Qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral numa população pré-escolar

Tese de mestrado, Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, 2020Introdução: A Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde Oral (QdVRSO) é uma construção multidimensional que alia indicadores clínicos tradicionais, como o índice CPO (dentes cariados, perdidos ou obturados), a indicadores subjetivos, como a dor, aspetos funcionais, psicológicos e sociais, desempenhando um papel crucial na abordagem terapêutica e na promoção e prevenção da saúde oral. Objetivos: Conhecer a QdVRSO, a prevalência e gravidade de Cárie Precoce da Infância (CPI) e os seus fatores associados, numa população pré-escolar da Freguesia de Alvalade. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, em que foi aplicado, aos encarregados de educação, um questionário referente aos comportamentos relacionados com a saúde oral e que incluía a versão portuguesa do instrumento ECOHIS (Early Childhood Oral Health Quality of Life). Foi também efetuada uma observação intraoral por observadores calibrados. Para o diagnóstico de cárie foram utilizados os critérios da OMS e calculado o Índice CPO (dentes cariados, perdidos ou obturados). Na análise foi efetuada a estatística descritiva e utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney e Kruskall-Wallis (α=0,05%). Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 149 crianças, com uma idade média de 3,91 (dp=0,75) anos. A pontuação global do ECOHIS foi 3,0 (dp=2,8). A prevalência de CPI foi 22,8% e o cpod médio 0,67 (dp=1,7). O único fator com associação significativa (p=0,048) à QdVRSO foi a idade da criança e foi apenas encontrado na dimensão familiar do ECOHIS. Os fatores associados à CPI foram a idade, o uso de dentífrico fluoretado, a ajuda diária na escovagem dos dentes, o início da escovagem antes do primeiro ano de vida e o jardim-de-infância frequentado (p<0,05). Conclusão: A população apresentou valores de QdVRSO positivos e uma moderada-baixa prevalência de CPI, no entanto, seria importante o reforço dos comportamentos saudáveis de saúde oral, nomeadamente, dos fatores comportamentais que se verificaram associados à CPI.Introduction: Oral health related to quality of Life (OHRQoL) is a multidimensional construction that combines traditional clinical indicators, such as the DMF (Decay, missing, filled teeth) Index, with subjective indicators, such as pain, functional, psychological and social, playing a crucial role in the therapeutic approach and in promotion and prevention of oral health. Objective: The aim of this study is know the OHRQoL, to assess the prevalence and severity of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and associated factors in a preschool population from the parish of Alvalade. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which a questionnaire regarding behaviors related to oral health was applied to parents/caregivers. An intraoral observation was also carried out by properly calibrated observers. For the diagnosis of dental caries, the criteria of the DMF Index were used, whereas for the study of the OHRQoL, the ECOHIS instrument (Early Childhood Oral Health Quality of Life). For the statistical analysis, the Chi-square, the Mann-Whitney and the Kruskall-Wallis tests were used (α=0,05%). Results: Overall, the sample consisted of 56 children, with an average age of 3.91 years (sd=0,75). The global score of ECOHIS was 3.0(sd=2,8). The prevalence of ECC was 22,8% and the mean DMF was 0,67 (sd=1,7). The only factor with a significant association with OHRQoL was the child’s age and at the level of the family section of ECOHIS. The main factors associated with ECC were age, use of fluoride toothpaste, daily help in brushing teeth, beginning of brushing before the first year of life and the kindergarten attended. Conclusion: Although the sample analyzed presented a good OHRQoL and low prevalence of ECC, it would be important to reinforce healthy oral health behaviors, such as, the behavioral factors that were found to be associated with ECC

Screening of infection by human immunodeficiency virus at the time of delivery

PURPOSE: to evaluate the frequency of HIV tests performed during prenatal care and rapid tests ordered for pregnant women admitted at the time of delivery. METHOD: this was a cross-sectional study with 711 pregnant women at delivery during the period from January to July 2010. Women admitted for clinical control and those that did not allow their clinical data to be included in the study were excluded. The χ² test or the Fisher's Exact test was used for comparison of the proportion in univariate analysis. All the variables with p<0.25 were included in the logistic regression model, called initial model. The analyses were carried out using the SPSS software, with the level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS: the mean age of the patients was 25.77±6.7 years and the maximum and minimum age was 44 and 12 years, respectively. The average gestational age at the time of attendance was 38.41±6.7 weeks. Of these patients, 96.3% (n=685) had prenatal care and 11.1% (n=79) received prenatal care at our facility. The average number of prenatal care visits was 6.85±2.88, but 28.1% had less than six visits. We identified 10 HIV-positive pregnant women (1.4%) and two patients were known to be HIV positive. The others (n=8) were screened at birth and therefore did not receive ARV prophylaxis during the prenatal period. Three patients were admitted during the expulsion period and also did not receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. However, all newborns were evaluated, with lactation being suppressed and artificial milk being used. CONCLUSIONS: despite the measures established by the Ministry of Health, there are still flaws in the approach to these patients. Only with the participation of managers and professionals involved in care it will be possible to correct the direct actions that enable the effective prevention of vertical transmission of HIV.OBJETIVO: avaliar a frequência de testes anti-HIV realizados no pré-natal e de testes rápidos solicitados para estantes internadas para o parto. MÉTODO: trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal com 711 gestantes atendidas no momento do parto no período de janeiro a julho de 2010. Excluíram-se do estudo aquelas admitidas para controle clínico e as que não permitiram que seus dados fossem incluídos na pesquisa. Utilizou-se o teste do χ² ou o teste de Fisher para comparação de proporções na análise univariada. Foram incluídas no modelo de regressão logística todas as variáveis com valor p<0,25, chamado de modelo inicial. Utilizou-se o pacote estatístico SPSS e adotou-se o nível de significância estatística de 5%. RESULTADOS: a idade média das pacientes foi de 25,77±6,7 anos, sendo a idade máxima e mínima de 44 e 12 anos, respectivamente. A média da idade gestacional no momento do atendimento foi de 38,41±6,7 semanas. Destas pacientes, 96,3% (n=685) tinham acompanhamento pré-natal, sendo que 11,1% (n=79) fizeram pré-natal na Maternidade Therezinha de Jesus, da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), em Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. A média de consultas no pré-natal foi de 6,85±2,88, mas 28,1% tiveram menos de 6 consultas. Identificaram-se 10 gestantes soropositivas para o HIV (1,4%), sendo 2 pacientes sabidamente soropositivas. As demais (n=8) foram rastreadas no momento do parto e, por isso, não receberam a profilaxia ARV no pré-natal. Três pacientes foram admitidas em período expulsivo e também não receberam a profilaxia intraparto. Entretanto, todos os recém-nascidos foram avaliados e foi realizada a supressão da lactação e iniciada a formulação láctea. CONCLUSÕES: apesar das medidas estabelecidas pelo Ministério da Saúde, ainda existem falhas na abordagem destas pacientes. Somente com o envolvimento dos gestores e a capacitação dos profissionais envolvidos no atendimento será possível o correto direcionamento de ações que possibilitem a prevenção efetiva da transmissão vertical do HIV

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Seminário de Dissertação (2024)

Página da disciplina de Seminário de Dissertação (MPPP, UFPE, 2022) Lista de participantes == https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mrULe1y04yPxHUBaF50jhaM1OY8QYJ3zva4N4yvm198/edit#gid=

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq