A Model for Sensory Analysis of Foods and Beverages: Bounded Rationality, Atributes and Perceptions in Coffee and Meat

This research is based on the behavior and perception regarding one food and one beverage. According to the Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFT), sensory analysis is a discipline used to measure, analyze, and interpret the reactions produced by the attributes of foods and ingredients. It is the result from the perception based on smell, taste, touch and hearing, which are related to color, shape, size, visual texture and odor of foods. Psychologists refer to sensory perception as a process with three phases: reception stimulation, perception and information processing (Chen, 2014). Our "machine" of sensory analysis is structure by our sensory systems: olfactory, gustatory, tactile, auditory and visual. These systems measure the attributes of foods based on their sensory properties (Anzaldua-Morales, 1994). According to the Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (Abnt), odor is a sensory olfactory organ stimulated when certain volatile substances are inhaled (Abnt, 1993). This evaluation begins with a short introduction to the bottom of the food studies by oral processing followed by a detailed discussion of some important principles that underpin the food and sensory perception (Chen, 2009 & Foster, et al., 2012). Food possesses characteristic that are recognized by previous experience of the consumer when they are eaten or prepared; mainly associated to food texture (Huy, 1992). There is a need for an effort to review some important developments and achievements in this field. Many previous studies have explored and selected aspects of the choice of foods from a wide variety of disciplines and perspectives (Booth, 1994). Pioneering work of Lewin (1951) proposed that several specific reference frameworks are involved in choice of foods: taste, health, social status and cost. Later investigations have examined these and other values, with a focus on cognitive and motivational factors involved in choosing food (Rappoport et al., 1993). Surveys of eating habits presented several models of prominent factors, influences and eating patterns to develop a comprehensive picture of the food choice process (Parraga, 1990). A constructionist approach allows a rich expression of how people get involved in the food choice process, through the incorporation of meanings and understandings that they create in their negotiations of choice, including elicitation of the reach and strength of the factors affecting the choice of food (Berger & Luckman, 1966). To develop this research the questionnaire was based on Furst, et. al. model proposed in 1996 (Furst, et al., 1996). A documentary research and some interviews with specialists help to identify the main sensory attributes of coffee and meat. According to Furst et al. (1996) a basic and universal factor that provides the foundation for food choices is the life course, which includes influences from past personal and historical experiences, the current participation in trends and transitions and anticipations of future events. Life course provides guidance for food choices through past, present and future roles and experiences. Thus, it is the underlying source that many factors shape the choice of food. By in-depth interview with 20 consumers of coffee and 20 consumers of meat some improvements in the previous Furst et. al. model were proposed. The methodology was an research conducted in the Marketing Lab. Using different levels of sensory attributes both consumers of coffee and meat were separated in two groups of 8 consumers and interviewed based on focus group and individually. Results identify some differences and similarities between coffee and meat consumer behavior. The findings suggest that sensory analysis helps to explain some aspects of bounded rationality in food consumption, evaluation and perception and could improve the previous Furst et. al. model

Mortality related to candidemia and risk factors associated with non-candida albicans

sem informação471293093

Pre-Discharge Predictors of 1-Year Rehospitalization in Adolescents and Young Adults with Severe Mental Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Readmissions of youths hospitalized for a severe mental disorder are common events and bear a remarkable human, social, and economic burden. The current study aimed at evaluating predictors of 1-year rehospitalization in a sample of adolescents and young adults with severe mental disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data for ≤25-year-old inpatients with a severe mental disorder and consecutively admitted between 1 January 2016 and 30 June 2019 were collected. Subjects were retrospectively assessed over a follow-up period of one year after the index discharge to track readmissions—i.e., the primary outcome variable. Standard descriptive statistics were used. The association between variables and 1-year rehospitalization was estimated using the univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. We then carried out a multivariable Cox regression model, also estimating the covariate-adjusted survivor function. Hazard ratios (HRs) with related 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were provided. RESULTS: The final sample included 125 individuals. The multivariable Cox regression model estimated that co-occurring substance use disorders (HR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.08 to 4.26; p = 0.029) and being admitted for a suicide attempt (HR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.13 to 5.49; p = 0.024) were both significant predictors of 1-year rehospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that comorbid substance use disorders and being admitted for a suicide attempt were predictors of early readmission in youths with severe mental disorders. Although their generalizability is limited, our findings could contribute to improve the quality of young patients’ mental health care by identifying vulnerable subjects who may benefit from tailored interventions to prevent rehospitalizations

Clinical, cognitive, behavioral and communicative features of Smith-Magenis syndrome

TEMA: o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os aspectos clínico, comportamental, cognitivo e comunicativo de indivíduos com o diagnóstico genético da Síndrome Smith-Magenis. PROCEDIMENTOS: participaram dois indivíduos do sexo masculino, de nove e 19 anos. Realizou-se a avaliação genética clínica e laboratorial (teste FISH, utilizando sonda para região 17p11.2). A avaliação psicológica constou da observação comportamental e aplicação da Escala Wechsler de Inteligência. A avaliação Fonoaudiológica foi realizada por meio de procedimentos formais e informais e avaliação auditiva periférica. RESULTADOS: a análise genética clínica evidenciou as características fenotípicas da síndrome Smith-Magenis, confirmada pela avaliação laboratorial. A avaliação psicológica evidenciou o fenótipo comportamental peculiar da síndrome Smith-Magenis e comprovou a deficiência intelectual de grau moderado nos dois indivíduos. A avaliação fonoaudiológica mostrou alterações no desempenho linguístico, com alterações nos níveis fonológico, semântico, sintático e pragmático e nas habilidades psicolinguísticas, interferindo nas habilidades comunicativas e de aprendizagem. A avaliação auditiva indicou audição periférica dentro de parâmetros de normalidade. CONCLUSÃO: a avaliação multidisciplinar favoreceu a descrição dos aspectos clínicos, comportamentais, cognitivos que pertencem ao fenótipo comportamental da síndrome Smith-Magenis e permitiu verificar que estes apresentam graves alterações da linguagem oral, das habilidades psicolinguísticas e do processamento das informações visuais e auditivas com reflexos marcantes no desenvolvimento das habilidades comunicativas e processos de aprendizagem.BACKGROUND: this study aimed to describe the clinical, behavioral, cognitive and communicative features of subjects with Smith-Magenis Syndrome genetic diagnosis. PROCEDURES: the subjects were two males, 09 and 19 year old. We performed a clinical and laboratory genetic evaluation (FISH assay using probes for the region 17p11.2). The psychological evaluation consisted of behavioral observation and application of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Speech evaluation was performed by means of formal and informal procedures and peripheral hearing evaluation. RESULTS: the clinical genetic analysis showed the phenotypic characteristics of Smith-Magenis syndrome, confirmed by laboratory evaluation. The psychological evaluation revealed the peculiar phenotype behavioral of Smith-Magenis syndrome and confirmed the moderate intellectual disabilities in two subjects. Speech evaluation showed changes in language performance, with changes in phonological, semantic, syntactic and pragmatic levels and psycholinguistic skills, interfering with communication and learning skills. The hearing test showed peripheral hearing within normal parameters. CONCLUSION: the multidisciplinary approach made easier the description of clinical, behavioral, cognitive aspects, belonging to the behavioral phenotype of Smith-Magenis syndrome and showed that these changes have severe oral language alterations in skills and psycholinguistic processing of visual and auditory information with remarkable consequences on the development of communicative skills and learning processes

The lowest diploid number in Testudines: Banding patterns, telomeric and 45S rDNA FISH in Peltocephalus dumerilianus, 2n = 26 and FN = 52 (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae)

The karyotype of the big-headed Amazon River turtle, Peltocephalus dumerilianus, is characterized based on a sample of seven juveniles from Reserva Biológica do Rio Trombetas, Pará State, Brazil (1°30′ S, 56°34′ W). Here we present the first results on GTG and CBG-banding patterns, Ag-NOR staining and FISH, with telomeric and 45S rDNA sequences as probes. A cytogenetic comparison with related Podocnemidae is also provided.Grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 2009/54300-0 and 2013/20188-4

Sintomas depressivos e sono de idosos cuidadores inseridos em contexto de alta vulnerabilidade social

Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre sintomas depressivos e qualidade do sono de idosos cuidadores de idosos em contexto de alta vulnerabilidade social.Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado de julho/2019 a março/2020 com 65 idosos cuidadores de idosos, atendidos por cinco Unidades de Saúde da Família, em São Carlos, São Paulo. Instrumentos para caracterizar os cuidadores, avaliar os sintomas depressivos e a qualidade do sono foram usados na coleta de dados. Os testes Kruskal Wallis e Correlação de Spearman foram adotados.Resultados: 73,9% dos cuidadores apresentaram sono de má qualidade e 69,2% não apresentaram sintomas depressivos. Nos cuidadores com sintomas depressivos severos, o escore médio de qualidade do sono foi 11,4, nos com sintomas depressivos leves foi 9,0 e naqueles sem sintomas depressivos foi 6,4. Houve correlação direta e moderada entre qualidade do sono e sintomas depressivos.Conclusão: Existe relação entre sintomas depressivos e qualidade do sono em idosos cuidadores.Palavras-chave: Depressão. Sono. Cuidadores. Idoso. Vulnerabilidade social. Enfermagem. Atenção primária à saúde