Chinchillidae and Dolichotinae rodents (Rodentia: Hystricognathi: Caviomorpha) from the late Pleistocene of Southern Brazil

New records of rodents from the late Pleistocene Chuí Creek, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil, are here described. A partial dentary with fragmented cheek teeth is identified as Chinchillidae, Lagostomus Brookes cf. L. maximus (Desmarest). Other two specimens are identified as cheek teeth of Dolichotinae indet. (Caviidae). Pleistocene fossils of Lagostomus were previously reported for Argentina and Uruguay. The material of Lagostomus from Chuí Creek represents the first confidently record of this taxon Brazil. Pleistocene fossil remains of Dolichotinae have been found in Argentina, Uruguay and other areas of southern Brazil, though the Brazilian find lack precise stratigraphic information. These new records widen the paleobiogeographic distribution of Lagostomus and confirm the presence of Dolichotinae during the late Pleistocene of southern Brazil.Fil: Kerber, Leonardo. Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Pereira Lopes, Renato. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Vucetich, María Guiomar. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Ribeiro, Ana Maria. Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Pereira, Jamil. Museu Coronel Tancredo Fernandes de Mello; Brasi

Chinchillidae and Dolichotinae rodents (Rodentia: Hystricognathi: Caviomorpha) from the late Pleistocene of southern Brazil

New records of rodents from the late Pleistocene Chuí Creek, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil, are here described. A partial dentary with fragmented cheek teeth is identified as Chinchillidae, Lagostomus Brookes cf. L. maximus (Desmarest). Other two specimens are identified as cheek teeth of Dolichotinae indet. (Caviidae). Pleistocene fossils of Lagostomus were previously reported for Argentina and Uruguay. The material of Lagostomus from Chuí Creek represents the first confidently record of this taxon Brazil. Pleistocene fossil remains of Dolichotinae have been found in Argentina, Uruguay and other areas of southern Brazil, though the Brazilian find lack precise stratigraphic information. These new records widen the paleobiogeographic distribution of Lagostomus and confirm the presence of Dolichotinae during the late Pleistocene of southern Brazil. Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia.Este trabalho reporta novos materiais de roedores provenientes dos depósitos fossilíferos do arroio Chuí (Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil). O material de Chinchillidae é identificado como Lagostomus Brookes cf. L. maximus (Desmarest) e é representado por um dentário esquerdo faltando sua região posterior, com o incisivo preservado e a série p4-m3 fragmentada. Os outros dois espécimes são identificados como molariformes de Dolichotinae indet. (Caviidae). Os fósseis de Lagostomus durante o Pleistoceno estavam restritos a Argentina e Uruguai. O material aqui reportado caracteriza o primeiro registro seguro deste táxon no Brasil. Fósseis de Dolichotinae têm sido encontrados em depósitos pleistocênicos da Argentina, Uruguai e sul do Brasil, porém este último provém de uma localidade sem contexto estratigráfico preciso. Desta forma, estes novos registros ampliam a distribuição paleobiogeográfica de Lagostomus e confirmam a presença de Dolichotinae durante o Pleistoceno final do sul do Brasil.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Underwater autonomous event-driven profiler and data retrieval system

Understanding Ocean variability, particularly in the productive upper water column, requires understanding ocean processes. Numerous physical and bio-geochemical processes in the water column must be studied at different spatial and temporal scales that still need to be fully understood. Current fixed-point observatory structures are one of the principal methods to collect data from the Oceans due to their endurance and capability to observe oceanic phenomena at a high rate. In this work, we present a new conceptual approach and design for an oceanic profiler which intends to overcome the most common logistical hurdle when deploying those kinds of platforms at sea.Peer Reviewe

Chemical defense of Hymeniacidon heliophila (Porifera: halichondrida) against tropical predators

Diversos organismos bênticos possuem defesas químicas que ajudam a diminuir a predação. Embora sua eficácia seja comprovada, muitos de seus efeitos são ainda desconhecidos. Múltiplas funções dos metabolitos secundários foram evidenciadas em algumas esponjas e isso pode representar uma vantagem adaptativa, considerando o alto valor energético gasto pelas espécies para produzí-los. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar as propriedades defensivas de extratos da esponja Hymeniacidon heliophila contra predadores tropicais: paguros (Calcinus tibicens), ouriços-do-mar (Lytechinus variegatus) e peixes generalistas. Extratos em n-hexano, acetato de etila e acetona/metanol foram usados nos ensaios e todos foram eficientes na redução do consumo por C. tibicen; extratos em n-hexano reduziram o consumo por L. variegatus; e extratos de média polaridade reduziram o consumo por peixes. A variação na ação ou as funções ecológicas múltiplas dos extratos indicam que diferentes tipos de substâncias podem ser associadas ao sistema defensivo produzido por Hymeniacidon heliophila.Various benthic organisms have chemical defenses which reduce their predators' consumption. Although their efficiency may be noticed in many organisms, many of their effects are not well- known yet. Multiple ecological roles of secondary metabolites are shown in some sponges, which may represent an adaptative advantage considering the high amount of energy used to produce these chemical compounds. The goal of this work was to investigate the defensive property of the extracts from the sponge Hymeniacidon heliophila against the tropical predators: hermit crabs (Calcinus tibicens), sea urchins (Lytechinus variegatus) and generalist fishes. Extracts obtained with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and acetone/methanol were used in assays and all of them were effective in reducing the consumption by C. tibicens; n-hexane extract reduced the consumption by L. variegatus; and medium polarity extracts reduced fish consumption. Either the variation in action or the multiple ecological roles of the extracts indicates that different types of compounds can be associated to the defensive system produced by H. heliophila

Shield wall:Kelps are the last stand against corals in tropicalized reefs

Communities inhabiting biogeographic transition zones are shifting in composition as a result of progressive warming and heatwaves. In the marine environment, corals are expanding onto higher latitude reefs historically dominated by temperate kelp forests, initiating a shift towards warm affinity coral-dominated states.publishedVersio

Effect of preemptive dexamethasone and etoricoxib on postoperative period following impacted third molar surgery - a randomized clinical trial

The aim of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone and etoricoxib after third molar extraction. A prospective, randomized, controlled, split-mouth study was conducted. 19 volunteers were allocated randomly to receive 90mg etoricoxib 1 hour prior to the procedure or 4mg intramuscular dexamethasone immediately after anesthesia. Baseline measurements were obtained preoperatively, and subsequent assessments were made on immediate postoperative, at 72 hours and 7 days after surgery to measure postoperative facial swelling by use of linear measurements, interincisal mouth opening width and visual analog scale score for pain. The amount of analgesics consumed was recorded. Descriptive statistics and the independent-samples t-test were used to compare the two groups at P < 0.05. Dexamethasone was effective in the control roasted edema for measurements of the mandibular angle - wing of the nose and mandibular angle - labial commissure 72 hours after surgery. And for the measurement mandibular angle - mentum, in the time of 72 hours and 7 days. There was no statistically significant difference in relation to pain and trismus. Considering significant results for some measures of the variable edema for the group that used intramuscular dexamethasone and the difference without statistical significance between groups for the other variables studied, we seem to reflect the intramuscular indication of the corticosteroid in a single dosage in relation to the use of etoricoxib as pre-emptive medication

Chinchillidae and Dolichotinae rodents (Rodentia: Hystricognathi: Caviomorpha) from the late Pleistocene of southern Brazil

New records of rodents from the late Pleistocene Chuí Creek, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil, are here described. A partial dentary with fragmented cheek teeth is identified as Chinchillidae, Lagostomus Brookes cf. L. maximus (Desmarest). Other two specimens are identified as cheek teeth of Dolichotinae indet. (Caviidae). Pleistocene fossils of Lagostomus were previously reported for Argentina and Uruguay. The material of Lagostomus from Chuí Creek represents the first confidently record of this taxon Brazil. Pleistocene fossil remains of Dolichotinae have been found in Argentina, Uruguay and other areas of southern Brazil, though the Brazilian find lack precise stratigraphic information. These new records widen the paleobiogeographic distribution of Lagostomus and confirm the presence of Dolichotinae during the late Pleistocene of southern Brazil. Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia.Este trabalho reporta novos materiais de roedores provenientes dos depósitos fossilíferos do arroio Chuí (Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil). O material de Chinchillidae é identificado como Lagostomus Brookes cf. L. maximus (Desmarest) e é representado por um dentário esquerdo faltando sua região posterior, com o incisivo preservado e a série p4-m3 fragmentada. Os outros dois espécimes são identificados como molariformes de Dolichotinae indet. (Caviidae). Os fósseis de Lagostomus durante o Pleistoceno estavam restritos a Argentina e Uruguai. O material aqui reportado caracteriza o primeiro registro seguro deste táxon no Brasil. Fósseis de Dolichotinae têm sido encontrados em depósitos pleistocênicos da Argentina, Uruguai e sul do Brasil, porém este último provém de uma localidade sem contexto estratigráfico preciso. Desta forma, estes novos registros ampliam a distribuição paleobiogeográfica de Lagostomus e confirmam a presença de Dolichotinae durante o Pleistoceno final do sul do Brasil.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Sobre a presença de Holochilus brasiliensis (Desmarest, 1819) (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) no Pleistoceno final do sul do Brasil

Fossil remains of the sigmodontine rodent Holochilus brasiliensis (Desmarest, 1819) from two geographic areas from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil are reviewed and described here. The specimens came from two localities: Quaraí River in the western region, which has yielded a dentary with an incisor and molars, and Chuí Creek in the eastern region, where a fragmented right dentary and a maxillary fragment with molars were collected. The presence of this taxon in the late Pleistocene of meridional Brazil suggests the existence of perennial water bodies.Keywords: mammals, rodents, late Pleistocene, paleoenvironment, Rio Grande do Sul.Fósseis do roedor sigmodontíneo Holochilus brasiliensis (Desmarest, 1819), identificados em duas áreas geograficamente distintas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil, são aqui revisados e descritos. Os espécimes analisados provêm de duas localidades: o Rio Quaraí, no extremo oeste, onde foi identificado um dentário, com um incisivo e molares, e o Arroio Chuí, na porção leste, onde foram coletados um dentário direito fragmentado e um fragmento de maxilar com molares. A presença deste táxon no Pleistoceno final do Brasil meridional sugere a presença de corpos de água perenes.Palavras-chave: mamíferos, roedores, Pleistoceno final, paleoambiente, Rio Grande do Sul

Sociabilidade em tempos de quarentena: o WhatsApp como ferramenta de interação social durante a pandemia de COVID-19

Man is a natural social being. The need to communicate is something inherent to his own existence. But how can he communicate with other people in times of quarantine and social isolation, which need to be followed due to the coronavirus pandemics? The WhatsApp app can be conveyed as a virtual ally to supply such demand, once it enables the interaction of people who do not see each other personally, but who, for some reason, are socially connected. By means of informational, conversational and even playful messages, such app serves as a tool for sociability and socialization to continue existing among people during the quarantine times. In this paper, we aim at showing real examples of three groups of people who use this app and the interaction fullfilled by the exchanging of messages in such groups, so that we can observe how sociability is held in such circumstances. By using references of researchers who have already written about sociability held in social networks, such as Recuero (2004), Haroche (2011), Simmel (1983), Palacios (1996) and Santos (2014), and by applying both the bibliographic methodology as well as the passive, structured observation performed in a virtual environment, where we have observed the conversations exchanged among the members of the three WhatsApp groups studied in this paper, we could observe results which convey that, although physically distant, these people continue performing sociability acts, which, during the quarantine, are only possible to occur due to the use of the WhatsApp app.O homem é um ser social por natureza. A necessidade de se comunicar é algo inerente à sua própria existência. Mas como pode ele se comunicar com outras pessoas em tempos de quarentena e isolamento social que precisam ser seguidos em decorrência da pandemia do coronavírus? O aplicativo WhatsApp mostra-se como sendo um aliado virtual para suprir essa demanda, uma vez que possibilita a interação entre pessoas que não se veem pessoalmente, mas que, por algum motivo, estão ligadas socialmente. Por meio de mensagens informacionais, conversacionais e até mesmo de caráter lúdico, tal aplicativo serve de instrumento para que a socialização e a sociabilidade entre as pessoas continuem acontecendo em tempos de quarentena. Neste artigo, o objetivo é mostrar exemplos reais de três grupos de pessoas e a interação neles realizada através das mensagens trocadas no WhatsApp, para que se observe como a sociabilidade se dá em tais circunstâncias. Usando referências de autores que já escreveram sobre a sociabilidade que ocorre em redes sociais, tais como Recuero (2004), Haroche (2011), Simmel (1983), Palacios (1996) e Santos (2014), e aplicando-se uma metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica e também de observação estruturada, passiva e realizada em ambiente virtual, onde foram analisadas conversas trocadas entre membros dos três grupos de WhatsApp selecionados para este trabalho, observamos resultados que mostram que, apesar de distantes fisicamente, as pessoas continuam realizando atos de sociabilidade, que, durante o período de quarentena, só são possíveis de ocorrer devido ao uso do aplicativo WhatsApp