Teaching and learning history in Australian primary schools: pedagogical shifts, complexities and opportunities

From 2011 the teaching and learning of History will be expanded into all primary schools (Kindergarten – Year 6) throughout Australia under a National Curriculum, including the formal preschool/kindergarten year. History as one of four core subjects will replace current studies of society and environment curriculum taught in primary schools across. The curriculum implementation process will involve a cultural and pedagogical shift as primary teachers make adjustments to the discipline of History. This article begins with an outline of the current curriculum context. An analysis of the New South Wales Human Society and Its Environment and the Australian Curriculum: History Draft Consultation documents follows. The findings indicate that the History Draft Consultation lacks clear guidance for teachers and has a number of shortcomings compared to the NSW HSIE syllabus. There are opportunities, however, for primary teachers because of the broad similarities of content knowledge in both documents and the embedded historical concepts in the NSW syllabus document

What incentives does Niger have for cracking down on migrant smuggling? Not many

Niger became the first country to criminalise migrant smuggling in May 2015. In this article, Tuesday Reitano examines the probability of gaining Niger’s cooperation in tackling the trade

Water Harvesting and Water Collection Systems in Mediterranean Area. The case of Malta

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Boundary values and restrictions of generalized functions with applications

Thesis. 1976. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mathematics.Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science.Vita.Includes bibliographical references.by Robert R. Reitano.Ph.D

Magnetic Nonequivalence in Higher Alkyl Groups

The phenomenon of magnetic nonequivalence has been growing in recent years. Unequal populations of the various conformers in such molecules are normally accepted as the cause of nonequivalence, but nuclei which are stereochemically nonequivalent are not necessarily magnetically nonequivalent. This nonequivalence has been demonstrated for molecules of the type ABDC8CHR1R2, where R + H, F, and Me. Although in principle the effect is quite general this has not been previously observed in freely rotating systems for groups larger than methyl. The role of steric factors, the size of the substituents and the distances between different parts of the molecules, have been discussed. In the present investigation these observations have been extended to demonstrate magnetic nonequivalence in higher groups including ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, isobutyl and benzyl by conversion of the appropriate alcohols to their mandelate esters

Use of Broadband Networks for Realtime Volcanic Monitoring Techniques

The INGV has a Monitoring Centre in Catania, based on semi-automatic systems, able to spread, in near real time, all the most significant information in seismological and volcanic matters. New monitoring techniques, with on line data processing and continuous data update, are of course very useful to understand volcanoes activities and for correct hazard evaluation in volcanic areas. Moreover massive use of hardware and software for real time systems requires very large amount of broadband connections. New architectures have been developed to acquire, analyze and visualize on line data, providing higher accuracy, band optimization and systems robustness

Heterogeneous effects of the Covid-19 crisis on Italian workers’ incomes: the role played by jobs routinization and teleworkability

The Covid-19 pandemic appears to have engendered heterogeneous effects on individuals’ labour market prospects. This paper focuses on two possible sources of a heterogeneous exposition to labour market risks associated with the pandemic outbreak: the routine task content of the job and the teleworkability. To evaluate whether these dimensions played a crucial role in amplifying employment and wage gaps among workers, we focus on the case of Italy, the first EU country hit by the Covid-19 first wave. We use a static microsimulation model based on data from the Statistics on Income and Living Condition survey (IT-SILC) enriched with administrative data and aligned to monthly observed labour market dynamics by industry and regions. We simulate changes in the wage distribution in 2020 and investigate whether income drops risks – before and after income support measures to capture the effect of public redistribution – differed among workers whose jobs are characterised by a different degree of routinization (as proxied by the routine task intensity - RTI index) and teleworkability (as proxied by the TWA index). We find that RTI and TWA are negatively and positively associated with wages, respectively, and they are correlated with higher (respectively lower) risks of a large labour income drop due to the pandemic. However, differences in income drop risks for workers who differ by RTI and TWA largely reduce when income support measures are considered

Cemented on the Rock. A Pleistocene Outer Shelf Lithobiont Community from Sicily, Italy

The lithobiont community encrusting an early Pleistocene palaeocliff cropping out north of Augusta (SE Sicily, Italy) was investigated based on field observations and laboratory inspection of two rocky samples. Bryozoans, serpulids, brachiopods and bivalves encrusted part of the exposed surfaces that were bored mostly by clionaid sponges. Bryozoans, with at least 25 species detected on the rocky samples, are the most diversified skeletonized lithobionts also accounting for the highest number of colonies/specimens and highest coverage. Brachiopods, with the only species Novocrania anomala and a few but large cemented valves, cover wide surfaces. Serpulids, with two species identified on the sampled rocks and further two on the outcrop, were intermediate. A multiphase colonization is present, including a final epilithobiont community locally formed on eroded surfaces exposing a network of pervasive borings. The co-occurrence of very sciaphilic species having circalittoral to bathyal distributions suggests that the studied community thrived on a rocky substratum located near or at the shelf break, probably belonging to the shelf break (or RL) biocoenosis, also in agreement with observations on the fossil content of neighboring marly sediments. The observed relationships among colonizers largely represent mere superimpositions, and real interactions are not enough to state species competitiveness

Solute Trapping of Group III, IV, and V Elements in Silicon by an Aperiodic Stepwise Growth Mechanism

With rapid solidification following pulsed laser melting, we have measured the dependence on interface orientation of the amount of solute trapping of several group III, IV, and V elements (As, Ga, Ge, In, Sb, Sn) in Si. The aperiodic stepwise growth model of Goldman and Aziz accurately fits both the velocity and orientation dependence of solute trapping of all of these solutes except Ge. The success of the model implies a ledge structure for the crystal/melt interface and a step-flow mechanism for growth from the melt. In addition, we have observed an empirical inverse correlation between the two free parameters (-“diffusive speeds”) in this model and the equilibrium solute partition coefficient of a system. This correlation may be used to estimate values of these free parameters for other systems in which solute trapping has not or cannot be measured. The possible microscopic origin of such a correlation is discussed.Engineering and Applied Science