerging. Thus, the efforts of preventive that should be more necessary to do rarely get a serious attention. Whereas very possible, that our lovely pet is one of the source of the various diseases transmissions because of less precise of biosafety.There is no further proof yet, whether the concept of Islamic purification for saliva of dog also includes the concept of sterility against bacteria based on medical guidance. As an early stage, this paper will be elaborated how the total of CPS from hand swab holder dogs at Animal Hospital of Education, Airlangga University, Surabaya, before and after purification with soil according to Islamic principles and cleaning using soap

Crossbreeding effect of double-muscled cattle on in vitro embryo development and quality

Nowadays, several developing countries have started to breed double-muscled cattle to their autochthonous cattle to improve meat production. However, the developmental competence of the resultant crossbreeding embryos is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding double-muscled (Belgian Blue; BB) semen with beef (Limousin; LIM) and dairy (Holstein-Friesian; HF) derived oocytes on embryo development and quality, using purebred BB as a control (BB oocytes fertilized by BB sperm). A single ejaculate of a BB bull was evaluated by Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis before using for in vitro fertilization. Ovaries from each breed were collected at the local slaughterhouse (n = 1,720 oocytes). All statistical analyses were performed using R-core (P < 0.05). Embryo quality was evaluated via differential-apoptotic staining of day 8 blastocysts. Cleavage (48 h post insemination) and day 8 blastocyst rates were greater (P < 0.05) for LIM (82.9 ± 6 and 27 ± 4.3%, respectively) than for BB (69.8 ± 8.5 and 19.6 ± 3.1%, respectively) and HF (45.1 ± 10 and 12.3 ± 2.2%, respectively). Holstein-Friesian presented lower cleavage and day 8 blastocyst rates than BB (P < 0.05). Limousin blastocysts presented a higher number (P < 0.05) of inner cell mass cells (ICM; 68 ± 7.8) than HF (40.4 ± 8.2). In conclusion, crossbreeding double-muscled cattle by in vitro fertilization with LIM oocytes yielded better embryo compared with the purebred combination, while the combination with HF oocytes produced the lowest rate of blastocysts

Jumlah Total Bakteri CPS (Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus) Pada Swab Tangan Pemegang Anjing Di Rshp Fkh Unair Sebelum Dan Sesudah Dilakukan Pensucian Menurut Kaidah Islam Dan Pembersihan Menggunakan Sabun : Penelitian Eksperimental Laboratoris

The aim of this study was to detennine whether there were differences in the number of CPS on the hands of the dog's holder before and after cleaning with soil and soap, as well as whether the concept of cleaning according to Islamic rules with soil also include the concept of sterility according to medical guiding with soap. Sampling method from hand swab done on ]2 dog holder's, with each consist of pre•soap, post-soap, pre-soil and post-soil sample. Alcohol 10 % had given in the hands of dog holders before the treatment using soap or soil. Followed by providing the opportunity for dog holders had contact with dogs, including the dog saliva within 10 minutes. Then, the dog holders washed their hands with soap or soil for 30 seconds, for further post-treatment samples. Average values obtained by the treatment of bacterial number of pre-soil = 4.58 CFU/ml; post-soil ~ 2.14 CFU/m1; pre-soap ~ 4.76 CFU/m1; and post-soap ~ 3.10 CFU/ml. The analysis show that the significance value (P) of pre-soil and pre-soap = 0.561; post-soil and post-soap = 0.178; pre-post soil = 0.000; pre-post soap = 0.00], where each value of p < a (0.025). The result show that the soil and soap can be a good cleanser, with the reducing number of CPS with soil are bigger than soap, as well as soil functions as cleaner according to Islamic rules also include the function as cleanser according to medical guidin

The effect of season of birth on the morphometrics of newborn Belgian Blue calves

Breed type and environmental factors such as breeding season may have a significant impact on neonatal morphometrics. We followed a total of 236 elective cesarean sections in Belgian Blue (BB) cows, from which neonatal calves were morphometrically assessed (in cm) within the first 72 h of delivery using a strictly standardized protocol. The effect of the season of birth on each calf measurement was analyzed using mixed linear regression models, including the farm of origin as a random effect. Calves born in spring had a longer diagonal length (69.7 +/- 1.24; P = 0.05) than those born in autumn (66.9 +/- 1.16). The tibial length of calves born in spring (35.8 +/- 0.48) was longer (P 0.08). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the birth season influences the morphometrics of neonatal BB calves, with a tendency for spring to be associated with the largest body size. The latter is important to avoid dystocia when BB cattle are crossed with other breeds

Oocyte developmental capacity is influenced by intrinsic ovarian factors in a bovine model for individual embryo production

The ovary and its hormones may have major effects on the in vitro developmental capacity of the oocytes it contains. We related intrinsic ovarian factors namely the presence of corpus luteum (CL) and/or dominant follicle (>8 mm) and the follicular count to cumulus expansion (CE), embryo development, and blastocyst quality in a bovine model. Cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) were aspirated from follicles between 4 and 8 mm in diameter. In vitro embryo produc-tion was performed in a fully individual production system. The follicular fluid from which COCs were collected was pooled (per ovary) to evaluate the estrogen, progesterone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. Cumulus oocyte complexes collected from ovaries without a CL presented a greater CE than COCs derived from ovaries bearing CL. The absence of ovarian structures increased the blastocyst rate when compared to oocytes derived from ovaries with a CL, a dominant follicle, or both. Blastocysts derived from ovaries without a dominant follicle presented higher total cell numbers and a lower proportion of apoptosis than blastocysts derived from ovaries containing a dominant follicle. Cumulus oocyte complexes collected from ovaries with high follicular count resulted in higher cleavage than from ovaries with low follicular count, but the blastocyst rate was similar between groups. Ovaries bearing a CL had greater progesterone and IGF-1 follicular fluid concentrations in neighboring follicles than ovaries without a CL. Selection for bovine ovaries without CL or dominant follicle can have positive effects on CE, embryo development, and blastocyst quality in an individual embryo production system set-up

Practical methods to assess the effects of heat stress on the quality of frozen-thawed Belgian Blue semen in field conditions

The increased exportation of semen and embryos of double-muscled beef breeds to tropical and developing countries makes it important to investigate the reproductive capacity of these breeds in adapting to tropical conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of Belgian Blue semen collected after there is heat-stress (HS; as a mimic of tropical condition) compared with non-heat stressed (NHS; as their comfort zone), using practical spermatozoa staining methods such that prevail in developing countries. There was screening of semen kinetics using CASA and evaluation of their DNA-, acrosome, plasma membrane-integrity, and mitochondrial activity. For each staining technique, there was evaluation of 12 frozen-thawed semen samples from six Belgian Blue bulls collected after there were HS and NHS conditions in Belgium. Mixed linear regression models were used to assess the effects of HS for each CASA variable and staining method outcome using the replicate nested with bull as a random effect. There were differences (P < 0.05) in values when there were semen collections following HS and NHS conditions for several post-thawing kinetic variables. Furthermore, the mean percentages of DNA-, acrosome-, and plasma membrane-integrity, as well as mitochondrial activity were greater (P < 0.05) when semen was collected following NHS compared with HS conditions. Conclusively, results indicated that when there was collection of semen following HS conditions, there were detrimental effects on the viability and quality of Belgian Blue semen which is an important consideration for the semen collection, processing, and evaluation in tropical countries

Lycopene supplementation to serum-free maturation medium improves in vitro bovine embryo development and quality and modulates embryonic transcriptomic profile

Bovine embryos are typically cultured at reduced oxygen tension to lower the impact of oxidative stress on embryo development. However, oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is performed at atmospheric oxygen tension since low oxygen during maturation has a negative impact on oocyte developmental competence. Lycopene, a carotenoid, acts as a powerful antioxidant and may protect the oocyte against oxidative stress during maturation at atmospheric oxygen conditions. Here, we assessed the effect of adding 0.2 μM lycopene (antioxidant), 5 μM menadione (pro-oxidant), and their combination on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in matured oocytes and the subsequent development, quality, and transcriptome of the blastocysts in a bovine in vitro model. ROS fluorescent intensity in matured oocytes was significantly lower in the lycopene group, and the resulting embryos showed a significantly higher blastocyst rate on day 8 and a lower apoptotic cell ratio than all other groups. Transcriptomic analysis disclosed a total of 296 differentially expressed genes (Benjamini–Hochberg-adjusted p < 0.05 and ≥ 1-log2-fold change) between the lycopene and control groups, where pathways associated with cellular function, metabolism, DNA repair, and anti-apoptosis were upregulated in the lycopene group. Lycopene supplementation to serum-free maturation medium neutralized excess ROS during maturation, enhanced blastocyst development and quality, and modulated the transcriptomic landscape