THE AFRICAN AMERICANS’ STRUGGLE TOWARD DISCRIMINATION AS REFLECTED IN NAOMI LONG MADGETT’S MIDWAY AND ALABAMA CENTENNIAL

  Keywords: Discrimination, the African Americans struggle, Naomi Long Madgett, Midway, Alabama CentennialDiscrimination is a harmful action toward others because of their membership in particular group. Discrimination occurs in many parts of the world. The example of discrimination is discrimination toward the African Americans in the US. For those who face racial discrimination, they have to remain strong and continuously struggle to face it. Struggle is an effort to face difficulties to get or to do something. Poetry portrays the experience of the poet or particular occasions in the poet’s life. That is the reason why Sociological Approach is used in this research. The African American’s struggle theme is reflected in Naomi Long Madgett’s poems; to mention Midway and Alabama Centennial. The purpose of this research is to find the African Americans struggle toward discrimination in both poems. There are three racial discriminations that are shown in Midway and Alabama Centennial; they are racial discrimination in social issues, racial discrimination in education, and racial discrimination in politics. The discriminations are related to the African Americans struggle. The struggle is a result of the African Americans discrimination. The struggle and the African Americans discrimination are connected to the African Americans history to obtain freedom and civil right equality in America

Use of High-Level Questioning to Increase Student Achievement in Reading

This action research project explored the impact of asking students higher-level questions during guided reading instruction to increase reading comprehension and engagement. The study took place with eight students in two different on grade-level guided reading groups in a second and a third grade classroom. Baseline data was collected before students were presented increasingly higher-level questions over the course of six-weeks and a post-assessment was given to monitor students’ growth in the areas of comprehension and engagement. Data collected during the study included comprehension pre and post assessments with scoring rubric, pre and post reading attitude surveys, weekly teacher observation checklists, and teacher observation journals. Week by week student comprehension engagement increased and at the completion of the intervention, students demonstrated an overall increased ability to engage with and comprehend what they had read. The intervention of introducing higher-level questioning into guided reading instruction proved effective and will continue to be implemented as instructional best-practice in each of the participating teachers’ classrooms. Keywords: higher-level questioning, reading comprehension, reading engagemen

Les expositions d’histoire comme constructions narratives

L’écriture de l’histoire a fait l’objet d’un grand nombre d’études narratologiques. Celles-ci partent du principe que la relation de l’histoire s’appuie nécessairement sur une composante narrative, et que, dès lors, l’étude de cette part de récit dans l’historiographie permet de distinguer différents discours historiques. S’appuyant sur ces acquis ainsi que sur ceux de la narratologie transmédiale, cette courte étude tente d’étudier ce que les expositions ayant trait à l’histoire ont de narratif, comment elles supportent un discours, afin de proposer des critères pour caractériser ce discours, en le positionnant notamment par rapport au récit de fiction et au discours historique.Historiography has long been debated in the field of narratological analysis. The basic idea is that the writing of history necessarily features narrative traits which can be studied in order to distinguish different types of historical discourse. Based on the narratological study of historiography as well as on the rise of transmedial narratology, this short essay looks into the narrative features of exhibitions devoted to historical themes and into the way these exhibitions convey a discourse, so as to use these features as a means to identify this discourse and to compare it with fictional and historical narrative

Thermal Testing of Ablators in the NASA Johnson Space Center Radiant Heat Test Facility

A spacecraft's thermal protection system (TPS) is required to survive the harsh environment experienced during reentry. Accurate thermal modeling of the TPS is required to since uncertainties in the thermal response result in higher design margins and an increase in mass. The Radiant Heat Test Facility (RHTF) located at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) replicates the reentry temperatures and pressures on system level full scale TPS test models for the validation of thermal math models. Reusable TPS, i.e. tile or reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC), have been the primary materials tested in the past. However, current capsule designs for MPCV and commercial programs have required the use of an ablator TPS. The RHTF has successfully completed a pathfinder program on avcoat ablator material to demonstrate the feasibility of ablator testing. The test results and corresponding ablation analysis results are presented in this paper

Towards Personalized Explanations for AI Systems: Designing a Role Model for Explainable AI in Auditing

Due to a continuously growing repertoire of available methods and applications, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming an innovation driver for most industries. In the auditing domain, initial approaches of AI have already been discussed in scientific discourse, but practical application is still lagging behind. Caused by a highly regulated environment, the explainability of AI is of particular relevance. Using semi-structured expert interviews, we identified stakeholder specific requirements regarding explainable AI (XAI) in auditing. To address the needs of all involved stakeholders a theoretical role model for AI systems has been designed based on a systematic literature review. The role model has been instantiated and evaluated in the domain of financial statement auditing using focus groups of domain experts. The resulting model offers a foundation for the development of AI systems with personalized explanations and an optimized usage of existing XAI methods

Ablative Thermal Protection System (TPS) Margin Study

Predicting the reliability of the heat shield for crewed space vehicles has been a topic of continuing interest within NASA for many years. The design of a thermal protection system (TPS) is subject to numerous large sources of uncertainty and reliability assessments of such TPS are rare. The proposed talk discusses both the application of Design Of Experiments (DOE) to developing a new arc jet testing campaign for a given TPS and the reliability assessment conducted for the same TPS for a crewed space capsule (similar to Apollo capsules) to withstand re-entry to earth from space. The objectives of the study were to 1) provide recommendations for a planned arc jet testing campaign, 2) determine the design reliability of a proposed TPS, and 3) conduct a sensitivity analysis to determine the effect of input parameters and user choices on the TPS thermal design reliability. The development of a recommended arc jet test matrix employed a combination of techniques based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical methodology. The techniques employed include DOE, response surface (RS) methodology and uncertainty quantification (UQ). The recommended test matrix consisted of 30 test cases and includes four replicated condition pairs. Randomization was used to establish the test order, the testing facility, and the test sample cut pattern from three lots of material. The resulting arc jet test matrix was a compromise between one derived from statistical DOE techniques and the existing capabilities of arc jet test facilities located at NASA JSC and ARC. Statistical metrics were employed to objectively compare the assessment-derived matrix to an existing testing proposal. Five of the six metrics examined favored the new proposed test plan over the existing proposed test plan; one of the metrics (and, perhaps, the most important) strongly favored the new test plan proposal over the existing test plan. The reliability assessment investigated the sensitivity of reliability estimates to various input parameters, which included multiple studies to examine the total bond line temperature reliability based on 7 body point locations for 2 proposed trajectories. Each body point and trajectory combination was subjected to 5 different combinations of trajectory and aerothermal environment assumptions. The reliability was assessed based on a composite material failure criterion, which associated a greater probability of system failure proportional with the exceedance of an assumed safe bond line temperature limit. The study also investigated the sensitivity of reliability predictions to various input and problem formulation parameters. A large, statistically significant difference was found in the estimated TPS reliability when considering various formulations of the reliability problem, including the use of different failure conditions. The proposed talk will summarize the work performed in these areas and highlight some of the findings and recommendations that emerged from the work

Heuristic Theorizing in Software Development: Deriving Design Principles for Smart Glasses-based Systems

Design knowledge on smart glasses-based systems is scarce. Utilizing literature analysis on software development publications, insights from the design and implementation of four smart glasses-based systems and expert interviews, we elicited 16 design principles to provide guidance in the development of future service support systems. Heuristic Theorizing is an abductive Design Science Research method, hitherto far too little known or little noticed, which was applied to conduct the research. We contribute to theory and practice with applicable design principles to support the development of smart glasses-based systems. Phenomena known to have an impact on the adoption of smart glasses are addressed by these design principles

Estudi client invisible Park Güell

Sol·licitant de l’informe: Barcelona de Serveis Municipals, S.A. (BSM