Smart Approach for Public Transport

This paper is to provide public a Smart Assistance in Public Transport System. The paper is to be implemented for public bus (for PMTs in Pune). It has the entire smart assistance system required for public security and safety. The smart system includes safety form rash driving as well. It has accident detection and monitoring facility. It also has user friendly application for user to track bus on smart their phones. The smart system designed has both online (GPS) and offline (GSM) for user friendly service. It allows user to save its time by acknowledging no. of persons present in the bus as well as no. of seats available in the bus along with the current and next stop acknowledgment with its arrival timings. It also has ramp facility for handicap people. The system also many additions feature to make public transport system an intelligent and easy to use system so that public can take smart advantage of it. The system is specially designed for Smart Cities as it\u27s the recent development plan

Knowledge and practices regarding pharmacoeconomics among resident doctors in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: With skyrocketing health care costs, even the essential care provided by the health care service providers need to be evaluated under the lens. The development of nationwide awareness of cost-benefit, cost-utility and cost-effectiveness of services is the need of the hour. The objectives of the present study were to assess the knowledge about pharmacoeconomics among resident doctors and to assess the clinical application of pharmacoeconomics among them.Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among resident doctors involving both interns and post-graduates of a teaching medical college. There were 20 questions; initial ten were for knowledge assessment and next ten questions assessed practical applications. Questions assessed the knowledge regarding components of pharmacoeconomics, direct and indirect medical costs, and application of pharmacoeconomics, local cost-effectiveness decisions and advantages of pharmacoeconomics.Results: Of the 118 participants who took part in the study, 42 were clinicians working in medical college hospital, 12 were clinicians working in dental college hospital, 24 medial postgraduates, 30 dental postgraduates and 10 interns. Nearly 90% of the respondents opine that concepts of pharmacoeconomics are not followed in every teaching hospital in India. Many participants (90%) opined that health economics and pharmacoeconomic are different. Nearly 94% of participants have not under gone any training regarding pharmacoeconomics. More than 95% respondents have opined that principles of pharmacoeconomics has to be introduced into current medial undergraduate curriculum.Conclusions: This study shows light on the knowledge and practices of resident doctors regarding principles of pharmacoeconomics. This study has revealed the level of awareness of younger generation regarding pharmacoeconomics

Analysis of prescription pattern of anemia in pregnancy: an observational, cross-sectional study

Background: Anemia is a major health problem that affects 25% to 50% of the population of the world and approximately 50% of pregnant women. This research on the use of prescription medicines in anemia during pregnancy remains critically important. Prescribing patterns of the drug in the pregnant women include age, trimester, gravid condition, US-FDA risk category, WHO core indicators.Methods: A prospective, cross sectional observational multicentric study was conducted in outpatient and inpatient departments of Indira Gandhi Hospital and Civil Hospital in Nasik, for period of 6 months. Ethical approval was taken prior to study from Independent ethics committee. A total of 197 patients were enrolled in the study. Inform consent form was obtained from the patients. After studying them; statistical analysis were done and result and conclusion were drawn.Results: Out of 197 women’s prescriptions, the average number of drug per prescription was 2.14. 27.28% drugs were prescribed there brand name and 72.72% by generic name. Iron, folic acid and calcium were prescribed to all pregnant women. The majority of the patients were prescribed category A and category C drugs. No patients were given category X drug.Conclusions: Nearly all prescription showed a prescribing practice for writing prophylactic iron and folic acid therapy in all pregnant women. No women was prescribed category X drug. Most of the drug prescribed in generics and thus, prescription pattern of our study set a fine example of prescribing behaviour

Aqua­{6,6′-dimeth­oxy-2,2′-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]diphenolato}(4-hydroxy­benzoato)manganese(III)

The title compound, [Mn(C18H18N2O4)(C7H5O3)(H2O)], was synthesized by a template reaction of ethane-1,2-diamine and 3-methoxy­salicylaldehyde in presence of manganese(II) 4-hydroxy­benzoate. The Jahn–Teller-distorted manganese(III) centre has an octa­hedral geometry. Extensive O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions generate a two-dimensional sheet structure parallel to (103)

Evaluation of the effects of the anti-retroviral drug regimen (zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine) on CD4 count, body weight, and Hb% of the HIV patients-a retrospective study

Abstract The main objective of study is to evaluate the effectiveness of triple drug therapy Zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine on cd 4 counts, weight and Hb% for the duration of 6 months. In this retrospective study, data was collected from the anti-retroviral therapy (ART) centre where 315 subjects infected with HIV received ZIDOVUDINE + LAMIVUDINE + NEVIRAPINE. Baseline and after 6 months of therapy; CD4 count, weight and Hb% were recorded and compared. Records with incomplete data were excluded. Statistical analysis was done using paired 't' test for body weight , Hb% and CD4 count.It was found that after 6 months of treatment, both CD4 count and body weight improved significantly(p value: 0.001). Whereas in case of haemoglobin %, even after the treatment period, no significant changes were observed in Hb % (p value: 0.227).It was concluded that ZLN regimen for treatment in HIV patient is efficacious in improving both CD4 count and body weight and not Hb%

A STUDY ON DRUG UTILIZATION EVALUATION AND POTENTIAL DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS IN TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH CO-MORBIDITIES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate prescribing pattern, analyze drug-related problems, identify co-morbidities and complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients and also to perform cost analysis of Biguanides, Sulfonylureas, Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitors Methods: A Prospective observational study was done in General Medicine and Endocrinology Departments of PSG Hospitals. A total of 200 study subjects, including both inpatients and outpatients, above 18 y of age, prescribed with OHAs (Biguanides, Sulfonylureas and DPP4 inhibitors) were included in the study. Results: Diabetes was more prevalent among males. OHAs were most prescribed in the age group of 51-60 y. Hypertension (71%) was the most common comorbidity and Diabetic neuropathy (23%) was the most common complication found in the patients. Multidrug therapy (72.5%) was most prescribed in diabetic patients, followed by Biguanides. Hypoglycemia was the most prevalent ADR. Cost analysis showed that T. Linagliptin was of high cost and T. Glimepiride being the low cost. Using WHO core indicators prescribing patterns were assessed. Feedback was collected and results were reported to the physicians which showed rational utilization of drugs. Conclusion: The study on drug utilization conducted in a tertiary care hospital helped us to find out that prescribing trends seems to be progressing towards combination therapy, predominantly two-drug therap

A cross sectional study of polycystic ovarian syndrome among pharmacy students

Polycystic ovarian syndrome [PCOS] is a common disorder, often complicated by chronic an ovulatory infertility and hyperandrogenism with the clinical manifestation of oligomenorrhoea, hirsutism and acne. The aim of this research is to evaluate polycystic ovarian syndrome which includes sign and symptoms, lifestyle and diet conditions along with their common treatment and self-medication practice for dysmenorrhea among pharmacy students, which are more prone to PCOS. A cross-sectional Questionnaire survey was conducted by online survey forms among pharmacy students in Ezhuthachan College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trivandrum. This study investigates the pattern of physical activity, daily dietary intake, the frequency of PCOS symptoms and other previously diagnosed diseases in normal women with and those having PCOS. In this study, most of the students were in the age of 22 [n=17]. About 23.5% of students had acne and it can be worsen during menstrual period. And also about 19.6% of students had hair loss, which are the main symptoms of PCOS. About 15.2% of students were engaged in regular exercise. The benefits of weight reduction in PCOS are well documented, and the use of meal replacements and structured dietary patterns with higher protein content and/or lower glycemic carbohydrates shows promise. Alternative dietary compositions increase the range of dietary options, and could also potentially lead to greater weight loss, maintenance of weight loss or greater improvements in reproductive and metabolic features of PCOS. However continued follow-up is required to sustain weight loss, and probably outweighs the effects of dietary composition

C-Reactive protein and risk of ESRD: results from the Trial to Reduce Cardiovascular Events With Aranesp Therapy (TREAT)

Background: To better understand a potential association of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level with progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), we examined the relationship of CRP level with the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the Trial to Reduce Cardiovascular Events With Aranesp Therapy (TREAT). Study Design Post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Setting & Participants: 4,038 patients with type 2 diabetes, CKD, and anemia in TREAT. Predictor: Baseline serum CRP concentrations. Outcomes: The primary outcome was development of ESRD; secondary outcomes included doubling of serum creatinine level, a composite of ESRD/serum creatinine doubling, and a composite of death or ESRD. Measurements: We fit unadjusted and adjusted Cox regression models to test the association of baseline CRP level with time to the development of the outcomes of interest. Results: Mean age of participants was 67 years, 43% were men, and 64% were white. Approximately half (48%) the patients had CRP levels > 3.0 mg/L; 668 patients developed ESRD, and 1,270 developed the composite outcome of death or ESRD. Compared with patients with baseline CRP levels ≤ 3.0 mg/L, those with moderately/markedly elevated CRP levels (≥6.9 mg/L; 24% of patients) had a higher adjusted risk for ESRD (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.07-1.63) and the composite outcome of death or ESRD (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.21-1.64). Although nonsignificant, similar trends were noted in competing-risk models. Limitations: Results may not be generalizable to nondiabetic CKD or diabetic CKD in the absence of anemia. Conclusions: Elevated baseline CRP levels are common in type 2 diabetic patients with anemia and CKD and are associated with the future development of ESRD and the composite of death or ESRD

Book of Abstracts & Success Stories National Conference on Marine Debris COMAD 2018

Marine debris has become a global problem with considerable threats to the habitat and to the functions of marine ecosystem. One of the first reports of large areas of plastics in the ocean has been by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1988 about the Great Pacific Garbage patch or the Pacific trash vortex, where the density of litter is estimated as four numbers per cubic meter. Globally, this shocking information led to initiation of new research programs on marine litter and in India, the ICAR-CMFRI started an in house research program on this theme in 2007.Understanding the significance of this ecological problem which is purely a direct impact of anthropogenic activity, the Marine Biological Association of India decided to organise a National Conference on Marine Debris (COMAD 2018 ) with an aim to bring together researchers, planners, NGOs, entrepreneurs and local governing bodies working on this theme. Thus, this conference was planned with three main componentsunderstand the research outputs, get first- hand information on the various activities carried out by the public to reduce or recycle non degradable waste generated at various levels and also to have an exhibition of eco-friendly activities and products which would help to reduce marine debris in the long run. The response to all the three themes has been very encouraging. We have received about 50 research articles on themes ranging from micro-plastics to ghost nets and the same number of success stories which are actually details of the diverse activities carried out in different maritime states of the country to solve the issue of solid waste generated in the country. The section on success stories includes attempts by eco-clubs, individuals, schools, colleges, local governing bodies, district administrations, Institutions and NGOs. Activities by some Panchayats like banning plastics in public functions and mechanisms to collect sold waste from households are really commendable. Similarly, the efforts put in by various groups to remove marine debris from the coastal waters is something which should be appreciated. The message from these success stories is that, this problem of increasing marine debris can be resolved. We have got success stories from almost all states and these leaders of clean campaign will be presenting their work in the conference. It is well known that visuals such as photographs and videos are powerful tools of communication. In COMAD 2018, we have provided an opportunity for all across the nation to contribute to this theme through photographs and videos. Am very happy that we have received more than 300 photographs and nearly 25 videos. The MBAI will place these on the web site. It is really shocking to see the quantity of litter in the fishing ground and in the coastal ecosystem