PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA PECAHAN MELALUI MODEL KOOPERATIF THE POWER OF TWO

Abstract: The aim of this research is to improve solve ability story problem fraction with used cooperative model The Power Of Two. This research belongs to a classroom action research. The research was carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Subjects were elementary school students in fourth grade Kenep 01 Academic Year 2011/2012 which amounts to 18 students consist of 8 boys and 10 girls. The source data were obtained from primary data of students, teachers, and Headmaster of Elementary school Kenep 01. The source of secondary data consist of file/document and the result observation by teacher foutth class. The average value of the cycle pre-class 54,44; the first cycle raise to 64,16 and at 79,16 reached second cycle. The conclusions of this research is implementation sociodramatic methods could develop the motivation to learn mathematics in the fourth grade students Elementary School Kenep 01 Sukoharjo year 2011/2012. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan kemampuan menyelesaikan soal cerita pecahan melalui pembelajaranl kooperatif The Power Of Two. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitiannya adalah siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Kenep 01 Tahun pelajaran 2011/2012 yang berjumlah 18 siswa terdiri dari 8 siswa laki-laki dan 10 siswa perempuan. Data yang diperoleh peneliti yaitu sumber data pokok (Primer) yaitu dari para siswa, guru, kepala sekolah SD Negeri Kenep 01. Sumber data sekunder meliputi arsip/dokumen, dan hasil observasi oleh guru kelas sendiri. Nilai rata-rata kelas yaitu sebelum tindakan sebesar 54,44; siklus I naik menjadi 64,16 dan pada siklus II naik menjadi 79,16. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif The Power Of Two dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menyelesaikan soal cerita pada siswa kelas IV SDN Kenep 01 Sukoharjo Tahun 2011/2012. Kata kunci : soal cerita pecahan, model kooperatif The Power Of Two, kemampuan menyelesaika

Olfactory ensheathing cell membrane properties are shaped by connectivity

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) have been repeatedly implicated in mediating plasticity, particularly in situ in the olfactory nerve where they support the extension of olfactory sensory neuron (OSNs) axons from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb (OB). OECs are specialized glia whose processes surround OSN axon fascicles within the olfactory nerve and across the OB surface. Despite their purported importance in promoting axon extension, and following transplants, little is known about either morphology or biophysical properties of OECs in situ. In particular, cell-cell interactions that may influence OEC function are largely unexplored. Here, we studied OEC connectivity and morphology in slice preparations, preserving tissue structure and cell-cell interactions. Our analyses showed that OECs form a matrix of cellular projections surrounding axons, unique among glia, and express high levels of connexin-43. Lucifer Yellow injections revealed selective dye coupling among small subgroups of OECs. Two types of OECs were biophysically distinguished with whole cell voltage clamp recordings: 1) with low input resistance (Ri), linear current profiles, and frequently dye coupled; and 2) with high Ri, non-linear current profiles, and infrequent dye coupling. Pharmacological blockade of gap junctions changed OEC membrane properties such that linear OECs became non-linear. Double recordings indicated that the appearance of the non-linear current profile was associated with the loss of electrical coupling between OECs. We conclude that the diversity of OEC current profiles can be explained by differences in gap junction connectivity and discuss implications of this diversity for OEC influences on axon growth and excitability.Fil: Rela, Lorena. University of Yale; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bordey, Angelique. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Greer, Charles A.. University of Yale; Estados Unido

Fluctuaciones de radiación solar visible

Con el objeto de evaluar el error estadístico en contrastes pirheliométricos, se ha desarrollado un circuito puente, una de cuyas ramas está constituida por un fotorresistor. La sensibilidad del puente es de aproximadamente 1 parte en 100.000. Se ha acoplado además un conjunto de filtros RC para aislar las fluctuaciones de diferente base de tiempo. Se han obtenido resultados experimentales, y se mencionan otras aplicaciones meteorológicas.In order to evaluate the statistical error of pyrheliometric calibrations, work was started on the development of an instrument designed for measuring fluctuations of solar radiation intensity. The instrument consists of a bridge circuit one of whose arms are a light dependent resistor. The bridge's sensibility is about one part in 100.000. A system of RC fitters was added, in order to isolate fluctuations occurring in different time bases. Experimental results have been obtained, and other meteorological applications are mentioned.De manière à évaluer l'erreur statistique des paramètres radiatifs, un travail a été entrepris pour développer un instrument conçu pour la mesure des fluctuations de l’intensité des radiations solaires. L'appareil comprend un pont dont l'une des branches comporte une pLotorésistance. La sensibilité du pont est de 1/100.000. Un système de filtres RC permet d'isoler les fluctuations se produisant avec des bases de temps différentes.Asociación Argentina de Geofísicos y Geodesta

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA PECAHAN MELALUI MODEL KOOPERATIF THE POWER OF TWO

Abstract: The aim of this research is to improve solve ability story problem fraction with used cooperative model The Power Of Two. This research belongs to a classroom action research. The research was carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Subjects were elementary school students in fourth grade Kenep 01 Academic Year 2011/2012 which amounts to 18 students consist of 8 boys and 10 girls. The source data were obtained from primary data of students, teachers, and Headmaster of Elementary school Kenep 01. The source of secondary data consist of file/document and the result observation by teacher foutth class. The average value of the cycle pre-class 54,44; the first cycle raise to 64,16 and at 79,16 reached second cycle. The conclusions of this research is implementation sociodramatic methods could develop the motivation to learn mathematics in the fourth grade students Elementary School Kenep 01  Sukoharjo year 2011/2012.Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan kemampuan menyelesaikan soal cerita pecahan melalui pembelajaranl kooperatif The Power Of Two. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitiannya adalah siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Kenep 01 Tahun pelajaran 2011/2012 yang berjumlah 18 siswa terdiri dari 8 siswa laki-laki dan 10 siswa perempuan. Data yang diperoleh peneliti yaitu sumber data pokok (Primer) yaitu dari para siswa, guru, kepala sekolah SD Negeri Kenep 01. Sumber data sekunder meliputi arsip/dokumen, dan hasil observasi oleh guru kelas sendiri. Nilai rata-rata kelas yaitu sebelum tindakan sebesar 54,44; siklus I naik menjadi 64,16 dan pada siklus II naik menjadi 79,16. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif The Power Of Two dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menyelesaikan soal cerita pada siswa kelas IV SDN Kenep  01 Sukoharjo Tahun 2011/2012. Kata kunci : soal cerita pecahan, model kooperatif The Power Of Two, kemampuan menyelesaika

Impact of donation mode on the proportion and function of T lymphocytes in the liver

Background Liver T-cells respond to the inflammatory insult generated during organ procurement and contribute to the injury following reperfusion. The mode of liver donation alters various metabolic and inflammatory pathways but the way it affects intrahepatic T-cells is still unclear. Methods We investigated the modifications occurring in the proportion and function of T-cells during liver procurement for transplantation. We isolated hepatic mononuclear cells (HMC) from liver perfusate of living donors (LD) and donors after brain death (DBD) or cardiac death (DCD) and assessed the frequency of T-cell subsets, their cytokine secretion profile and CD8 T-cell cytotoxicity function, responsiveness to a danger associated molecular pattern (High Mobility Group Box1, HMGB1) and association with donor and recipient clinical parameters and immediate graft outcome. Results We found that T-cells in healthy human livers were enriched in memory CD8 T-cells exhibiting a phenotype of non-circulating tissue-associated lymphocytes, functionally dominated by more cytotoxicity and IFN-γ-production in DBD donors, including upon activation by HMGB1 and correlating with peak of post-transplant AST. This liver-specific pattern of CD8 T-cell was prominent in DBD livers compared to DCD and LD livers suggesting that it was influenced by events surrounding brain death, prior to retrieval. Conclusion Mode of liver donation can affect liver T-cells with increased liver damage in DBD donors. These findings may be relevant in designing therapeutic strategies aimed at organ optimization prior to transplantation

Refined size estimates for Furstenberg sets via Hausdorff measures: a survey of some recent results

In this survey we collect and discuss some recent results on the so called “Furstenberg set problem”, which in its classical form concerns the estimates of the Hausdorff dimension (dimH) of the sets in the Fα-class: for a given α ∈ (0, 1], a set E ⊆ R2 is in the Fα-class if for each e ∈ S there exists a unit line segment `e in the direction of e such that dimH(` ∩ E) ≥ α. For α = 1, this problem is essentially equivalent to the “Kakeya needle problem”. Define γ(α) = inf {dimH(E) : E ∈ Fα}. The best known results on γ(α) are the following inequalities: max {1/2 + α; 2α} ≤ γ(α) ≤ (1 + 3α)/2. In this work we approach this problem from a more general point of view, in terms of a generalized Hausdorff measure Hh associated with the dimension function h. We define the class Fh of Furstenberg sets associated to a given dimension function h. The natural requirement for a set E to belong to Fh, is that Hh(`e ∩ E) > 0 for each direction. We generalize the known results in terms of “logarithmic gaps” and obtain analogues to the estimates given above. Moreover, these analogues allow us to extend our results to the endpoint α = 0. For the upper bounds we exhibit an explicit construction of Fh-sets which are small enough. To that end we adapt and prove some results on Diophantine Approximation about the the dimension of a set of “well approximable numbers”. We also obtain results about the dimension of Furstenberg sets in the class Fαβ, defined analogously to the class Fα but only for a fractal set L ⊂ S of directions such that dimH(L) ≥ β. We prove analogous inequalities reflecting the interplay between α and β. This problem is also studied in the general scenario of Hausdorff measures

Blood vessels form a migratory scaffold in the rostral migratory stream

In adult mice, new neurons born in the subventricular zone (SVZ), lining the lateral ventricles, migrate tangentially into the olfactory bulb along a well-delineated path, the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS). Neuroblasts in the RMS migrate tangentially in chains, without a recognized migratory scaffold. Here, we quantitatively examine the distribution of, and relationships between, cells within the RMS, throughout its rostral-caudal extent. We show that there is a higher density of blood vessels in the RMS than in other brain regions, including areas with equal cell density, and that the orientation of blood vessels parallels the RMS throughout the caudal to rostral path. Of particular interest, migratory neuroblast chains are longitudinally aligned along blood vessels within the RMS, with over 80% of vessel length in rostral areas of the RMS apposed by neuroblasts. Electron micrographs show direct contact between endothelial cells and neuroblasts, although intervening astrocytic processes are often present. Within the RMS, astrocytes arborize extensively, extending long processes which are parallel to blood vessels and the direction of neuroblast migration. Thus, the astrocytic processes establish a longitudinal alignment within the RMS, rather than a more typical stellate shape. This complementary alignment suggests that blood vessels and astrocytes may cooperatively establish a scaffold for migrating neuroblasts, as well as provide and regulate migratory cues

Laparoscopic versus open left lateral segmentectomy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Laparoscopic liver surgery is becoming increasingly common. This cohort study was designed to directly compare perioperative outcomes of the left lateral segmentectomy via laparoscopic and open approach.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Between 2002 and 2006 43 left lateral segmentectomies were performed at King's College Hospital. Those excluded from analysis included previous liver resections, polycystic liver disease, liver cirrhosis and synchronous operations. Of 20 patients analysed, laparoscopic (n = 10) were compared with open left lateral segmentectomy (n = 10). Both groups had similar patient characteristics.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Morbidity rates were similar with no wound or chest infection in either group. The conversion rate was 10% (1/10). There was no difference in operating time between the groups (median time 220 minutes versus 179 minutes, p = 0.315). Surgical margins for all lesions were clear. Less postoperative opiate analgesics were required in the laparoscopic group (median 2 days versus 5 days, p = 0.005). The median postoperative in-hospital stay was less in the laparoscopic group (6 days vs 9 days, p = 0.005). There was no mortality.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Laparoscopic left lateral segmentectomy is safe and feasible. Laparoscopic patients may benefit from requiring less postoperative opiate analgesia and a shorter post-operative in-hospital stay.</p