Highly Magnetized Accreting Pulsars: Are There Accreting Magnetars?

2S 0114+650, GX 301-2, IGR J16358-4726, X Per, 4U 2206+54, SXP 1062, and 3A 1954+319 are thought to possess high magnetic elds. They have recently been named accreting magnetars, or highly magnetized accreting pulsars. In this work their properties are reviewed. Within the context of their observational properties (mainly from INTEGRAL data), and the recent models of accretion onto highly magnetized neutron stars, their similarities and dierences are analyzed. The aim is to find a common framework to understand the evolution (in terms of past and present history) of these sources, and to establish the basis of a possible new kind of accreting sources. Two of these sources, namely X Per and 4U 2206+54, contain a massive main-sequence companion, while the rest are supergiant X-ray binaries or symbiotic systems. The variety of astrophysical scenarios represented by this set is wide, therefore the study of these systems is also important in order to establish commonalities between the dierent types of accreting X-ray pulsars and to study the possible evolutionary links between them

A decade of GRB follow-up by BOOTES in Spain (2003-2013)

This article covers ten years of GRB follow-ups by the Spanish BOOTES stations: 71 follow-ups providing 23 detections. Follow-ups by BOOTES-1B from 2005 to 2008 were given in the previous article, and are here reviewed, updated, and include additional detection data points as the former article merely stated their existence. The all-sky cameras CASSANDRA have not yet detected any GRB optical afterglows, but limits are reported where available

Initiation of lightning flashes simultaneously observed from space and the ground: Narrow bipolar events

We investigate the initiation of four lightning flashes detected from ground by means of the Colombia Lightning Mapping Array (Colombia-LMA) and simultaneously observed from space by the optical sensors of the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) on board the International Space Station (ISS), the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM), and the Lightning Imaging Sensor on the ISS. The initiations of the flashes are characterized by isolated and predominant optical blue pulses (337.0 nm). In three of the flashes, red emissions (777.4 nm), a dominant line of hot lightning, were not detected during their initiation. In these cases, the initiations were also accompanied by bipolar VLF/LF waveform with a narrow short duration (<40 μs) and VHF emissions with high radio frequency power (<269 kW). The detection of the blue emissions without any red luminosity supports that the fast breakdown processes at the flash initiation can be exclusively of streamer nature. The onset of the fourth flash was associated with both blue and red radiation, and with weak narrow bipolar waveform in VLF/LF and low VHF power. The flashes initiated between the midlevel negative and upper positive charge regions. This paper presents and discusses the first fast breakdown processes observed simultaneously from ground by means a Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) and from space during the onset of lightning flashes.publishedVersio

Diseño y calibración de un observador para la corrección de la deriva de la medida de Lambda en motores diesel sobrealimentados

Consulta en la Biblioteca ETSI Industriales (9149)[ES] El objeto del presente proyecto es el diseño de un estimador de la riqueza u oxígeno en el escape de un motor diesel sobrealimentado mediante la combinación de un sensor lento con deriva cero a tiempo infinito y un modelo rápido que sufre deriva. Para ello, se utilizará la teoría de espacios-estado y de observadores, centrándose principalmente en el filtro de Kalman, que representa la solución óptima al problema. La necesidad de diseñar un observador parte de la problemática que presentan los sensores de oxígeno de banda ancha (UEGO) en su dinámica y tiempo de retraso. Será necesario combinar estas medidas junto con valores obtenidos de un modelo sencillo e instantáneo pero muy derivado, para conseguir una buena estimación de lo que está ocurriendo en el motor. La dupla formada por modelos rápidos pero derivados con sensores lentos pero precisos será el punto de partida del proyecto. La obtención del modelo de compensación de derivas puede abrir un nuevo camino en el control de la renovación de la carga en motores diesel sobrealimentados, así como el control directo sobre las emisiones contaminantes. El sensor comercial planteado por el promotor del proyecto es un Siemens VDO que ofrece medidas de riqueza y NOx. La metodología usada en el proyecto, aunque aplicada para el ejemplo de riqueza puede ser empleada en la estimación de NOx.Reglero Mangada, VF. (2012). Diseño y calibración de un observador para la corrección de la deriva de la medida de Lambda en motores diesel sobrealimentados. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/28414.Archivo delegad

Phospholipases in food industry: A review

Mammal, plant, and mainly microbial phospholipases are continuously being studied, experimented, and some of them are even commercially available at industrial scale for food industry. This is because the use of phospholipases in the production of specific foods leads to attractive advantages, such as yield improvement, energy saving, higher efficiency, improved properties, or better quality of the final product. Furthermore, biocatalysis approaches in the food industry are of current interest as non-pollutant and cleaner technologies. The present chapter reviews the most representative examples of the use of phospholipases in food industry, namely edible oils, dairy, and baking products, emulsifying agents, as well as the current trend to the development of novel molecular species of phospholipids with added-value characteristics. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.Peer Reviewe

Phosphatidyl derivative of hydroxytyrosol. In vitro intestinal digestion, bioaccessibility, and its effect on antioxidant activity

Intestinal digestion of phosphatidyl derivatives of HT (PHT) and its bioaccessibility under in vitro conditions was performed. First, an in vitro intestinal digestion model for phospholipids was developed. The impact of digestion in the antioxidant ability of PHT was also assayed. PHT was progressively hydrolyzed to lyso-PHT. However, digestion was slower than the phospholipid control. Nevertheless, most hydrolysis products were found at the micellar phase fraction, meaning a high bioaccessibility. Either PHT or digested PHT showed lower antioxidant activity than HT. However, PHT improved its antioxidant ability after digestion, likely related to lyso-PHT. As a summary, the synthetic phosphatidyl derivative of HT as PHT is recognized by phospholipases during simulation of intestinal digestion, although less efficiently than analogous phospholipids. Nevertheless, taking into account the bioaccessibility and the antioxidant activity of digested PHT, the potential of carriers of HT under the form of phospholipids might be of interest.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (INNSAOLI, project number IPT-2011-1248-060000, Subprograma INNPACTO) and the Comunidad de Madrid (ALIBIRD, project number S2009/AGR-1469). The contract of M.I.M.-V. was also supported by the INNSAOLI project and is also acknowledged.Peer Reviewe