Cash, food, and vouchers reduce intimate partner violence in urban areas in Ecuador

This case study summarizes the impact of a short-term food, cash, and voucher program targeted to the urban poor in Northern Ecuador. The program led to a 30 percent reduction in physical and sexual IPV as well as a 19 percent reduction in controlling behaviors via decreases in marital conflict, increased family wellbeing, and women’s empowerment.Non-PRIFPRI1; G Cross-cutting gender theme; CRP2; Cash Transfer and Intimate Partner Violence Research CollaborativePHND; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM

Cash transfers and intimate partner violence: What does the evidence say?

Cash transfers are a popular tool to address poverty and food insecurity, but can they also reduce women’s risk of intimate partner violence?Non-PRIFPRI1; G Cross-cutting gender theme; CRP2; Cash Transfer and Intimate Partner Violence Research CollaborativePHND; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM

Cash transfers conditional on schooling reduce IPV among young women in South Africa

This case study summarizes the impact from a conditional cash transfer program targeted to girls of secondary school age in South Africa. The program led to a 34 percent reduction in intimate partner physical violence by allowing girls to avoid potential violent partnerships, as transfers delayed sexual debut and lowered their number of sexual partners.Non-PRIFPRI1; G Cross-cutting gender theme; CRP2; Cash Transfer and Intimate Partner Violence Research CollaborativePIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM

Food and cash transfers coupled with nutrition behavior change communication lead to sustained reductions in intimate partner violence in Bangladesh

This case study from Bangladesh summarizes findings from a transfer program that—when paired with nutrition behavior change communication (BCC)—led to a 26 percent reduction in physical IPV that was sustained after the program ended. Pathways of impact include increases in women’s bargaining power, social interactions, and visibility, and decreases in poverty and poverty-related stress.Non-PRIFPRI1; CRP2; G Cross-cutting gender theme; Cash Transfer and Intimate Partner Violence Research CollaborativePHND; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM

Preventing RA - What treatments do people at risk of rheumatoid arthritis prefer?

Rheumatoid arthritis, often referred to as RA, is a long-term condition that mainly affects the joints. RA causes pain, swelling, stiffness and often fatigue. If patients are not treated, their joints can suffer permanent damage, which can lead to disability. Having RA can also lead to other conditions, for example inflammation in other parts of the body like the lungs, heart or eyes. Most patients need long-term treatment with medicines that come with the risk of side effects that can be serious. This case study was conducted within the PREFER project

Literature Review: Democracy and Human Rights in contemporary Latin America (2015-2020) Trends, challenges, and prospects

Abstract Through a review of scholarly and other well-informed articles as well as media reports, this CMI Report aims to summarize discussions on challenges for democracy and human rights in Latin America during the last half-decade. The region faces a highly difficult economic outlook, consisting of low commodity prices and stagnant growth, threatening a historic backlash in the access to basic goods (including food) and services (not least health). The coronavirus pandemic may have a completely devastating effect on Latin American societies. After the end of the “pink tide”, the survey registers a regional democratic decline, breakdown of democratic systems in some countries and more widespread concerns of democratic erosion; electoral success for anti-incumbent candidates but also a rise of youth protest and fundamental political reform claims. While the human rights agenda has expanded tremendously, a current trend is that fundamental political rights may be endangered. There are serious threats to security and the right to life, and an increasing authoritarian trend (most visible in Venezuela, Nicaragua, Brazil, and El Salvador). Cuba, here treated as a special case, finds itself at a critical juncture, right before the definitive end of the Castro era, leaving the fundamental challenge for younger generations to prepare for a soft landing or risking a full regime collapse. Geopolitical rivalry between the US, China, and Russia leaves a particular responsibility to Europe to facilitate conflict resolution and peacemaking as well as resolution

PREFER case studies on rheumatoid arthritis

In this webinar, insights will be shared on two patient preference studies focusing on treatments for Rheumatoid Arthritis and treatments to prevent Rheumatoid Arthritis. Their design, the results, potential impact and how we worked with patient research partners to develop these studies and the impact of this collaboration. Rheumatoid arthritis (sometimes called “RA”) is a long term condition that mainly affects the joints and causes pain, swelling, stiffness and often fatigue. RA is fairly common and affects around 1% of the population. In most cases, patients begin having symptoms between 40 to 60 years of age, but it can also begin earlier, or later in life

ANMCO/SIC/SICI-GISE/SICCH Executive Summary of Consensus Document on Risk Stratification in elderly patients with aortic stenosis before surgery or transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Aortic stenosis is one of the most frequent valvular diseases in developed countries, and its impact on public health resources and assistance is increasing. A substantial proportion of elderly people with severe aortic stenosis is not eligible to surgery because of the advanced age, frailty, and multiple co-morbidities. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) enables the treatment of very elderly patients at high or prohibitive surgical risk considered ineligible for surgery and with an acceptable life expectancy. However, a significant percentage of patients die or show no improvement in quality of life (QOL) in the follow-up. In the decision-making process, it is important to determine: (i) whether and how much frailty of the patient influences the risk of procedures; (ii) how the QOL and the individual patient's survival are influenced by aortic valve disease or from other associated conditions; and (iii) whether a geriatric specialist intervention to evaluate and correct frailty or other diseases with their potential or already manifest disabilities can improve the outcome of surgery or TAVI. Consequently, in addition to risk stratification with conventional tools, a number of factors including multi-morbidity, disability, frailty, and cognitive function should be considered, in order to assess the expected benefit of both surgery and TAVI. The pre-operative optimization through a multidisciplinary approach with a Heart Team can counteract the multiple damage (cardiac, neurological, muscular, respiratory, and kidney) that can potentially aggravate the reduced physiological reserves characteristic of frailty. The systematic application in clinical practice of multidimensional assessment instruments of frailty and cognitive function in the screening and the adoption of specific care pathways should facilitate this task

Dementia caregiving across Latin America and the Caribbean and brain health diplomacy

The prevalence of dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean is growing rapidly, increasing the burden placed on caregivers. Exacerbated by fragile health-care systems, unstable economies, and extensive inequalities, caregiver burden in this region is among the highest in the world. We reviewed the major challenges to caregiving in Latin America and the Caribbean, and we propose regional and coordinated actions to drive future change. Current challenges include the scarcity of formal long-term care, socioeconomic and social determinants of health disparities, gender-biased burdens, growing dementia prevalence, and the effect of the current COVID-19 pandemic on families affected by dementia. Firstly, we propose local and regional short-term strategic recommendations, including systematic identification of specific caregiver needs, testing of evidence-based local interventions, contextual adaptation of strategies to different settings and cultures, countering gender bias, strengthening community support, provision of basic technology, and better use of available information and communications technology. Additionally, we propose brain health diplomacy (ie, global actions aimed to overcome the systemic challenges to brain health by bridging disciplines and sectors) and convergence science as frameworks for long-term coordinated responses, integrating tools, knowledge, and strategies to expand access to digital technology and develop collaborative models of care. Addressing the vast inequalities in dementia caregiving across Latin America and the Caribbean requires innovative, evidence-based solutions coordinated with the strengthening of public policies.Fil: Ibañez, Agustin Mariano. University of California; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Adolfo Ibañez; Chile. Universidad de San Andrés; ArgentinaFil: Pina Escudero, Stefanie Danielle. University of California; Estados Unidos. Universidad de Dublin; IrlandaFil: Possin, Katherine L.. University of California; Estados Unidos. Universidad de Dublin; IrlandaFil: Quiroz, Yakeel T.. Harvard Medical School. Department of Medicine. Massachusetts General Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Peres, Fernando Aguzzoli. University of California; Estados Unidos. Universidad de Dublin; IrlandaFil: Slachevsky, Andrea. Universidad de Chile; Chile. Universidad del Desarrollo; ChileFil: Sosa, Ana Luisa. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suaréz; MéxicoFil: Brucki, Sonia M. D.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Miller, Bruce L.. University of California; Estados Unidos. Universidad de Dublin; Irland

Granulocytes Impose a Tight Bottleneck upon the Gut Luminal Pathogen Population during Salmonella Typhimurium Colitis

10.1371/journal.ppat.1004557PLoS Pathogens1012Jan-1