Seven Possible Characteristics of the Education 4.0 Teacher

Background: In the current context, numerous technologies are available, and access to information is facilitated to all who have access to the Internet. Education 4.0 emerged as a response to the need to meet the demands that will undoubtedly arise with the way society has been developing in the direction of the so-called Innovation Society. Objectives: The objective of this work was to elaborate a model of the Education 4.0 teacher, integrating Siemens’ Connectivist Theory with Papert’s Constructionism. Design: The methodology used here consisted of the textual analysis of the primary sources of Siemens’ Connectivist proposal and Papert’s Constructionism, aiming to identify characteristics that can lead the teacher of Education 4.0. Environment and participants: The primary sources of Siemens’ Connectivist proposal and Papert’s Constructionism, as it is a bibliographic theoretical study. Data collection and analysis: Data were collected from the mentioned primary sources and analysed by textual analysis. Results: As a result, seven possible characteristics of the Education 4.0 teacher were identified: Mediator, Researcher, Adaptive, Mentor, Apprentice, Bricoleur, and Self-reflective. However, the survey carried out by digital means with 30 active and non-active teachers revealed that 53.3% were unaware of the concept of Education 4.0. Conclusions: It was concluded that teachers need continuing education courses to develop the pedagogical praxis of education 4.0

Examining Signatures of Natural Selection in Antifungal Resistance Genes Across Aspergillus Fungi

Certain Aspergillus fungi cause aspergillosis, a set of diseases that typically affect immunocompromised individuals. Most cases of aspergillosis are caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, which infects millions of people annually. Some closely related so-called cryptic species, such as Aspergillus lentulus, can also cause aspergillosis, albeit at lower frequencies, and they are also clinically relevant. Few antifungal drugs are currently available for treating aspergillosis and there is increasing worldwide concern about the presence of antifungal drug resistance in Aspergillus species. Furthermore, isolates from both A. fumigatus and other Aspergillus pathogens exhibit substantial heterogeneity in their antifungal drug resistance profiles. To gain insights into the evolution of antifungal drug resistance genes in Aspergillus, we investigated signatures of positive selection in 41 genes known to be involved in drug resistance across 42 susceptible and resistant isolates from 12 Aspergillus section Fumigati species. Using codon-based site models of sequence evolution, we identified ten genes that contain 43 sites with signatures of ancient positive selection across our set of species. None of the sites that have experienced positive selection overlap with sites previously reported to be involved in drug resistance. These results identify sites that likely experienced ancient positive selection in Aspergillus genes involved in resistance to antifungal drugs and suggest that historical selective pressures on these genes likely differ from any current selective pressures imposed by antifungal drugs.RS was supported by the Brazilian São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) grant numbers 2017/21983-3 and 2019/07526-4. JS and AR are supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute through the James H. Gilliam Fellowships for Advanced Study Program. AR’s laboratory received additional support from a Discovery grant from Vanderbilt University, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, the National Science Foundation (DEB-1442113), and the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R56AI146096). GHG was supported by FAPESP (2016/07870-9) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq).S

Evidence from Google Trends of a Widening Second-level Digital Divide in Brazil. Even Worse with the Covid-19

Background: While Brazilian governmental initiatives focused on home broadband Internet access, availability of computers for students in schools has been drastically reduced since 2010. Furthermore, schools usually prohibits mobile Internet access in its premises, contrarily to the migration of students’ access to smartphones.  Objectives: This study investigates the impact of the increasing home and mobile Internet access on the existing educational inequalities. Design: This study made use of quantitative, locally statistical research to investigate the reproduction or closing of existing educational digital divide across already contrasting Brazilian regions. Setting and Participants: Child or adolescent from 9 to 17 years of age and their guardians, interviewed by CETIC.br. Data collection and analysis: Data was obtained from the CETIC.br data portal and the Google Trends webpage. Data were analysed by means of local geostatistical measures of spatial autocorrelation and inequality, as well as bivariate choropleth maps. Results: Our results suggest that the Brazilian school system is failing to cultivate in their students the more productive use of Internet access and therefore contributing to the widening of the existing second-level digital divide between regions and social classes. Conclusions: This digital divide was critically exacerbated by the arrival of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the suspension of presential classes.Brazilian policymakers should concentrate efforts and resources in addressing this large-scale second-level digital divide, possibly by equipping educators and students with the knowledge and skills towards the educational, productive and responsible use of the Internet, as well as allowing mobile Internet access in school premises

Effect of Different Numbers of Interset Antagonist Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on the Total Number of Repetitions for the Agonists

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 498-506, 2022. Recent studies have observed that stretching applied to antagonist muscles can promote improvement in agonist muscle performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different numbers of interset proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching for the antagonists on the total number of repetitions completed for the agonists (quadriceps) in the leg extension exercise. Fourteen physically active individuals (age: 29.35 ± 10.5 years; body mass: 79.1 ± 11.34 kg; height: 170.4 ± 8.7 cm) participated in this study. The following experimental protocols were performed: 1) Traditional protocol (Traditional) – without previous stretching; 2) PNF with lesser duration (PNF1—3 sets of 20 secs.); 3) PNF with greater duration (PNF2—3 sets of 30 secs.). Within the experimental protocols (PNF1 and PNF2), stretching exercises for the antagonists were performed before and between the four sets of the unilateral leg extension exercise. All tests were performed on the dominant limb only. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the total number of repetitions for the PNF2 protocol versus the Traditional protocol (p = 0.026). However, there was no significant difference between the PNF1 protocol versus the Traditional protocol (p = 0.577). In conclusion, in the leg extension exercise, an extended duration of interset PNF stretching for the hamstrings, promoted greater contractile performance for the quadriceps as demonstrated by significantly greater total repetitions over four sets

Redução do sangramento em cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea : emprego do ácido tranexâmico

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Evidences of herbal medicine-derived natural products effects in inflammatory lung diseases

Pulmonary inflammation is a hallmark of many respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory syndrome distress (ARDS). Most of these diseases are treated with anti-inflammatory therapy in order to prevent or to reduce the pulmonary inflammation. Herbal medicine-derived natural products have been used in folk medicine and scientific studies to evaluate the value of these compounds have grown in recent years. Many substances derived from plants have the biological effects in vitro and in vivo, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Among the biological activities of natural products derived from plants can be pointed out the anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiplatelet, antitumor anti-allergic activities, and antioxidant. Although many reports have evaluated the effects of these compounds in experimental models, studies evaluating clinical trials are scarce in the literature. This review aims to emphasize the effects of these different natural products in pulmonary diseases in experimental models and in humans and pointing out some possible mechanisms of action.CNPq [300546/2012-2, 304465/2012-7, 476877/2012-1]FAPESP [2010/14831-3, 2011/15817-7, 2008/55359-5]Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema-SP 09972-270, BrazilSchool of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP 01246903, BrazilInstituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos-SP 11015-020, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema-SP 09972-270, BrazilInstituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos-SP 11015-020, BrazilCNPq: 300546/2012-2CNPq: 304465/2012-7CNPq: 476877/2012-1FAPESP: 2010/14831-3FAPESP: 2011/15817-7FAPESP: 2008/55359-5Web of Scienc

Use of ergogenic aids among Brazilian athletes: a cross-sectional study exploring competitive level, sex and sports

Was investigated ergogenic aids (EAs) used by Brazilian athletes and their association with performance, sex, sports classification, and modality. It identified the main purposes of EAs and their prescription.Methods239 athletes of 15 modalities, ranging from regional to international level, answered a survey online.ResultsHighly competitive athletes consumed nutritional and mechanical aids more (OR = 1.96 CI 95% [1.28–2.9]; OR = 1.79 CI 95% [1.29–2.47]), while the use of psychological EAs decreased [OR = 1.66 95% CI (1.18–2.94); p = 0.001]. Male athletes [OR = 1.44 CI 95% (1.11–2.88)] and individual sports practitioners [OR = 1.78 CI 95% (1.02–3.11)] used nutritional aids more. Triathlon athletes had higher nutritional EA use, while soccer athletes had lower. Combat sports athletes had higher pharmacological EA use.ConclusionAthletes use nutritional and pharmacological aids more to improve performance and gain lean body mass. Mechanical aids were used for recovery and psychological aids for motivation. Self-prescription is common, especially for pharmacological aids

Simulation of NaCl and KCI mass transfer during salting of prato cheese in brine with agitation: a numerical solution

The association of dietary NaCl with arterial hypertension has led to a reduction in the levels of this salt in cheeses. For salting, KCl has been used as a partial substitute for NaCl, which cannot be completely substituted without affecting product acceptability. In this study a sensorially adequate saline solution (NaCl/KCl) was simultaneously diffused during salting of Prato cheese in brine with agitation. The simultaneous multicomponent diffusion during the process was modeled with Fick’s second generalized law. The system of partial differential equations formed was solved by the finite element method (FEM). In the experimental data concentration the deviation for NaCl was of 7.3% and for KCl of 5.4%, both of which were considered acceptable. The simulation of salt diffusion will allow control and modulation of salt content in Prato cheese, permitting the prediction of final content from initial conditions.A associação da dieta com NaCl hipertensão arterial levou a uma redução nos níveis de este sal no queijo. Para a salga, KCl tem sido usado como substituto parcial do NaCl, que não pode ser totalmente substituído sem afetar a aceitabilidade do produto. Neste estudo, a solução salina sensorialmente adequadas solução (NaCl / KCl) foi difundida simultaneamente, durante a salga de queijo prato em salmoura com agitação. A difusão multicomponente simultânea durante o processo foi modelado com a segunda lei de Fick generalizada. O sistema de equações diferenciais parciais formados foi resolvido pelo método dos elementos finitos (FEM). Na concentração de dados experimentais do desvio de NaCl foi de 7,3% e KCl de 5,4%, sendo que ambos foram considerado aceitável. A simulação da difusão do sal vai permitir o controle e modulação do teor de sal no Queijo Prato, permitindo a predição do conteúdo final das condições iniciais