62 research outputs found

    Le patrimoine gĂ©ologique et gĂ©omorphologique dans le contexte d’un GĂ©oparc. MĂ©thodologie d’inventaire et valorisation patrimoniale

    Get PDF
    La rĂ©gion Tadla-Azilal (Maroc) riche d’un patrimoine gĂ©ologique et gĂ©omorphologique a Ă©tĂ© classĂ©e en GĂ©oparc M’Goun par l’UNESCO en 2014. Ce patrimoine gĂ©ologique et gĂ©omorphologique, complĂ©tĂ© par des sites de valeur Ă©cologique, archĂ©ologique, historique ou autres, est le tĂ©moin de l’histoire de la Terre et de la vie ainsi que de l’évolution des paysages (gĂ©otopes). Ce patrimoine naturel est associĂ© aussi Ă  un patrimoine culturel diversifiĂ©, matĂ©riel et immatĂ©riel Si ces paysages gĂ©omorphologiques et gĂ©ologiques sont caractĂ©risĂ©s par des valeurs gĂ©oĂ©cologiques intrinsĂšques, c’est aussi leur perception et reprĂ©sentation qui leur donne une valeur esthĂ©tique, mais aussi culturelle, religieuse, historique et Ă©conomique. Les mĂ©thodes d’inventaire et d’évaluation de ce patrimoine s’appuient sur des critĂšres de valeur des gĂ©otopes (5). AprĂšs sĂ©lection des aspects des paysages Ă  identifier, connaitre et sauvegarder, on dĂ©finit leur valeur intrinsĂšque et classe hiĂ©rarchiquement chaque Ă©lĂ©ment. La valeur gĂ©oscientifique est la plus importante. Un paysage gĂ©omorphologique et gĂ©ologique en recĂšle des traces liĂ©es Ă  l’histoire gĂ©ologique et palĂ©ogĂ©ographique, tectonique et gĂ©omorphologique Ă  diffĂ©rents pas de temps. S’y ajoutent des valeurs additionnelles : Les valeurs Ă©cologique, esthĂ©tique ou scĂ©nique Ă  travers sa « beauté » ou son caractĂšre spectaculaire, symbolique confĂ©rant une valeur culturelle, religieuse et/ou historique (vestiges archĂ©ologiques
). Enfin, le gĂ©otope peut ĂȘtre une ressource Ă©conomique avec l’activitĂ© touristique ou extractive. Ces mĂ©thodes dĂ©veloppĂ©es en Europe doivent ĂȘtre adaptĂ©es aux contextes sociaux, Ă©conomiques et culturels spĂ©cifiques marocain, ne serait-ce que parce que ce patrimoine est plus ou moins appropriĂ© par les acteurs de ces territoires et car sa valorisation gĂ©otouristique est prĂ©vue avec le GĂ©oparc. Il s’agit aussi de rendre compte de l\u27importance des interactions entre ces acteurs et leur environnement, de leur perception de ce patrimoine, et de leur rĂŽle dans l’évolution des paysages associĂ©s Ă  ces structures gĂ©ologiques et gĂ©omorphologiques et dans la construction social

    Sedimentology and geochemistry of lacustrine terraces of three Middle Atlas lakes: Paleohydrological changes for the last 2300 cal BP in Morocco (western Mediterranean region)

    No full text
    International audienceIn the Moroccan Middle Atlas Mountains, three lakes were used to characterize climate variability in the late Holocene. The methodology is based on sedimentological, geochemical, and mineralogical analysis of lacustrine terraces. Lake Ifrah is a natural lake. Waters are calc-magnesian, relatively very alkaline and oxygenated. Lake Afourgagh is of karst origin, with maximum depth 1.5 m. Lake Iffer is a smaller lake, sub-circular and relatively deep. Its area is 3.5 ha. Its maximum depth is 6.5 m at the center of the lake. Seven terraces located in the borders of the lakes were sampled and studied. Seven radiocarbon dates were obtained on organic matter and shells. The time period concerned is between 2300 cal BP and 400 cal BP. The results show high lake levels at about 2300 cal BP related probably to the wetter Iberian - Roman period in northern Mediterranean. Lake Iffer was deeper by about 30 m from its current level. 1000 cal BP probably marks the beginning of the decline with a drop in lake level of 20 m, which is ongoing in connection with drier climate and the beginning of the medieval climate anomaly. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved

    Place des massifs granitiques de Zekkara, Tarilest et Béni-SnassÚne dans l'histoire géodynamique de la chaine hercynienne (Meseta orientale, Maroc)

    No full text
    Place of Zekkara, Tarilest and Béni-SnassÚne granitic massifs in the geodynamic history of hercynian orogeny (Eastern Meseta, Morocco). The paper presents the first detailed geochemical and petrographical study realised in Hercynian Zekkara, Tarilest and Béni-SnassÚne granitoids. These consist of metaluminous or peralu-minous magmas occuring in the crust at various levels and times. Major and trace elements compositions show a typical calc-alkaline trend characterized by enrichment in K20. The granitoids were formed by fractional crystallization of a magma derived from melt of an igneous crust. Compared with other well-studied Hercynian suites, these rocks are similar to post-collisional granitoids. No evidence to allow the existence of an old oceanic crust , this magmatism must be reattached at a tangential late Hercynian tectonic, a thinning crust and a mantled ascent model seems to be the better proposal.Cette note présente la premiÚre étude pétrographique et géochimique détaillée réalisée sur les granitoïdes hercyniens des massifs de Zekkara, Tarilest et Béni-Snassen. Ceux-ci correspondent à des magmas métalumineux ou hyperalumineux, mis en place de maniÚre étagée dans le temps et à différents niveaux de la croûte continentale. Les compositions des éléments majeurs et traces, montrent une évolution typique des suites calco-alcalines potassiques post-collision-nelles. Les trois intrusions dérivent d'un magma crustal de nature ignée dont l'évolution est contrÎlée par la cristallisation fractionnée. Aucun argument ne permettant d'évoquer des témoins d'une croûte océanique ancienne ce magmatisme serait à rattacher à une tectonique tangentielle tardi-hercynienne et un modÚle d'amincissement crustal et de remontée du manteau est privilégié.El Hadi H., Reddad A., Giret Alain, Chabane Abdelkader, Hertogen J. Place des massifs granitiques de Zekkara, Tarilest et Béni-SnassÚne dans l'histoire géodynamique de la chaine hercynienne (Meseta orientale, Maroc). In: Géologie Méditerranéenne. Tome 27, numéro 3-4, 2000. pp. 159-173

    Recent environmental changes and human impact since mid 20th century in Mediterranean Lakes : Ifrah, Iffer and Afourgagh, Middle Atlas Morocco.

    No full text
    International audienceThe multidisciplinary study of sediment cores from three middle Atlas lakes (central Morocco) provides a detailed record of environmental, climatic and anthropogenic changes. The paleohydrological reconstructions show fluctuating lake level since the mid-20th century. Human activities have played a significant role in the lakes' hydrological changes. The sedimentology, geochemistry and mineralogy results show three main periods. The first period between 1900 and 1920 is humid with high lake levels, with fine particle size and relatively high contents of organic matter. The second period between 1920 and 1965 is very unstable with varying humidity. The last period between 1965 and 2000 is characterised by increasing human activities (clearing of forest and development of agricultural techniques). This last phase was interrupted by some humid years or sub-periods (between 1976 and 1980, between 1995 and 1996) and dry years (between 1980 and 1990, between 1994 and 1995). This study provides an opportunity to evaluate the relative significance of human and climatic factors in middle Atlas lakes during the 20th century

    Impacts climatiques et anthropiques sur le fonctionnement hydrogéochimique du Lac Ifrah (Moyen Atlas marocain)

    No full text
    International audienceMonitoring hydrogeochemical seasonality of Lake Ifrah (Morocco) was carried out between 2003 and 2006 in order to characterize the hydrogeochemical processes in the context of climatic and anthropogenic impacts. Lake Ifrah has declined significantly over the last decade. The waters are fairly alkaline, oxygenated, fairly turbid and oversaturated alkaline. The suspended load is moderately high. The hydrogeochemical facies is typically chloro-sodium bicarbonate magnesium. The lake is experiencing a significant water deficit as a result of recurrent droughts over the last three decades and marked human pressure. This is reflected by the increase in salinity manifested primarily by increased electrical conductivity and alkali contents (Na+ and K+) and chloride. This deficit is also assessed by lower levels of alkaline earth (Ca2+ and Mg2+) as a result of their precipitation as endogenic carbonates. The saturation index of calcite, aragonite and dolomite is always greater than zero. The increase in nutrients (phosphorus and nitrates) and degradation of water oxygenation reflect the acceleration of the eutrophication of the lake which is also evident from the increased particulate load and turbidity of the water
    • 

    corecore