Eagle Wallet

The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed the world towards contactless technology. With the increase of these tech innovations the advantages have become clear. Using a smart phone to pay for items is convenient and efficient. The “Eagle Wallet” Android application utilizes Radio Frequency ID (RFID)/Near Field Communications (NFC) technology so students, faculty, and staff can use their smart phone to pay for meals. The application allows users to take advantage of the University’s “Dining Dollars” discount of ten percent off posted prices as well as view progress of any meal plans purchased. The user’s login credentials are stored safely in a remote server, and bank information uses bank grade security. The future implementations for the application would be to have the application work with on campus scanners at vending machines, campus merchants, bookstore, and buildings. The less contact between people and public items the less the virus is spread on campus

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, pertactin, pertussis toxin S1 subunit polymorphisms, and surfaceome analysis of vaccine and clinical Bordetella pertussis strains

To add new insight to our previous work on the molecular epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis in Argentina, the prn and ptxS1 gene sequences and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of 57 clinical isolates obtained during two periods, 1969 to 1989 and 1997 to 2006, were analyzed. Non-vaccine-type ptxS1A was detected in isolates obtained since 1969. From 1989 on, a shift of predominance from the vaccine prn1 type to the nonvaccine prn2 type was observed. This was also reflected in a transition of PFGE group IV to group VI. These results show that nonvaccine B. pertussis strains are currently circulating. To analyze whether the observed genomic divergences between vaccine strains and clinical isolates have functional implications, protection assays using the intranasal mouse challenge model were performed. For such experiments, the clinical isolate B. pertussis 106 was selected as representative of circulating bacteria, since it came from the major group of the PFGE dendrogram (PFGE group VI). Groups of mice were immunized either with diphtheria-tetanus- whole-cell pertussis vaccine (ptxS1B prn1) or a vaccine prepared by us containing B. pertussis 106. Immunized mice were then challenged with a B. pertussis vaccine strain (Tohama, harboring ptxS1B and prn1) or the clinical isolate B. pertussis 106 (ptxS1A prn2). An adequate bacterial-elimination rate was observed only when mice were immunized and challenged with the same kind of strain. For further characterization, comparative proteomic profiling of enriched membrane proteins was done using three vaccine strains and the selected B. pertussis 106 clinical isolate. By matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis, a total of 54 proteins were identified. This methodology allowed us to detect differing proteins among the four strains studied and, in particular, to distinguish the three vaccine strains from each other, as well as the vaccine strains from the clinical isolate. The differing proteins observed have cellular roles associated with amino acid and carbohydrate transport and metabolism. Some of them have been proposed as novel vaccine candidate proteins for other pathogens. Overall, the global strategy described here is presented as a good tool for the development of next-generation acellular vaccines.Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecula

El modelo pedagógico de materiales digitales para educación infantil elaborados por editoriales gallegas

Considering the innovative nature which, a priori, implies the use of didactic digital materials in the teaching-learning process, and being early childhood education one of the stages of the regulated educational system that should stand out also by its innovative character, it is of great interest to know the underlying pedagogical model of these materials. Therefore, the aim of this piece of research is to analyse the pedagogical model of materials for the second cycle of early childhood education published by Galician publishers, as part of the supply of digital educational resources at the disposal of the teachers of this region. Specifically, the analysis is focused on the type of activities and complementary resources, and the roles assigned to teachers and children, being the sample a total of eight materials designed by four different publishers. For the data analysis it is considered the degree of coherence between the findings and what the official curriculum stablishes for this autonomous region. The findings suggest that although the digital constitution of the material does not entail significative changes in the pedagogical models, and that the technological potential is not seized, the open and flexible nature of this stage makes it possible to adapt the materials.Teniendo en cuenta el carácter innovador que, a priori, implica la incorporación de materiales didácticos digitales al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, y siendo la educación infantil una de las etapas del sistema educativo reglado que debiera destacar también por su carácter innovador, entendemos que es de gran interés conocer el modelo pedagógico que subyace a estos materiales. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar el modelo pedagógico de materiales para el segundo ciclo de educación infantil publicados por editoriales gallegas, como parte de la oferta de recursos educativos digitales a disposición del profesorado en esta comunidad. Concretamente, el análisis se centra en el tipo de actividades y recursos complementarios, así como el rol del profesorado y del alumnado de una muestra de ocho materiales de cuatro editoriales diferentes. Para el análisis de los datos se tiene en cuenta el grado de coherencia de lo hallado con lo que establece el currículo oficial para esta comunidad autónoma. Los resultados sugieren que si bien el carácter digital del material no supone cambios significativos en los modelos pedagógicos y no se aprovechan las potencialidades que brindan las tecnologías, el carácter abierto y flexible de esta etapa posibilita la adaptación de los mismos

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, pertactin, pertussis toxin S1 subunit polymorphisms, and surfaceome analysis of vaccine and clinical Bordetella pertussis strains

To add new insight to our previous work on the molecular epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis in Argentina, the prn and ptxS1 gene sequences and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of 57 clinical isolates obtained during two periods, 1969 to 1989 and 1997 to 2006, were analyzed. Non-vaccine-type ptxS1A was detected in isolates obtained since 1969. From 1989 on, a shift of predominance from the vaccine prn1 type to the nonvaccine prn2 type was observed. This was also reflected in a transition of PFGE group IV to group VI. These results show that nonvaccine B. pertussis strains are currently circulating. To analyze whether the observed genomic divergences between vaccine strains and clinical isolates have functional implications, protection assays using the intranasal mouse challenge model were performed. For such experiments, the clinical isolate B. pertussis 106 was selected as representative of circulating bacteria, since it came from the major group of the PFGE dendrogram (PFGE group VI). Groups of mice were immunized either with diphtheria-tetanus- whole-cell pertussis vaccine (ptxS1B prn1) or a vaccine prepared by us containing B. pertussis 106. Immunized mice were then challenged with a B. pertussis vaccine strain (Tohama, harboring ptxS1B and prn1) or the clinical isolate B. pertussis 106 (ptxS1A prn2). An adequate bacterial-elimination rate was observed only when mice were immunized and challenged with the same kind of strain. For further characterization, comparative proteomic profiling of enriched membrane proteins was done using three vaccine strains and the selected B. pertussis 106 clinical isolate. By matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis, a total of 54 proteins were identified. This methodology allowed us to detect differing proteins among the four strains studied and, in particular, to distinguish the three vaccine strains from each other, as well as the vaccine strains from the clinical isolate. The differing proteins observed have cellular roles associated with amino acid and carbohydrate transport and metabolism. Some of them have been proposed as novel vaccine candidate proteins for other pathogens. Overall, the global strategy described here is presented as a good tool for the development of next-generation acellular vaccines.Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecula

El modelo pedagógico de materiales digitales para educación infantil elaborados por editoriales gallegas

Considering the innovative nature which, a priori, implies the use of didactic digital materials in the teaching-learning process, and being early childhood education one of the stages of the regulated educational system that should stand out also by its innovative character, it is of great interest to know the underlying pedagogical model of these materials. Therefore, the aim of this piece of research is to analyse the pedagogical model of materials for the second cycle of early childhood education published by Galician publishers, as part of the supply of digital educational resources at the disposal of the teachers of this region. Specifically, the analysis is focused on the type of activities and complementary resources, and the roles assigned to teachers and children, being the sample a total of eight materials designed by four different publishers. For the data analysis it is considered the degree of coherence between the findings and what the official curriculum stablishes for this autonomous region. The findings suggest that although the digital constitution of the material does not entail significative changes in the pedagogical models, and that the technological potential is not seized, the open and flexible nature of this stage makes it possible to adapt the materials.Teniendo en cuenta el carácter innovador que, a priori, implica la incorporación de materiales didácticos digitales al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, y siendo la educación infantil una de las etapas del sistema educativo reglado que debiera destacar también por su carácter innovador, entendemos que es de gran interés conocer el modelo pedagógico que subyace a estos materiales. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar el modelo pedagógico de materiales para el segundo ciclo de educación infantil publicados por editoriales gallegas, como parte de la oferta de recursos educativos digitales a disposición del profesorado en esta comunidad. Concretamente, el análisis se centra en el tipo de actividades y recursos complementarios, así como el rol del profesorado y del alumnado de una muestra de ocho materiales de cuatro editoriales diferentes. Para el análisis de los datos se tiene en cuenta el grado de coherencia de lo hallado con lo que establece el currículo oficial para esta comunidad autónoma. Los resultados sugieren que si bien el carácter digital del material no supone cambios significativos en los modelos pedagógicos y no se aprovechan las potencialidades que brindan las tecnologías, el carácter abierto y flexible de esta etapa posibilita la adaptación de los mismos

Whooping cough : clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 20 confirmed cases of the Paediatric Hospital of Misiones province

Fil: von Specht, Martha. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Grenon, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Tagliaferri, Paulina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Lopez, Oscar. Hospital Provincial de Pediatría de Misiones "Dr. Fernando Barreyro"; Argentina.Fil: Regueira, Mabel. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Fosatti, Sofia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Weltman, Gabriela. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Hozbor, Daniela. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.La tos convulsa (coqueluche o pertussis) es una enfermedad respiratoria que ha resurgido en los últimos años en varios países, incluida la Argentina. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir, en forma retrospectiva, las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de 20 pacientes del Hospital Pediátrico de Misiones con diagnóstico confirmado de coqueluche, según criterios establecidos por la OMS y el CDC, atendidos durante 2005 y 2006. La mediana de edad fue de 4 meses, 13 pacientes eran varones (65%). Catorce (70%) eran menores de 6 meses y 9 (45%) menores de 3 meses. Todos presentaron tos (duración promedio: 7,6 días), 5 (25%) tos paroxística y 1 (5%) apnea y cianosis. Dos niños fallecieron. Dieciséis (80%) no tenían las tres dosis de vacuna cuádruple, 7 niños (35%) menores de 3 meses, no tenía ninguna dosis. La enfermedad continúa siendo un problema para la salud pública y afecta no sólo a niños sino también a adultos

Whooping cough : clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 20 confirmed cases of the Paediatric Hospital of Misiones province

Fil: von Specht, Martha. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Grenon, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Tagliaferri, Paulina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Lopez, Oscar. Hospital Provincial de Pediatría de Misiones "Dr. Fernando Barreyro"; Argentina.Fil: Regueira, Mabel. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Fosatti, Sofia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Weltman, Gabriela. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Hozbor, Daniela. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.La tos convulsa (coqueluche o pertussis) es una enfermedad respiratoria que ha resurgido en los últimos años en varios países, incluida la Argentina. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir, en forma retrospectiva, las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de 20 pacientes del Hospital Pediátrico de Misiones con diagnóstico confirmado de coqueluche, según criterios establecidos por la OMS y el CDC, atendidos durante 2005 y 2006. La mediana de edad fue de 4 meses, 13 pacientes eran varones (65%). Catorce (70%) eran menores de 6 meses y 9 (45%) menores de 3 meses. Todos presentaron tos (duración promedio: 7,6 días), 5 (25%) tos paroxística y 1 (5%) apnea y cianosis. Dos niños fallecieron. Dieciséis (80%) no tenían las tres dosis de vacuna cuádruple, 7 niños (35%) menores de 3 meses, no tenía ninguna dosis. La enfermedad continúa siendo un problema para la salud pública y afecta no sólo a niños sino también a adultos

Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, Pertactin, Pertussis Toxin S1 Subunit Polymorphisms, and Surfaceome Analysis of Vaccine and Clinical Bordetella pertussis Strains▿

To add new insight to our previous work on the molecular epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis in Argentina, the prn and ptxS1 gene sequences and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of 57 clinical isolates obtained during two periods, 1969 to 1989 and 1997 to 2006, were analyzed. Non-vaccine-type ptxS1A was detected in isolates obtained since 1969. From 1989 on, a shift of predominance from the vaccine prn1 type to the nonvaccine prn2 type was observed. This was also reflected in a transition of PFGE group IV to group VI. These results show that nonvaccine B. pertussis strains are currently circulating. To analyze whether the observed genomic divergences between vaccine strains and clinical isolates have functional implications, protection assays using the intranasal mouse challenge model were performed. For such experiments, the clinical isolate B. pertussis 106 was selected as representative of circulating bacteria, since it came from the major group of the PFGE dendrogram (PFGE group VI). Groups of mice were immunized either with diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis vaccine (ptxS1B prn1) or a vaccine prepared by us containing B. pertussis 106. Immunized mice were then challenged with a B. pertussis vaccine strain (Tohama, harboring ptxS1B and prn1) or the clinical isolate B. pertussis 106 (ptxS1A prn2). An adequate bacterial-elimination rate was observed only when mice were immunized and challenged with the same kind of strain. For further characterization, comparative proteomic profiling of enriched membrane proteins was done using three vaccine strains and the selected B. pertussis 106 clinical isolate. By matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis, a total of 54 proteins were identified. This methodology allowed us to detect differing proteins among the four strains studied and, in particular, to distinguish the three vaccine strains from each other, as well as the vaccine strains from the clinical isolate. The differing proteins observed have cellular roles associated with amino acid and carbohydrate transport and metabolism. Some of them have been proposed as novel vaccine candidate proteins for other pathogens. Overall, the global strategy described here is presented as a good tool for the development of next-generation acellular vaccines

Distribution of PCV13 and PPSV23 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Argentinean adults with invasive disease, 2013-2017

Fil: Zintgraff, Jonathan. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología. Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica; Argentina.Fil: Fossati, M. S. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología. Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica; Argentina.Fil: Sorhouet Pereira, Cecilia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología. Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica; Argentina.Fil: Veliz, Omar. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología. Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica; Argentina.Fil: Regueira, Mabel. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología. Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica; Argentina.Fil: Moscoloni, Maria Alicia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología. Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica; Argentina.Fil: Irazu, Lucía. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología. Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica; Argentina.Fil: Lara, Claudia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología. Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica; Argentina.Fil: Napoli, Daniela. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología. Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica; Argentina.Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of severe invasive disease associated with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. To identify the serotypes most commonly associated with infection in adults in Argentina, 791 pneumococcal isolates from 56 hospitals belonging to 16 provinces and Buenos Aires city were serotyped. The isolates were submitted as part of a National Surveillance Program for invasive pneumococcal disease in adults, which started in 2013. Serotypes 3, 8, 12F, 7F and 1 were the most prevalent among adult patients. During the study period there was no significant difference in serotype distribution between the age groups studied (18-64 and ≥65 years old), except for serotype 1, 3 and 23A. Most prevalent serotypes in pneumonia were serotype 7F, 1, 12F, 8, and 3. When the clinical diagnosis was meningitis, serotype 3 and 12F were the most prevalent, whereas when the diagnosis was sepsis/bacteremia the most prevalent was serotype 8. In this work, for the 18-64-year-old group, PPSV23 and PCV13 serotypes accounted for 74.56% and 44.54% respectively of the cases in the studied period. On the other hand, for the ≥65-year-old group, these serotypes represented 72.30% and 41.42% respectively. The aim of this work was to establish the knowledge bases of the serotypes that cause invasive pneumococcal diseases in the adult population in Argentina and to be able to detect changes in their distribution over time in order to explore the potential serotype coverage of the vaccines in current use

Pertussis epidemiology in Argentina: trends over 2004-2007

Fil: Hozbor, Daniela. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Mooi, F. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment,.Netherlands Centre for Infectious Diseases Control. Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Screening (LIS); Países Bajos.Fil: Flores, D. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Weltman, Gabriela. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología. Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica; Argentina.Fil: Bottero, D. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Fossati, Sofía. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología. Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica; Argentina.Fil: Lara, Claudia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología. Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica; Argentina.Fil: Gaillard, M. E. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Pianciola, Luis. Subsecretaría de Salud de Neuquén. Laboratorio Central, Neuquén; Argentina.Fil: Zurita, E. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Fioriti, A. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Archuby, Daniela. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Galas, Marcelo F. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología. Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica; Argentina.Fil: Binsztein, Norma. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología. Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica; Argentina.Fil: Regueira, Mabel. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bacteriología. Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica; Argentina.Fil: Castuma, C. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Fingermann, Matías. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Graieb, A. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Objectives Pertussis continues causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although its epidemiology has been studied in many developed countries, the current pertussis situation in South America is scarcely known. This review summarizes the most important recent data concerning pertussis in a country of South America, Argentina. Methods CDC criteria were used for pertussis diagnosis. Proportion of pertussis cases by age, immunization status, and immunization coverage rate evaluated at the Argentinean National Pertussis Reference Centers was reported. Bordetella pertussis isolates were characterized and compared with vaccine strains. Results From 2002 to nowadays, a steady increase of pertussis cases was observed. Most of these cases correspond to patients younger than six months old that received less than three doses of vaccine. However, cases in adolescent and adults have also been detected. For this situation, which is not peculiar to Argentina, several explanations have been proposed. Among them, the inability of current vaccines to induce long-lasting immunity is the most widely accepted as a cause of pertussis resurgence. Furthermore, antigenic divergence between local clinical isolates and vaccine strains may have aggravated the effect of waning immunity. Conclusions Pertussis is an important problem for public health in Argentina. Divergence between vaccine strains and local isolates could contribute to the described pertussis epidemiology