Seinura lii N. SP. E S. wuae N. SP. (NEMATODA: SEINURIDAE) EM PINHEIRO NA CHINA

Seinura lii n. sp. and S. wuae n. sp. are described and illustrated from dyingPinus massoniana infested with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in China. Seinura lii n.sp. is characterised by relatively long female and male bodies (763–1146 and 831–1068 ?m, respectively), stylet 16–20 ?m long and lacking knobs, tworows of developing oocytes in the anterior gonad, welldeveloped postuterinesac (120–182 ?m long), three lines or incisures in the lateral field, four pairsof subventral papillae on the male tail region, and an elongate–conoid femaletail. Seinura wuae n. sp. is characterised by relatively long female and malebodies (819–1179 and 787–1062 ?m, respectively), stylet 15–18 ?m long andwith small knobs, three lines or incisures in the lateral field, two or threerows of developing oocytes in the anterior gonad, long postuterine sac (103–172 ?m long), two pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail region, and anelongate–conoid female tail.Seinura lii n. sp. e S. wuae n. sp. foram descritos e ilustrados a partir de Pinusmassoniana, infectado por Bursaphelenchus xylophilus na China. A espécie Seinuralii foi caracterizada por possuir machos e fêmeas com comprimento dos corposrelativamente longos (763 -1.146 e 831 - 1.068?m, respectivamente), estilete16-20?m, sem bulbos, duas linhas de oócitos em desenvolvimento na gônadaanterior, saco pós-uterino bem desenvolvido, (120-182?m de comprimento),campos laterais com três incisuras, quatro pares de papilas sub ventrais, naregião da cauda dos machos e as fêmeas possuidoras de cauda longa e conoide.Seinura wuae foi caracterizada também por possuir fêmeas e machos comcomprimento do corpo relativamente longo (819 - 1.179 e 787 - 1.062?m,respectivamente), estilete com 15 - 18?m, com pequenos bulbos, três incisurasno campo lateral, duas a três linhas de oócitos em desenvolvimento na regiãoanterior da gônada, longo saco pós-uterino (103-172?m de comprimento),dois pares de papilas sub ventrais na região da cauda dos machos e as fêmeascom cauda longa e conoide

IL-17A produced by αβ T cells drives airway hyper-responsiveness in mice and enhances mouse and human airway smooth muscle contraction.

Emerging evidence suggests that the T helper 17 (T(H)17) subset of αβ T cells contributes to the development of allergic asthma. In this study, we found that mice lacking the αvβ8 integrin on dendritic cells did not generate T(H)17 cells in the lung and were protected from airway hyper-responsiveness in response to house dust mite and ovalbumin sensitization and challenge. Because loss of T(H)17 cells inhibited airway narrowing without any obvious effects on airway inflammation or epithelial morphology, we examined the direct effects of T(H)17 cytokines on mouse and human airway smooth muscle function. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), but not IL-17F or IL-22, enhanced contractile force generation of airway smooth muscle through an IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA)-IL-17RC, nuclear factor κ light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA)-Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) signaling cascade. Mice lacking integrin αvβ8 on dendritic cells showed impaired activation of this pathway after ovalbumin sensitization and challenge, and the diminished contraction of the tracheal rings in these mice was reversed by IL-17A. These data indicate that the IL-17A produced by T(H)17 cells contributes to allergen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness through direct effects on airway smooth muscle

Novel Insights into Orbital Angular Momentum Beams: From Fundamentals, Devices to Applications

It is well-known by now that the angular momentum carried by elementary particles can be categorized as spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM). In the early 1900s, Poynting recognized that a particle, such as a photon, can carry SAM, which has only two possible states, i.e., clockwise and anticlockwise circular polarization states. However, only fairly recently, in 1992, Allen et al. discovered that photons with helical phase fronts can carry OAM, which has infinite orthogonal states. In the past two decades, the OAM-carrying beam, due to its unique features, has gained increasing interest from many different research communities, including physics, chemistry, and engineering. Its twisted phase front and intensity distribution have enabled a variety of applications, such as micromanipulation, laser beam machining, nonlinear matter interactions, imaging, sensing, quantum cryptography and classical communications. This book aims to explore novel insights of OAM beams. It focuses on state-of-the-art advances in fundamental theories, devices and applications, as well as future perspectives of OAM beams

A note on Zolotarev optimal rational approximation for the overlap Dirac operator

We discuss the salient features of Zolotarev optimal rational approximation for the inverse square root function, in particular, for its applications in lattice QCD with overlap Dirac quark. The theoretical error bound for the matrix-vector multiplication $H_w (H_w^2)^{-1/2}Y$ is derived. We check that the error bound is always satisfied amply, for any QCD gauge configurations we have tested. An empirical formula for the error bound is determined, together with its numerical values (by evaluating elliptic functions) listed in Table 2 as well as plotted in Figure 3. Our results suggest that with Zolotarev approximation to $(H_w^2)^{-1/2}$, one can practically preserve the exact chiral symmetry of the overlap Dirac operator to very high precision, for any gauge configurations on a finite lattice.Comment: 23 pages, 5 eps figures, v2:minor clarifications, and references added, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Demonstration of a 280-Gbit/s free-space SDM communications link utilizing plane-wave spatial multiplexing

We demonstrate a 280-Gbit/s free-space SDM communications link incorporating a set of independent tilted truncated plane-waves, each generated by a single mode fiber placed at the back-focal plane of a spherical lens. Each of the 7 tilted plane-wave channels are encoded with a 40-Gbit/s 16-QAM signal. Our approach comprises two identical linear fiber-arrays placed approximately 5 m apart. As each fiber array is placed at the back-focal-plane of a spherical lens, each fiber array is effectively placed in a conjugate image plane of the other. A channel crosstalk less than 26 dB is shown, with a bit-error-rate below the FEC threshold of 3.8 × 10−3

Neutrino oscillations in Kerr-Newman space-time

The mass neutrino oscillation in Kerr-Newman(K-N) space-time is studied in the plane $\theta=\theta_{0}$, and the general equations of oscillation phases are given. The effect of the rotation and electric charge on the phase is presented. Then, we consider three special cases: (1) The neutrinos travel along the geodesics with the angular momentum $L=aE$ in the equatorial plane. (2) The neutrinos travel along the geodesics with L=0 in the equatorial plane. (3) The neutrinos travel along the radial geodesics at the direction $\theta=0$. At last, we calculate the proper oscillation length in the K-N space time. The effect of the gravitational field on the oscillation length is embodied in the gravitational red shift factor. When the neutrino travels out of the gravitational field, the blue shift of the oscillation length takes place. We discussed the variation of the oscillation length influenced by the gravitational field strength, the rotation $a^{2}$ and charge $Q$.Comment: 20 pages, no figure

Identification of H3K4me1-associated proteins at mammalian enhancers.

Enhancers act to regulate cell-type-specific gene expression by facilitating the transcription of target genes. In mammalian cells, active or primed enhancers are commonly marked by monomethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me1) in a cell-type-specific manner. Whether and how this histone modification regulates enhancer-dependent transcription programs in mammals is unclear. In this study, we conducted SILAC mass spectrometry experiments with mononucleosomes and identified multiple H3K4me1-associated proteins, including many involved in chromatin remodeling. We demonstrate that H3K4me1 augments association of the chromatin-remodeling complex BAF to enhancers in vivo and that, in vitro, H3K4me1-marked nucleosomes are more efficiently remodeled by the BAF complex. Crystal structures of the BAF component BAF45C indicate that monomethylation, but not trimethylation, is accommodated by BAF45C's H3K4-binding site. Our results suggest that H3K4me1 has an active role at enhancers by facilitating binding of the BAF complex and possibly other chromatin regulators

Wiktionary and NLP: Improving synonymy networks

International audienceWiktionary, a satellite of the Wikipedia initiative, can be seen as a potential resource for Natural Language Processing. It requires however to be processed before being used efficiently as an NLP resource. After describing the relevant aspects Wiktionary for our purposes, we focus on its structural properties. Then, we describe how we extracted synonymy networks from this resource. We provide an in-depth study of these synonymy networks and compare them to those extracted from traditional resources. Finally, we describe two methods for semiautomatically improving this network by adding missing relations: (i) using a kind of semantic proximity measure; (ii) using translation relations of Wiktionary itself

Mode division multiplexing using an orbital angular momentum mode sorter and MIMO-DSP over a graded-index few-mode optical fibre

Mode division multiplexing (MDM)– using a multimode optical fiber’s N spatial modes as data channels to transmit N independent data streams – has received interest as it can potentially increase optical fiber data transmission capacity N-times with respect to single mode optical fibers. Two challenges of MDM are (1) designing mode (de)multiplexers with high mode selectivity (2) designing mode (de)multiplexers without cascaded beam splitting’s 1/N insertion loss. One spatial mode basis that has received interest is that of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. In this paper, using a device referred to as an OAM mode sorter, we show that OAM modes can be (de)multiplexed over a multimode optical fiber with higher than −15 dB mode selectivity and without cascaded beam splitting’s 1/N insertion loss. As a proof of concept, the OAM modes of the LP11 mode group (OAM−1,0 and OAM+1,0), each carrying 20-Gbit/s polarization division multiplexed and quadrature phase shift keyed data streams, are transmitted 5km over a graded-index, few-mode optical fibre. Channel crosstalk is mitigated using 4 × 4 multiple-input-multiple-output digital-signal-processing with <1.5 dB power penalties at a bit-error-rate of 2 × 10−3