Chapter 3 Representation of children with disabilities and cognitive justice in Haiti

It is a well-known fact that the Haitian education system is marked by school segregation as a corollary of social segregation (Joint, 2008; Tardieu 2017; Abraham, 2019). This system of educational apartheid maintains the structural exclusion of disadvantaged and vulnerable children from quality education. In other words, it maintains the learning gap between children from urban and rural areas; between learners from upscale neighborhoods and those from slums; between those of 'well-educated' parents and those of uneducated and impoverished parents. But what about children with disabilities? What kind of reception or educational relationship is provided in the education system for children with physical disabilities or learning disabilities? The results of this research mainly revolve around four key notions, namely: social representations, the social model of disability, pedagogical relations and cognitive justice. They highlight the weight of the social representations of people with disabilities on the forms of educational relationships built and practiced at school. While expectations are high in terms of human resources and adapted teaching materials, this study reveals that all public education policies guided by the principles of inclusion and cognitive justice must act upstream on the underlying thought patterns. These constitute deep obstacles to the intellectual and social emancipation of children with disabilities

Chapter 3 Representation of children with disabilities and cognitive justice in Haiti

It is a well-known fact that the Haitian education system is marked by school segregation as a corollary of social segregation (Joint, 2008; Tardieu 2017; Abraham, 2019). This system of educational apartheid maintains the structural exclusion of disadvantaged and vulnerable children from quality education. In other words, it maintains the learning gap between children from urban and rural areas; between learners from upscale neighborhoods and those from slums; between those of 'well-educated' parents and those of uneducated and impoverished parents. But what about children with disabilities? What kind of reception or educational relationship is provided in the education system for children with physical disabilities or learning disabilities? The results of this research mainly revolve around four key notions, namely: social representations, the social model of disability, pedagogical relations and cognitive justice. They highlight the weight of the social representations of people with disabilities on the forms of educational relationships built and practiced at school. While expectations are high in terms of human resources and adapted teaching materials, this study reveals that all public education policies guided by the principles of inclusion and cognitive justice must act upstream on the underlying thought patterns. These constitute deep obstacles to the intellectual and social emancipation of children with disabilities

Haitian Heritages and the Need to Foster Cultural Diversity

In a country such as Haiti, where tolerance and dialogue historically struggled to take root, it would seem to be an ethical imperative to work at promoting the recognition of 'cultural diversity'. In certain situations, not to recognize this diversity could be a violation of human dignity. By contrast, affirming diversity is a statement of a desire for 'harmonious interaction among people and groups with plural, varied and dynamic cultural identities, as well as their willingness to live together'. This article will try to highlight the complexity of meanings and values present in Haitian heritage, owing to the multiple viewpoints that shape the relationships within Haiti's varied cultural inheritance. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down

Hierarchy of lesion processing governs the repair, double-strand break formation and mutability of three-lesion clustered DNA damage

Ionising radiation induces clustered DNA damage sites which pose a severe challenge to the cell’s repair machinery, particularly base excision repair. To date, most studies have focussed on two-lesion clusters. We have designed synthetic oligonucleotides to give a variety of three-lesion clusters containing abasic sites and 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydroguanine to investigate if the hierarchy of lesion processing dictates whether the cluster is cytotoxic or mutagenic. Clusters containing two tandem 8-oxoG lesions opposing an AP site showed retardation of repair of the AP site with nuclear extract and an elevated mutation frequency after transformation into wild-type or mutY Escherichia coli. Clusters containing bistranded AP sites with a vicinal 8-oxoG form DSBs with nuclear extract, as confirmed in vivo by transformation into wild-type E. coli. Using ung1 E. coli, we propose that DSBs arise via lesion processing rather than stalled replication in cycling cells. This study provides evidence that it is not only the prompt formation of DSBs that has implications on cell survival but also the conversion of non-DSB clusters into DSBs during processing and attempted repair. The inaccurate repair of such clusters has biological significance due to the ultimate risk of tumourigenesis or as potential cytotoxic lesions in tumour cells

Inmate Collective Action.

Mass inmate disturbances have been the subject of volumes of studies and investigations. Still explanations of these events are fragmented and narrow in perspective. This dissertation develops an integrated framework based on structural dimensions of prisons to account for disturbances where inmates undertake collective action against prison authority. Sociological theories of social conflict and collective action and particularly the resource mobilization perspective provide the underpinnings of the theory developed and tested. Our effort was to identify structural attributes of prison organization, i.e., their control orientation, stability, and adaptability, and forms of inmate social organization, i.e., the differentiated, the monolithic, and the atomistic, which we hypothesized would be associated with different probabilities of inmate collective action occurring and different levels of collective action intensity. Data for this study was collected from a representative sample of 45 U.S. male adult prison through mailed survey questionnaires. Analytic methods used were correlation, regression, and factor analysis. The results of the study indicate that custodial, unstable, and nonadaptive prison structures experienced more collective action than did prisons with ameliorative, stable, and restrictively adaptive structures. We also found that differentiated inmate populations, those with many inmate subgroups and organizations, were more likely to experience collective action, and collective actions with greater intensity than other forms of inmate social organization. In addition, the collective action prone prison structures and forms of inmate social organization tended to occur together in a nonramdom fashion suggesting that to some extent the structural characteristics of each take predictable forms as a consequence of their interaction over control within the organization. The theoretical argument made is that inmate collective action may be understood as the structural consequences of means and opportunities between prison authority and inmate populations. We argue that such a perspective provides a more wholistic and integrated framework in accounting for inmate collective action.Ph.D.CriminologyUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/159262/1/8304577.pd

Studi Diskriptif Destinasi dan Atraksi Wisata Bali Berdasarkan First Time dan Repeater Visitors Wisatawan Surabaya

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasikan destinasi wisatawan di Bali dan atraksi wisata apa yang menarik wisatawan di Bali berdasarkan status frekuensi kunjungan wisatawan: the first time dan repeater visitor Jumlah responden penelitian ini sebanyak 100 wisatawan yang terdiri dari the first time visitor dan the repeater visitor. Teknik analisa data dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif frekuensi Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan pada status kunjungan, terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan antara the first time visitor dan the repeater visitor. Adapun persamaannya dilihat dari karakteristik bahwa keduanya sebagian besar adalah wisatawan dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki dengan lama kunjungan rata-rata 7 hari, destinasi wisata yang paling banyak dikunjungi adalah Pantai Kuta dan atraksi wisata yang paling banyak dinikmati adalah panorama. Sedangkan perbedaan antara the first time visitor dan the repeater visitor berdasarkan destinasi wisata favorit yaitu untuk the first time visitor sebagian besar dengan destinasi wisata favorit adalah Nusa Dua-Tanjung Benoa sedangkan destinasi wisata paling favorit untuk the repeater visitor adalah Pantai Kuta, dan untuk atraksi wisata yang dinilai favorit oleh the first time visitor adalah budaya dan atraksi wisata yang dinilai favorit oleh the repeater visitor adalah panorama

Détection, caractérisation et mesure d'un nouveau dommage radio-induit de l'ADN isolé et cellulaire

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains the genetic information and chemical injury to this macromolecule may have severe biological consequences. We report here the detection of 4 new radiation-induced DNA lesions by using a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) approach. For that purpose, the characteristic fragmentation of most 2'-deoxyribonucleosides, the loss of 116 Da corresponding to the loss of the 2-deoxyribose moiety, was used in the so-called neutral loss mode of the HPLC-MS/MS. One of the newly detected lesions, named dCyd341 because it is a 2'-deoxycytidine modification exhibiting a molecular weight of 341 Da, was also detected in cellular DNA. Characterization of this modified nucleoside was performed using NMR and exact mass determination of the product obtained by chemical synthesis. A mechanism of formation was then proposed, in which the first event is the H-abstraction at the C4 position of a 2-deoxyribose moiety. Then, the sugar modification produced exhibits a reactive aldehyde that, through reaction with a vicinal cytosine base, gives rise to dCyd341. dCyd341 could be considered as a complex damage since its formation involves a DNA strand break and a cross-link between a damaged sugar residue and a vicinal cytosine base located most probably on the complementary DNA strand. In addition to its characterization, preliminary biological studies revealed that cells are able to remove the lesion from DNA.Repair studies have revealed the ability of cells to excise the lesion. Identification of the repair systems involved could represent an interesting challenge.L'acide désoxyribonucléique (ADN) est porteur de l'information génétique et les conséquences biologiques des lésions survenant sur cette molécule peuvent être importantes. Nous avons utilisé la chromatographie liquide haute performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en mode tandem (CLHP/SM-SM) pour mettre en évidence la formation de nouvelles lésions radio-induites de l'ADN. L'analyse par CLHP/SM-SM en mode « perte de neutre » utilise la perte de 116 unités de masse, spécifique de la fragmentation de la majorité des nucléosides. Ainsi, 4 nouvelles lésions radio-induites, dont la quantité formée est proportionnelle à la dose d'irradiation, ont été détectées dans l'ADN isolé. L'une d'elles, la dCyd341 est de plus formée dans l'ADN cellulaire. Il s'agit d'une modification de la 2'-désoxycytidine (dCyd) ayant un poids moléculaire de 341 uma. La synthèse chimique de ce nucléoside modifié nous a permis de le caractériser par résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) et de déterminer sa masse exacte. Un mécanisme de formation a été proposé, dans lequel l'évènement initiateur est l'arrachement de l'atome d'hydrogène en position 4 du 2-désoxyribose (dR) génèrant un intermédiaire aldéhydique capable de réagir sur une cytosine voisine. La dCyd341 peut être considérée comme un dommage complexe, sa formation impliquant une cassure de la chaîne d'ADN et un pontage entre un produit de modification du dR et une dCyd voisine. En plus de sa caractérisation, de premières études biologiques portant sur la réparation de la dCyd341 ont révélé que la lésion est excisée de l'ADN avec une certaine efficacité