A methodology for constructing fuzzy rule based classification systems

In this paper, a methodology to obtain a set of fuzzy rules for classification systems is presented. The system is represented in a layered fuzzy network, in which the links from input to hidden nodes represents the antecedents of the rules, and the consequents are represented by links from hidden to output nodes. Specific genetic algorithms are used in two phases to extract the rules. In the first phase an initial version of the rules is extracted, and in second one, the labels are refined. The procedure is illustrated by applying it to two real-world classification problem

Consumption of aspartame and other artificial sweeteners and risk of cancer in the Spanish multicase-control study (MCC-Spain)

The study was partially funded by the “Accion Transversal del Cancer”, approved on the Spanish Ministry Council on the 11th October 2007, by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PS09/00773-Cantabria, PS09/01286-León, PS09/01903-Valencia, PS09/02078-Huelva, PS09/01662-Granada, PI11/01403, PI11/01889-FEDER, PI11/00226, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI12/00150, PI14/01219, PI14/0613, PI15/00069, PI15/00914, PI15/01032, PI17CIII/00034), by the Fundaci on Marqués de Valdecilla (API 10/09), by the ICGC International Cancer Genome Consor- tium CLL (The ICGC CLL-Genome Project is funded by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad [MINECO] through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III [ISCIII] and Red Temática de Investigaci on del Cáncer [RTICC] del ISCIII [RD12/0036/0036]), by the Junta de Castilla y Le on (LE22A10-2), by the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía (PI-0571-2009, PI-0306-2011, salud201200057018tra), by the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (AP_061/10), by the Recercaixa (2010ACUP 00310), by the Regional Government of the Basque Country, by the Consejería de Sanidad de la Regi on de Murcia, by the European Commission grants FOOD-CT-2006-036224-HIWATE, by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation, by the Catalan Government-Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) grants 2017SGR723, 2014SGR850, 2017SGR1085, 2021SGR01354 by the Fundaci on Caja de Ahorros de Asturias and by the University of Oviedo. ISGlobal acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023” Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. Anna Palomar-Cros is supported by a MINECO (Spanish Ministry of Econ- omy) fellowship (PRE2019-089038). Camille Lassale is supported by a Ramon y Cajal Fellowship RYC2020-029599 funded by MCIN (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) and EI FSE “Invest in your future”.Use of artificial sweeteners (AS) such as aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin and sucralose is widespread. We evaluated the association of use of aspartame and other AS with cancer. In total 1881 colorectal, 1510 breast, 972 prostate and 351 stomach cancer and 109 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cases and 3629 population controls from the Spanish Multicase-Control (MCC-Spain) study were recruited (2008-2013). The consumption of AS, from table-top sweeteners and artificially sweetened beverages, was assessed through a self-administered and validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Sex-specific quartiles among controls were determined to compare moderate consumers (<third quartile) and high consumers (≥ third quartile) vs non consumers (reference category), distinguishing aspartame-containing products and other AS. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted OR and 95%CI, and results were stratified by diabetes status. Overall, we found no associations between the consumption of aspartame or other AS and cancer. Among participants with diabetes, high consumption of other AS was associated with colorectal cancer (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.05-2.41, P trend = .03) and stomach cancer (OR = 2.27 [0.99-5.44], P trend = .06). High consumption of aspartame, was associated with stomach cancer (OR = 2.04 [0.7-5.4], P trend = .05), while a lower risk was observed for breast cancer (OR = 0.28 [0.08-0.83], P trend = .03). In some cancers, the number of cases in participants with diabetes were small and results should be interpreted cautiously. We did not find associations between use of AS and cancer, but found associations between high consumption of aspartame and other AS and different cancer types among participants with diabetes.AGAUR 2014SGR850, 2017SGR1085, 2017SGR723, 2021SGR01354Catalan Government‐Agency for Management of University and Research GrantsCentro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019‐2023Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía PI‐0306‐2011Consejería de Sanidad de la Región de MurciaRegional Government of the Basque CountryConselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana 2010ACUP 00310, AP_061/10EI FSEEuropean Commission grants FOOD-CT- 2006-036224-HIWATEFundación Caja de Ahorros de AsturiasFundación Marqués de Valdecilla API 10/09Generalitat de CatalunyaICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium CLLInstituto de Salud Carlos III‐FEDER PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PI08/1770, PI11/00226, PI11/01403, PI11/01810, PI11/01889, PI11/02213, PI12/00150, PI12/00265, PI12/00488, PI12/00715, PI12/01270, PI14/01219, PI14/0613, PI15/00069, PI15/00914, PI15/01032, PI17CIII/00034, PS09/00773, PS09/01286, PS09/01662, PS09/02078Junta de Castilla y León LE22A10‐2MCINMINECORTICC RD12/0036/0036Red Temática de Investigación del CáncerSpanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific FoundationSpanish Ministry of Economy PRE2019‐089038Spanish Ministry of Science and InnovationUniversity of Ovied

The k-ary n-direct s-indirect family of topologies for large-scale interconnection networks

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1640-zIn large-scale supercomputers, the interconnection network plays a key role in system performance. Network topology highly defines the performance and cost of the interconnection network. Direct topologies are sometimes used due to its reduced hardware cost, but the number of network dimensions is limited by the physical 3D space, which leads to an increase of the communication latency and a reduction of network throughput for large machines. Indirect topologies can provide better performance for large machines, but at higher hardware cost. In this paper, we propose a new family of hybrid topologies, the k-ary n-direct s-indirect, that combines the best features from both direct and indirect topologies to efficiently connect an extremely high number of processing nodes. The proposed network is an n-dimensional topology where the k nodes of each dimension are connected through a small indirect topology of s stages. This combination results in a family of topologies that provides high performance, with latency and throughput figures of merit close to indirect topologies, but at a lower hardware cost. In particular, it doubles the throughput obtained per cost unit compared with indirect topologies in most of the cases. Moreover, their fault-tolerance degree is similar to the one achieved by direct topologies built with switches with the same number of ports.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economa y Competitividad (MINECO) and by FEDER funds under Grant TIN2012-38341-C04-01 and by Programa de Ayudas de Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID) from Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Peñaranda Cebrián, R.; Gómez Requena, C.; Gómez Requena, ME.; López Rodríguez, PJ.; Duato Marín, JF. (2016). The k-ary n-direct s-indirect family of topologies for large-scale interconnection networks. Journal of Supercomputing. 72(3):1035-1062. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1640-z10351062723Connect-IB. http://www.mellanox.com/related-docs/prod_adapter_cards/PB_Connect-IB.pdf . Accessed 3 Feb 2016Mellanox store. http://www.mellanoxstore.com . Accessed 3 Feb 2016Mellanox technology. http://www.mellanox.com . Accessed 3 Feb 2016Myricom. http://www.myri.com . Accessed 3 Feb 2016Quadrics homepage. http://www.quadrics.com . Accessed 22 Sept 2008TOP500 supercomputer site. http://www.top500.org . Accessed 3 Feb 2016Balkan A, Qu G, Vishkin U (2009) Mesh-of-trees and alternative interconnection networks for single-chip parallelism. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr(VLSI) Syst 17(10):1419–1432. doi: 10.1109/TVLSI.2008.2003999Bermudez Garzon D, Gomez ME, Lopez P, Duato J, Gomez C (2014) FT-RUFT: a performance and fault-tolerant efficient indirect topology. In: 22nd Euromicro international conference on parallel, distributed and network-based processing (PDP). IEEE, pp 405–409Bhandarkar SM, Arabnia HR (1995) The Hough transform on a reconfigurable multi-ring network. J Parallel Distrib Comput 24(1):107–114Boku T, Nakazawa K, Nakamura H, Sone T, Mishima T, Itakura K (1996) Adaptive routing technique on hypercrossbar network and its evaluation. Syst Comput Jpn 27(4):55–64Dally W, Towles B (2004) Principles and practices of interconnection networks. Morgan Kaufmann, San FranciscoDas R, Eachempati S, Mishra A, Narayanan V, Das C (2009) Design and evaluation of a hierarchical on-chip interconnect for next-generation CMPs. In: IEEE 15th international symposium on high performance computer architecture (HPCA’09), pp 175–186. doi: 10.1109/HPCA.2009.4798252Mahdaly AI, Mouftah HT, Hanna NN (1990) Topological properties of WK-recursive networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE workshop on future trends of distributed computing systems, pp 374–380. doi: 10.1109/FTDCS.1990.138349Duato J (1996) A necessary and sufficient condition for deadlock-free routing in cut-through and store-and-forward networks. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 7:841–854. doi: 10.1109/71.532115Duato J, Yalamanchili S, Lionel N (2002) Interconnection networks: an engineering approach. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., USAFlich J, Malumbres M, López P, Duato J (2000) Improving routing performance in Myrinet networks. In: International on parallel and distributed processing symposium, p 27. doi: 10.1109/IPDPS.2000.845961García M, Beivide R, Camarero C, Valero M, Rodríguez G, Minkenberg C (2015) On-the-fly adaptive routing for dragonfly interconnection networks. J Supercomput 71(3):1116–1142Gómez C, Gilabert F, Gómez M, López P, Duato J (2007) Deterministic versus adaptive routing in fat-trees. In: IEEE international on parallel and distributed processing symposium (IPDPS’07), pp 1–8. doi: 10.1109/IPDPS.2007.370482Gómez C, Gilabert F, Gómez M, López P, Duato J (2008) RUFT: simplifying the fat-tree topology. In: 14th IEEE international conference on parallel and distributed systems (ICPADS’08), pp 153–160. doi: 10.1109/ICPADS.2008.44Guo C, Lu G, Li D, Wu H, Zhang X, Shi Y, Tian C, Zhang Y, Lu S (2009) BCube: a high performance, server-centric network architecture for modular data centers. In: SIGCOMM ’09: proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 conference on data communication. ACM, New York, pp 63–74. doi: 10.1145/1592568.1592577 . http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/23a5da89fbf099e3c70f4559ab38082c5/chesteve . Accessed 22 Sept 2008Gupta A, Dally W (2006) Topology optimization of interconnection networks. Comput Arch Lett 5(1):10–13. doi: 10.1109/L-CA.2006.8Kim J, Dally W, Abts D (2007) Flattened butterfly: a cost-efficient topology for high-radix networks. In: Proceedings of the 34th annual international symposium on computer architecture (ISCA’07). ACM, New York, pp 126–137. doi: 10.1145/1250662.1250679Kim J, Dally W, Scott S, Abts D (2008) Technology-driven, highly-scalable dragonfly topology. In: Proceedings of the 35th annual international symposium on computer architecture (ISCA’08). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, pp 77–88. doi: 10.1109/ISCA.2008.19Leighton F (1992) Introduction to parallel algorithms and architectures: arrays, trees, hypercubes v. 1. M. Kaufmann Publishers, San FranciscoLeiserson CE (1985) Fat-trees: universal networks for hardware-efficient supercomputing. IEEE Trans Comput 34(10):892–901Matsutani H, Koibuchi M, Amano H (2007) Performance, cost, and energy evaluation of fat H-tree: a cost-efficient tree-based on-chip network. In: IEEE international on parallel and distributed processing symposium (IPDPS’07), pp 1–10. doi: 10.1109/IPDPS.2007.370271Rahmati D, Kiasari A, Hessabi S, Sarbazi-Azad H (2006) A performance and power analysis of wk-recursive and mesh networks for network-on-chips. In: International conference on computer design (ICCD’06), pp 142–147. doi: 10.1109/ICCD.2006.4380807Towles B, Dally WJ (2002) Worst-case traffic for oblivious routing functions. In: Proceedings of the fourteenth annual ACM symposium on parallel algorithms and architectures (SPAA’02). ACM, New York, pp 1–8. doi: 10.1145/564870.564872Yang Y, Funahashi A, Jouraku A, Nishi H, Amano H, Sueyoshi T (2001) Recursive diagonal torus: an interconnection network for massively parallel computers. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 12(7):701–715. doi: 10.1109/71.94074

A Family of Fault-Tolerant Efficient Indirect Topologies

© 2016 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.On the one hand, performance and fault-tolerance of interconnection networks are key design issues for high performance computing (HPC) systems. On the other hand, cost should be also considered. Indirect topologies are often chosen in the design of HPC systems. Among them, the most commonly used topology is the fat-tree. In this work, we focus on getting the maximum benefits from the network resources by designing a simple indirect topology with very good performance and fault-tolerance properties, while keeping the hardware cost as low as possible. To do that, we propose some extensions to the fat-tree topology to take full advantage of the hardware resources consumed by the topology. In particular, we propose three new topologies with different properties in terms of cost, performance and fault-tolerance. All of them are able to achieve a similar or better performance results than the fat-tree, providing also a good level of fault-tolerance and, contrary to most of the available topologies, these proposals are able to tolerate also faults in the links that connect to end nodes.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and by FEDER funds under Grant TIN2012-38341-C04-01.Bermúdez Garzón, DF.; Gómez Requena, C.; Gómez Requena, ME.; López Rodríguez, PJ.; Duato Marín, JF. (2016). A Family of Fault-Tolerant Efficient Indirect Topologies. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems. 27(4):927-940. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2015.2430863S92794027

Perinatal and Maternal Outcomes According to the Accurate Term Antepartum Ultrasound Estimation of Extreme Fetal Weights

(1) Background: The accuracy of ultrasound estimation of fetal weight (EFW) at term may be useful in addressing obstetric complications since birth weight (BW) is a parameter that represents an important prognostic factor for perinatal and maternal morbidity. (2) Methods: In a retrospective cohort study of 2156 women with a singleton pregnancy, it is verified whether or not perinatal and maternal morbidity differs between extreme BWs estimated at term by ultrasound within the seven days prior to birth with Accurate EFW (difference < 10% between EFW and BW) and those with Non-Accurate EFW (difference ≥ 10% between EFW and BW). (3) Results: Significantly worse perinatal outcomes (according to different variables such as higher rate of arterial pH at birth < 7.20, higher rate of 1-min Apgar < 7, higher rate of 5-min Apgar < 7, higher grade of neonatal resuscitation and need for admission to the neonatal care unit) were found for extreme BW estimated by antepartum ultrasounds with Non-Accurate EFW compared with those with Accurate EFW. This was the case when extreme BWs were compared according to percentile distribution by sex and gestational age following the national reference growth charts (small for gestational age and large for gestational age), and when they were compared according to weight range (low birth weight and high birth weight). (4) Conclusions: Clinicians should make a greater effort when performing EFW by ultrasound at term in cases of suspected extreme fetal weights, and need to take an increasingly prudent approach to its management

Antibiotic resistances of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in urine cultures: experience in a hospital of Southeast Spain

The objectives of this study were to perform a systematic review of publications between 2010 and 2021 on the antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii from urinary tract infections and to analyze changes over time in hospital urine cultures from 2016 through 2021. The literature was searched, and a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in the hospital. Out of 21 838 positive urine cultures, 3.86% were due to P. aeruginosa and 0.44% were due to A. baumannii. For P. aeruginosa, lower resistance rates were observed to virtually all tested antibiotics than were obtained in the systematic review, and the present series of hospital samples showed an in vitro resistance rate <10% to ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, tobramycin, and colistin. For A. baumannii, the resistance rates to almost all antibiotics were higher in the present series than in the systematic review, being lowest to colistin (10%). Both microorganisms show reduced in vitro susceptibility to some antibiotics during the years of the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to previous years. In our setting, both piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem can be recommended for the empirical treatment of UTIs by P. aeruginosa, whereas only colistin can be recommended for UTIs by A. baumannii.Universidad de Granada/CBU

Perfil del profesorado universitario que emplea un enfoque docente centrado en el alumnado

Los enfoques de enseñanza a los que recurren los docentes universitarios determinan su forma de afrontar el proceso educativo y su figura como docentes. Éstos pueden ser de dos tipos, centrado en el profesorado/transmisión de la información y centrado en el alumnado/cambio conceptual. El objetivo de esta investigación es dibujar el perfil del profesor universitario según el enfoque docente más empleado. Con este fin, se aplicó el cuestionario ATI (2004) a un total de 501 docentes universitarios de la Región de Murcia. Los resultados muestran que el enfoque centrado en el alumnado es el más empleado entre las profesoras que han recibido formación didáctica, de menor edad o años de experiencia, preferiblemente de la rama de arte o humanidades y ciencias sociales y jurídicas y dependiendo del tipo de universidad a la que pertenece. De este modo, es posible detectar las variables que determinan el uso de este enfoque, en detrimento del anterior, y como consecuencia, las áreas donde es más necesario trabajar para hacer posible el cambio

Antibiotic Resistances of Enterobacteriaceae with Chromosomal Ampc in Urine Cultures: Review and Experience of a Spanish Hospital

The Enterobacteriaceae Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella aerogenes, Morganella morganii, Providencia stuartii, and Serratia marcescens (CESPM group) produce numerous urinary tract infections (UTIs) which are difficult to treat due to their high multiresistance rate. The objectives of this study were to carry out a systematic review of antibiotic resistances by UTIs and to determine changes over time in urine cultures from a reference hospital in southern Spain. The literature was searched for European data on the resistance rates of each microorganism, and a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in samples with suspicion of UTI from patients in Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital (Granada, Spain) between 2016 and the first half of 2021. Among 21,838 positive urine cultures, 1.85% were caused by E. cloacae, 0.77% by M. Morganii, 0.65% by K. aerogenes, 0.46% by C. freundii, 0.29% by P stuartii, and 0.25% by S. marcescens. The lowest resistance rates by microorganism were: E. cloacae to amikacin (3.47%) and imipenem (5.28%); M. morganii to piperacillin–tazobactam (1.79%), cefepime (4.76%), and tobramycin (7.74%); K. aerogenes to tobramycin (3.55%), gentamicin (4.25%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (4.96%), imipenem (5.75%), and cefepime (6.43%); C. freundii to imipenem (no resistance), nitrofurantoin (1.96%), fosfomycin (2.80%), and ertapenem (6.12%); P. stuartii to cefepime (3.28%) and ceftazidime (3.28%); and S. marcescens to gentamicin (1.8%), ciprofloxacin (3.64%), cefepime (3.70%), piperacillin–tazobactam (3.70%), and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (5.45%). In our setting, CESMP Enterobacteriaceae showed the lowest resistance to piperacillin–tazobactam, cefepime, imipenem, gentamicin, and colistin, which can therefore be recommended for the empirical treatment of UTIs. The COVID-19 pandemic may have had a clinical impact in relation to the increased resistance of E. cloacae and M. morgani to some antibiotics

Segment Switching: A New Switching Strategy for Optical HPC Networks

[EN] Photonics are becoming realistic technologies for implementing interconnection networks in near future Exascale supercomputer systems. Photonics present key features to design high-performance and scalable supercomputer networks, such as higher bandwidth and lower latencies than their electronic supercomputer networks counterparts. Some research work is focused on conventional network topologies built with photonic technologies, with the aim of taking advantage of photonic characteristics. Nevertheless, these approaches fail in that they keep low the network utilization. We looked into this downside and we found that circuit switching was the main performance limitation. In this article we propose a new switching mechanism, called Segment Switching, to address this constraint and improve the network utilization. Segment Switching splits the circuit in segments of the whole path, and uses buffering on selected nodes on the network. Experimental results show that the devised approach signicantly outperforms photonic circuit switching in conventional torus and fat tree networks by 70% and 90%, respectively.This work was supported in part by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades and in part by the European ERDF under Grant RTI2018-098156-B-C51.Duro, J.; Petit Martí, SV.; Gómez Requena, ME.; Sahuquillo Borrás, J. (2021). Segment Switching: A New Switching Strategy for Optical HPC Networks. IEEE Access. 9:43095-43106. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3058135S4309543106

Sequence analysis of the 3-untranslated region of HSP70 (type I) genes in the genus Leishmania: Its usefulness as a molecular marker for species identification

Background: The Leishmaniases are a group of clinically diverse diseases caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. To distinguish between species is crucial for correct diagnosis and prognosis as well as for treatment decisions. Recently, sequencing of the HSP70 coding region has been applied in phylogenetic studies and for identifying of Leishmania species with excellent results. Methods: In the present study, we analyzed the 3-untranslated region (UTR) of Leishmania HSP70-type I gene from 24 strains representing eleven Leishmania species in the belief that this non-coding region would have a better discriminatory capacity for species typing than coding regions. Results: It was observed that there was a remarkable degree of sequence conservation in this region, evenbetween species of the subgenus Leishmania and Viannia. In addition, the presence of many microsatellites was a common feature of the 3-UTR of HSP70-I genes in the Leishmania genus. Finally, we constructed dendrograms based on global sequence alignments of the analyzed Leishmania species and strains, the results indicated that this particular region of HSP70 genes might be useful for species (or species complex) typing, improving for particular species the discrimination capacity of phylogenetic trees based on HSP70 coding sequences. Given the large size variation of the analyzed region between the Leishmania and Viannia subgenera, direct visualization of the PCR amplification product would allow discrimination between subgenera, and a HaeIII-PCR-RFLP analysis might be used for differentiating some species within each subgenera. Conclusions: Sequence and hylogenetic analyses indicated that this region, which is readily amplified using a single pair of primers from both Old and New World Leishmania species, might be useful as a molecular marker for species discrimination. © 2012 Requena et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (BFU2009-08986); Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (ISCIII-RETIC RD06/0021/0008-FEDER and ISCIII-RETIC RD06/0021/0009-FEDER); Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID, A/024740/09); Fundación Ramón ArecesPeer Reviewe