Building an International One Health Strain Level Database to Characterise the Epidemiology of AMR Threats: ESBL—AmpC Producing E. coli as An Example—Challenges and Perspectives

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology of ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae)Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top public health threats nowadays. Among the most important AMR pathogens, Escherichia coli resistant to extended spectrum cephalosporins (ESC-EC) is a perfect example of the One Health problem due to its global distribution in animal, human, and environmental sources and its resistant phenotype, derived from the carriage of plasmid-borne extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamases, which limits the choice of effective antimicrobial therapies. The epidemiology of ESC-EC infection is complex as a result of the multiple possible sources involved in its transmission, and its study would require databases ideally comprising information from animal (livestock, companion, wildlife), human, and environmental sources. Here, we present the steps taken to assemble a database with phenotypic and genetic information on 10,763 ESC-EC isolates retrieved from multiple sources provided by 13 partners located in eight European countries, in the frame of the DiSCoVeR Joint Research project funded by the One Health European Joint Programme (OH-EJP), along with its strengths and limitations. This database represents a first step to help in the assessment of different geographical and temporal trends and transmission dynamics in animals and humans. The work performed highlights aspects that should be considered in future international efforts, such as the one presented here.This research was funded by Promoting One Health in Europe through joint actions on foodborne zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, and emerging microbiological hazards–One Health EJP, grant number 773830 (DiSCoVeR). Research at the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Germany, was partially supported by the internal project BfR-BIOS-08-43-001. Research at the National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV) was partially supported by the project PTDC/CVT-CVT/28469/2017 financed by the “Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia” (FCT), Portugal. Research at the National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), Poland, was also partially supported by the Polish Ministry of Education and Science from the funds for science in the years 2018–2022 allocated for the implementation of a co-financed international project. The environmental isolates from Ireland were collected as part of the AREST project, which is jointly funded by the Environmental Protection Agency, under the EPA Research Programme 2014–2020, and the Health Service Executive (2017-HW-LS-1). The isolates collected from pig farms in Ireland were collected as part of a Walsh Scholarship project funded by Teagasc (ref 2018027). Research at the VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre (Spain) was partially supported by the project Antimicrobial resistance transmission dynamics in the human-animal interface: Shaping the risk posed by epidemic plasmids (PID2021-125136OB-I00, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, MICINN).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Těhotenství středoškolaček

Abstract In my bachelor's thesis I focused on the problems of pregnancy of secondary school students. In the first section, using specialized literature, I defined the con-cept of adolescence from the perspective of developmental psychology, described the development of partner relationships, and early romantic and sex experiences of teenagers. I also defined the concept of pregnancy and associated health risks, both for teenage mothers and the unborn child. Furthermore I characterized the concept of parenting and mapped the development of teenage pregnancy in the Czech Republic, analyzed the impact of pregnancy on adolescent girls and their personal life, family and other social relationships. The method used for the prepa-ration of the theoretical section was studying specialized sources and their further use, such as making excerpts and their analysis, synthesis and comparison. In the second practical section I concentrated on mothers who were pregnant during their studies of a secondary school, and documented their views on the arisen situation. At the same time I mapped the level of aid which the secondary school was able to offer. The method of case study was used. Semi-structure inter-views were used as a tool for data collection. The respondents were two women who were pregnant while attending a secondary school. The result is a comparison of the aid provided by two secondary schools. The recommendation for pedagogi-cal practice is to focus on the prevention of pregnancy as part of sex education not only in secondary schools, but already in elementary schools, as well as the ap-proach of secondary schools to the problem of a pregnant student

Average values of impressions of female photographs.

<p>Average values of impressions of female photographs.</p