Internet Intermediaries Liability: Participative Networking Platforms and Harmful Content

This paper proposes a new conceptual approach to the issue of Internet Service Intermediaries’ (ISIs) liability by classifying these agents into Authority Gatekeepers and Micro-Gatekeepers. This classification aims to give a better understanding of ISIs role on the new online chain of communication and their responsibility for harmful content created by third parties. This paper analyses from a critical perspective how legal sources have addressed the liability of one type of ISIs, Platform Networked Providers (PNP) such as Facebook, for harmful digital communications and proposes a new way to deal with this problem in order to balance Freedom of Expression and effectively deterring harmful speech

Implementation of a low cost prototype for electrical impedance tomography based on the integrated circuit for body composition measurement AFE4300

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a technique of image reconstruction of the electrical conductivity distribution in a tissue or region under observation. An electrical system for EIT comprises complex hardware and software modules, which are designed for a specific application which requires that the system to be able to detect conductivity variations within the study object. The Front-End for body composition measurement, AFE4300 from Texas Instruments allows a minimal implementation of an electrical impedance tomography system. It is the main device in the development of the EIT system presented in this paper, this device injects the current signal and measures the tensions generated on the study region boundary by 8 electrodes, the image reconstruction software was developed on the National Instruments platform Labview. The system includes a microcontroller PIC16F886 to configure the 8 channels for the definition of the patterns of injection and measurement of signals, also defines the current signal frequency and the bluetooth communication with the computer for the image reconstruction. The developed system was validated by a planar resistive phantom (CardiffEIT phantom), obtaining a stable voltage measurement every 50 ms per pair of electrodes, and a signal to noise ratio (SNR) maximum of 71.8 dB, for a current signal of 50 kHz. Additionally, tests were carried out in a saline tank with a concentration of 4 g/L, the developed system can simultaneously estimate the presence of conductive and non-conductive disturbances into the tank. CopyrightPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

El cuidado de enfermería: una visión integradora en tiempos de crisis

Nowadays, there exist several organizations of humanitarian movements all over the world which try to fight against the dehumanization expressions; however there still exists the presence of situations which are the reasons of pain in the world. That is why we must construct a better and civilized world in which people worries about the quality of life instead of accumulating statistical numbers .Care is a common feature of all human beings. Therefore, human care is recognized as a universal concept, inherent in humanity. Heidegger, the philosopher for excellence of care, recognizes that this is "an ontological constitution that is always underlying to all what the human beings begin, project and make." Nursing as a profession of social nature tries that its staff , under an humanistic perspective , helps the person interested in care to reinforce his /her abilities and /or to minimize imbalances in her /his state of health .That is why it recognizes the human beings as a complex , mysterious and structured in several dimensions being that range from the organic to the spiritual, from the tangible to the intangible , including the social and historical aspect , which defines it as a being of permanent relationships with himself and the world. Under this point of view, nursing tries to recognize that the cared person is a unique entity which has attributes such as: awareness, intellect, dignity, emotions, feelings and knowledge. Therefore, the nursing care assumes a comprehensive and humanistic dimension of the human being whose subjectivity is structured by his experiences ,meanings , feelings , emotions , intuitions ,and reasoning .Existen diversas organizaciones y movimientos humanitarios a nivel mundial que tratan de luchar contra las expresiones de deshumanización, sin embargo continúa la presencia de situaciones que son causas de dolor en el mundo, por lo que debemos constituir una sociedad para que el mundo sea civilizado, vivir por la calidad de vida y no por acumular cifras estadísticas. El cuidado es una característica común de todos los seres vivos. Por consiguiente, el cuidado humano se  reconoce como un concepto universal, inherente a la humanidad. Heidegger,  el filósofo por excelencia del cuidado, reconoce que éste  es “una constitución ontológica, siempre subyacente a todo lo que el ser humano emprende, proyecta y hace”. Enfermería como profesión de naturaleza social intenta que su personal, bajo una óptica humanista, ayude a la persona solicitante  del cuidado a reforzar  potencialidades y/o minimizar desequilibrios en su estado de salud, por ello reconoce al ser humano como  un ser complejo, misterioso, estructurado por  diversas dimensiones que van de lo orgánico a lo espiritual, de lo tangible  a lo intangible; con inclusión del  aspecto social e histórico, que lo define como un ser de interrelaciones permanentes consigo mismo y el mundo. Bajo esta perspectiva, en enfermería, se procura reconocer que la persona cuidada es una entidad única, poseedora de atributos: conciencia, intelecto, dignidad, emociones, sentimientos y saberes,  por lo tanto, el cuidado en enfermería  asume una dimensión humanista y comprensiva  del ser, cuya subjetividad está estructurada por sus vivencias y significados, sentimientos, emociones, intuiciones, razonamientos.

Jugando el arte, cuidar de s? en y desde la infancia del alma

131 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl presente trabajo, es el resultado, de los diversos talleres y actividades desarrollados en la pasant?a con el Banco de la Rep?blica en la sala infantil de la Biblioteca Dar?o Echand?a, todos tienen como fin, estimular los h?bitos de lectura desde la concepci?n l?dica y deportiva del arte, desde el enfoque del juego, como el juego mismo de vivir. La prioridad para los talleres, fue dar mayor cobertura y lanzar propuestas novedosas que lograran atraer la atenci?n tanto de los usuarios de la biblioteca, como de la comunidad entera y sus pueblos aleda?os. Palabras Claves: Juego, Vocaci?n, Arte, Infancia, Ni?o, Biblioteca, Vida.This current work is the result of a number of worshops and activities developed during the intership with the Banco de la rep?blica at the children?s room of Dar?o Echand?a library, in order to stimulate Reading habits from the playful and sportive conception of art and the game approach like living as a game as well. The priority of the workshops is to provide coverage and launch innovated proposals aimed to get the attention of library users, a wider community and the surrounding villages. Keywords: Game, Vocation, Art, Infancy, Child, Library, Life

Litostratigrafia do Jurássico Inferior da região de S. Pedro de Moel (Bacia Lusitânica, Portugal)

O Jurássico da região de S. Pedro de Moel constitui uma importante referência no estudo da Bacia Lusitânica. Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma caracterização litostratigráfica das unidades carbonatadas do Jurássico Inferior aflorantes neste sector da bacia, apoiada num novo esboço cartográfico. Em S. Pedro de Moel definem-se as Formações de Coimbra, Água de Madeiros, Vale das Fontes, Lemede e S. Gião, totalizando o intervalo compreendido entre o Sinemuriano Inferior e o Toarciano Médio. As três primeiras unidades mostram um registo estratigráfico muito completo, enquanto as duas mais recentes afloram de forma limitada, em consequência da intensa fracturação existente na região. [ABSTRACT]: The Jurassic in S. Pedro de Moel area is an important reference for the study of the Lusitanian Basin. In this work a lithostratigraphic characterization of the Lower Jurassic carbonate units that crop out in this sector of the basin is presented. This is supported by a new cartographic framework. In S. Pedro de Moel, the Coimbra, Água de Madeiros, Vale das Fontes, Lemede and S. Gião Formations are defined, comprising the Lower Sinemurian to Middle Toarcian interval. Whereas the first three formations show a very complete stratigraphical record, the latter two units are very poorly exposed, as a consequence of the intense tectonic activity in this area

Clinicopathologic study on the effects of Glyphosate (Roundup?) at sublethal levels in a murine experimental model

P?ginas 17-24Recurso Electr?nicoEn Colombia, los pesticidas a base de glifosato se usan para el control de malezas en la agricultura y erradicaci?n de cultivos il?citos. Sin embargo, los efectos t?xicos en animales y humanos expuestos a dosis subletales son desconocidos. Este estudio evalu? los efectos cl?nico-patol?gicos de dietas con 7,5 ppm y 15 ppm glifosato en ratones Mus musculus gestantes, usando el herbicida Roundup?. Se registr? el peso corporal de las hembras, de sus cr?as, y la viabilidad de las camadas diariamente. Las lesiones macrosc?picas e histopatol?gicas en el h?gado, ri??n, ?tero y cerebro se determinaron a trav?s de necropsias en los d?as 5, 30 y 45 despu?s de la exposici?n, adem?s de los ?ndices org?nicos hep?tico y cardiaco. No hubo diferencias significativas en el peso corporal, el tama?o y la viabilidad de las camadas a ninguna de las dosis evaluadas. Se observ? congesti?n y aumento en el tama?o del h?gado, ri??n y bazo, despu?s de 5 d?as de exposici?n, sugiriendo un proceso de desintoxicaci?n. A 30 y 45 d?as, no se observaron signos cl?nicos ni lesiones patol?gicas atribuibles al glifosato; sin embargo, un aumento en el tama?o de los hepatocitos, con contenido vacuolar y granular de aspecto protein?ceo indican un efecto evidente, aunque sutil del Roundup? a dosis subletales con posible adaptabilidad org?nica. Se concluye que el consumo de alimento con 7,5 ppm y 15 ppm de glifosato durante 5, 30 y 45 d?as causa alteraciones sutiles de toxicidad en ratones durante la gestaci?n, la lactancia y el posparto, pero no en sus camadas.ABSTRACT. In Colombia, glyphosate-based pesticides are used for weed control in agriculture and eradication of illicit crops; however, the toxic effects in animals and humans exposed to sublethal doses are unknown. This study evaluated the clinical and pathological changes induced by diets containing glyphosate at 7,5 ppm and 15 ppm in pregnant mice Mus musculus, using the herbicide Roundup ?. The body-weight of pregnant females and offspring and the viability of litters were recorded daily. Gross and microscopic lesions in liver, kidney, uterus and brain were determined at necropsies performed at 5, 30 and 45 days post- exposure, in addition to the liver and heart organic indexes. No significant differences were found in body weight, size and viability of litters at any dose. Organs such as the liver, kidney and spleen were enlarged and congested at day 5 post exposure, suggesting a detoxification process. At 30 and 45 days, no clinical signs or pathological lesions attributed to glyphosate were found. However, there was an increase in the hepatocyte size, with vacuolar and granular cytoplasm and proteinaceus-like content, suggesting a subtle effect of sublethal doses of Roundup ?, with possible organ adaptability. We conclude that the consumption of food containing 7.5 ppm and 15 ppm of glyphosate for 5, 30 and 45 days, cause subtle toxic alterations in mice during pregnancy, lactation and postpartum, but not in their litters

Recuperación de la identidad cultural a través de la estrategia pedagógica enfocada en el conocimiento y uso tradicional de las plantas medicinales en la comunidad de Tablón Dulce

Formato de entrevistas, Formato fichas de lectura, Formato matriz de vaciado, Formato operacionalización de conceptos cualitativos, Formatos diarios de campo.La realización de la estrategia pedagógica en la recuperación de la identidad cultural enfocada en el conocimiento y el uso tradicional de las plantas medicinales en la comunidad de Tablón Dulce, se fundamentó en el manejo de las plantas medicinales, entre las cuales se destacaron la sábila, el chirarán, la santa maría, el poleo, entre otras, por su valor de uso cultural. No se tiene ninguna certeza sobre el inicio de las plantas medicinales en la región; ya que los descubrimientos de los ancestros fueron en gran medida, producto de la casualidad de sus antepasados; pero en la actualidad se hace necesario continuar con este legado para que no se extinga, a partir de la enseñanza a los estudiantes de esta comunidad, en aras de que estas plantas continúen prestando los beneficios de primeros auxilios, aliviando dolores imprevistos y salvando vidas a esta comunidad tan olvidada de la costa pacífica colombiana. Por lo antes mencionado y en aras de la obtención de los resultados deseados, se utilizaron teorías y conceptos enmarcados a esta temática, así como la utilización del enfoque cualitativo, por medio de la técnica de la observación y entrevistas, aplicando las modalidades de campo y revisión bibliográfica.The realization of the pedagogical strategy in the recovery of cultural identity focused on the knowledge and traditional use of medicinal plants at Tablón Dulce Comunity, was based on the management of medicinal plants, among which stood out the aloe vera, the chirarán, the santa maría, the pennyroyal, among others, for its value of cultural use. There is no certainty about the start of medicinal plants in the zone; since the discoveries of the ancestors were to a great extent, product of the chance of their ancestors; but at present it is necessary to continue with this legacy so that it does not become extinct, from the teaching to the students of this community, in order that these plants continue to provide the benefits of first aid, alleviating unforeseen pain and saving lives. this forgotten community of the Colombian Pacific coast. For the aforementioned and in order to obtain the desired results, theories and concepts framed to this theme were used, as well as the use of the qualitative approach, through the technique of observation and interviews, applying the field modalities and Bibliographic review

Analysis of the difficulties in reconstructing the infrastructure damaged by natural disasters in New Zealand and Puerto Rico

Once a natural disaster damages essential infrastructure services, such as roads, bridges, electric power and potable water, the priority is to restore these services as soon as possible. Under normal circumstances, the planning, design and construction of complex infrastructure projects requires an extended period of time that in many cases lasts for years. The reconstruction of essential services after a disaster is complex not only because the amount of time that can be devoted to planning is extremely limited, but also because government agencies and their officials are under public scrutiny. The press and political institutions frequently criticize the reaction time and decisions of public officials, which increases the complexity of the projects. This article uses a five-dimensional project management model (5DPM) to identify and manage the sources of complexity in emergency projects. The article describes the sources of complexity in reconstruction projects after natural disasters hit the islands of New Zealand and Puerto Rico causing great devastation. The natural disasters analyzed in this article are the earthquakes of 2010 and 2011 in New Zealand and the hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017 in Puerto Rico. The islands, due to their geographical location, faced similar challenges in terms of the shortage of workers, and materials and equipment for reconstruction, which had to be imported. The shortage negatively impacted the response time to the emergency, the perception of the press, and public opinion about the proper handling of the emergencies. The article analyzes the sources of complexity in the reconstruction of the damaged infrastructure and concludes that the sociopolitical context is often the most complex dimension when reconstruction projects are carried out in an expeditious manner

Lower Jurassic bivalves of Suárez Vega collection held at Museo del Jurásico de Asturias (MUJA), Spain

Presentado en la XX Bienal RSEHN, Madrid 2013Los datos obtenidos a partir de colecciones paleontológicas que se encuentran en los museos pueden ser útiles para hacer una estimación de la diversidad así como para estudios paleobiogeográfi cos. Suárez Vega en su Tesis Doctoral sobre el Jurásico de Asturias citó un número importante de especies de bivalvos y su contexto estratigráfico. En 2007, una parte importante de este material fue depositado en el Museo del Jurásico de Asturias. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la revisión taxonómica de la colección de bivalvos del Jurásico Inferior de este autor, procedentes de diecisiete afl oramientos distribuidos por toda la Cuenca Asturiana y que corresponden a intervalos estratigráficos diferentes. El mayor número de ejemplares se ha recogido en los acantilados de la Playa de Peñarrubia, Gijón (33%). En conjunto, se han revisado más de 250 ejemplares y alrededor de 200 se han podido determinar específicamente debido a su buen estado de conservación. Corresponden al intervalo Sinemuriense Superior (Cronozona Obtusum)-Toarciense Superior (Cronozona Aalensis), repartiéndose la mayoría entre las cronozonas Obtusum, Oxynotum e Ibex. Con anterioridad a este trabajo la diversidad estaba subestimada y con este estudio se ha ampliado a veintinueve géneros, pertenecientes a once órdenes y veintidós familias. Los géneros mejor representados, en relación con el número total de ejemplares analizados, son Gryphaea (18%), Pholadomya (15%), Semuridia (13%), Pseudopecten (10%) y Pleuromya (7%). Se cita, por primera vez, el género Anningella, que hasta el momento, sólo se había reconocido en Gran Bretaña y, destaca la presencia de otros nuevos taxones para Asturias como son Dacryomya, Palaeoneilo, Modiolus (Cyranus) entre los protobranchios, Semuridia y Meleagrinella entre los pteriomorphios, y Mesomiltha y Unicardium entre los heteroconchios.Data from museum palaeontological collections can contribute to estimates of diversity as well as to palaeobiogeographical studies. Linkages between species occurrence and descriptive information from the fi eld can also be useful to verify taxa and species association occurrences in a space-temporal analysis. This can be especially valuable when data refl ect stratigraphically well-constrained sampling intervals. Part of the scientifi c research of Suárez Vega was dedicated to the Jurassic stratigraphy of Asturias (N Iberian Peninsula). He made a diverse and extensive palaeontological collection of material between the late 1960s and early 1970s, leading to his PhD thesis publication in 1974, “Estratigrafía del Jurásico en Asturias”. In that work he refers to some signifi cant bivalve occurrences observed and cited in their stratigraphical context. In 2007 Suárez Vega donated his collections to the Museo del Jurásico de Asturias (MUJA), where it was incorporated and has been held and curated ever since. A re-evaluation study was carried out on the Suárez Vega Lower Jurassic bivalve specimens at MUJA. Twenty-eight fossil sites were analysed, providing bivalve material from several sections showing distinct space-temporal resolution of the Asturian basin. The localities range from E to W, from Ribadesella to Playa de Peñarrubia (Gijón) respectively, on the coast and with others provenances from inner parts of Asturias such as Borines (Piloña). Most sections represent short chronostratigraphies with the exception of the coastal cliff sections, although these are almost impossible to sample in good conditions or they are completely inaccessible due to urban development. The major bivalve material comes from Playa de Peñarrubia (33%), Santa Mera (8%), Villaviciosa (8%), and Péon (10%) sections, but there are fourteen other localities with less abundance. The collected material corresponds and refl ects well exposed sections with abundant strata surfaces or shell concentrations in exceptionally preserved conditions as in Peón. The Lower Jurassic bivalve analysed material comprises more than 250 specimens; the large majority of them (ca 200) were indentifi ed to species level because of their well preserved nature. They span from the Upper Sinemurian (Obtusum Chronozone) to the Upper Toarcian (Aalensis Chronozone) and most of the specimens are equally represented in the Obtusum, Oxynotum and Ibex chronozones. The apparent diversity is equitable distributed in these chronozones too. The diversity of bivalve taxa cited for all the time intervals in Asturias in previous publications were underestimated and our re-evaluation suggest 31 genera and 39 species, representing 24 families and 12 orders. The most represented genera, in terms of total number of specimens, are Gryphaea (18%), Pholadomya (15%), Semuridia (13%), Pseudopecten (10%) and Pleuromya (7%). These data are refl ected at family level with Gryphaeidae (17%), Pectinidae (15%), Pholadomyidae (15%) and Pergamidiidae (13%). Therefore the major represented orders are: Ostreida (33%), Pectinida (33%) and Pholadomyida (16%). The occurrence of pectinoid Anningella outside of Great Britain is recognized for the fi rst time. We also record new occurrences for Asturias for the protobranchs Dacryomya, Palaeoneilo, Modiolus (Cyranus), the pteriomorphs Semuridia and Meleagrinella, and the heteroconchs Mesomiltha and Unicardium. Although the Suárez Vega collection was biased by fi eld collecting methodology, these precise data are important for palaeobiogeographical analysis on the same interval in NW European Provinces. This revision provides and updated bivalve biodiversity data set allowing the comparison between Asturias with other nearby basins like Lusitanian (Portugal), Basque-Cantabrian basin and Iberian Ranges (NE to E of Spain). In future studies this information will be integrated in palaeontological analysis with newly collected material from the same time and space intervals in order to better understand the palaeoceanographic dynamics of these faunas.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)pu