The disenchanted mountain's Heritage. Protection and reuse of sanatoriums in the Alps

Imaging studies are expected to produce reliable information regarding the size and fat content of the pancreas. However, the available studies have produced inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of imaging studies assessing pancreas size and fat content in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Medline and Embase databases were performed. Studies evaluating pancreatic size (diameter, area or volume) and/or fat content by ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging in patients with T1DM and/or T2DM as compared to healthy controls were selected. Seventeen studies including 3,403 subjects (284 T1DM patients, 1,139 T2DM patients, and 1,980 control subjects) were selected for meta-analyses. Pancreas diameter, area, volume, density, and fat percentage were evaluated.Pancreatic volume was reduced in T1DM and T2DM vs. controls (T1DM vs. controls: -38.72 cm3, 95%CI: -52.25 to -25.19, I2 = 70.2%, p for heterogeneity = 0.018; and T2DM vs. controls: -12.18 cm3, 95%CI: -19.1 to -5.25, I2 = 79.3%, p for heterogeneity = 0.001). Fat content was higher in T2DM vs. controls (+2.73%, 95%CI 0.55 to 4.91, I2 = 82.0%, p for heterogeneity<0.001).Individuals with T1DM and T2DM have reduced pancreas size in comparison with control subjects. Patients with T2DM have increased pancreatic fat content

Associação entre proteína 1 relacionada à uteroglobulina e gravidade da lesão por inalação de fumaça

Objective: To evaluate serum uteroglobin-related protein 1 expression early after smoke inhalation injuries and its association with the severity of inhalation injury in burned patients. Methods: Smoke or chemical inhalation injury is associated with morbidity and mortality. The consequences of inhalation result from an inflammatory response. Uteroglobin-related protein 1 is an anti-inflammatory protein and may improve lung inflammation. We hypothesized that uteroglobin-related protein 1 levels could reflect disease severity and predict outcome in patients with inhalation injury. Sixteen patients diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to smoke inhalation injury were prospectively included in the study. Plasma was collected upon intensive care unit admission and within 24 hours of the inhalation injury. Bronchoscopies were carried out in all patients to assess the severity of inhalation injury within 72 hours. Uteroglobin-related protein 1 plasma levels were determined in duplicate with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean age was 23 ± 5 years, and the inhalation injury distribution was as follows: three of grade 1, four of grade 2, and nine of grade 3. The level of uteroglobin-related protein 1 was related to inhalation severity (grade 1: 0.389 ± 0.053 arbitrary units versus grade 2: 0.474 ± 0.0423 arbitrary units versus grade 3: 0.580 ± 0.094 arbitrary units; p = 0.007). Conclusion: Plasma levels of uteroglobin-related protein 1 are associated with the degree of lung inhalation injury.Objetivo: Avaliar a expressão sérica da proteína 1 relacionada à uteroglobulina na fase inicial após lesões por inalação de fumaça e sua associação com a gravidade da lesão por inalação em pacientes queimados. Métodos: A lesão por inalação de fumaça ou produtos químicos se associa com morbidade e mortalidade. As consequências da inalação resultam de uma resposta inflamatória. A proteína 1 relacionada à uteroglobulina é anti-inflamatória e pode melhorar a inflamação pulmonar. Nossa hipótese é que os níveis de proteína 1 relacionada à uteroglobulina podem refletir a gravidade da doença e predizer o desfecho em pacientes com lesão por inalação. Incluíram-se prospectivamente neste estudo 16 pacientes com diagnóstico de síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo decorrente de lesão por inalação de fumaça. Em todos os pacientes, colheu-se amostra de plasma quando da admissão à unidade de terapia intensiva, para avaliar a gravidade da lesão por inalação dentro de 72 horas. Os níveis plasmáticos de proteína 1 relacionada à uteroglobulina foram determinados em duplicata por meio de ensaio de imunoabsorção ligado à enzima. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 23 ± 5 anos, e a distribuição da lesão por inalação foi: três em grau 1, quatro em grau 2 e nove em grau 3. O nível de proteína 1 relacionada à uteroglobulina foi relacionado ao grau de severidade (grau 1: 0,389 ± 0,053 unidade arbitrária versus grau 2: 0,474 ± 0,0423 unidade arbitrária versus grau 3: 0,580 ± 0,094 unidade arbitrária; p = 0,007). Conclusão: Os níveis plasmáticos de proteína 1 relacionada à uteroglobulina se associam com o grau da lesão pulmonar por inalação

DEMANDAS E DESAFIOS DE REDES PÚBLICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA PARA A PROMOÇÃO DO ATENDIMENTO EDUCACIONAL ESPECIALIZADO

This article describes the results of research that sought to identify demands and needs of public Basic Education networks in municipalities in two regions of Rio Grande do Sul (Serra and Alto do Jacuí), for the promotion of Specialized Educational Assistance, as a support for inclusion of people with disabilities in education systems. Eight managers from five municipalities in these regions participated. The methodology used a qualitative and descriptive approach, and sought inspiration in Foucaultian discourse analysis. The results show that both school and municipal managers are constantly looking to improve strategies to implement inclusion and meet the guidelines, as well as the expectations of their communities. Specialized Educational Assistance (AEE) is offered in different ways by networks and/or schools, either through Multifunctional Resource Rooms or through central spaces that can be identified as AEE Centers. However, this support service does not cover the entire population that needs it. Participating institutions seek public and community intersectoral partnerships to meet their demands.O presente artigo descreve resultados da pesquisa que buscou identificar demandas e necessidades de redes públicas de Educação Básica de municípios de duas regiões do Rio Grande do Sul (Serra e do Alto do Jacuí), para a promoção do Atendimento Educacional Especializado, como apoio à inclusão de pessoas com deficiência nos sistemas de ensino. Participaram oito gestores pertencentes a cinco municípios dessas regiões. A metodologia foi de abordagem qualitativa e descritiva, e buscou inspiração na análise do discurso foucaultiana. Os resultados evidenciam que tanto os gestores escolares quanto os municipais estão em constante busca por aprimorar estratégias para efetivar a inclusão e atender às diretrizes, bem como às expectativas das suas comunidades. O Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) é ofertado de diferentes formas pelas redes e/ou escolas, seja por meio de Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais ou por espaços centrais que podem ser identificados como Centros de AEE. Entretanto, esse serviço de apoio não abrange a totalidade do público que dele necessita. As instituições participantes buscam parcerias intersetoriais públicas e comunitárias para atender às suas demandas

COVID-19-induced fatal thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a healthy young patient a case report

Since the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began, findings indicate that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might induce autoimmune disorders. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a devastating disease if not emergently treated. It presents with severe thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and neurologic findings with or without renal insufficiency. The antibody-mediated reduced activity of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) induces the accumulation of ultrahigh-molecular-weight multimers of von Willebrand factor, leading to platelet aggregation and thrombosis. TTP can be an unusual presentation of COVID-19 disease mediated by the virus-induced immune response. We report a case of a healthy young patient presenting with the classic TTP pentad a few days after a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test. The patient was initially treated with high-dose methylprednisolone and fresh frozen plasma until she was transferred to a tertiary care facility and plasma exchange was available. She evolved with a malignant ischemic vascular accident and was declared brain-dead 24 hours after the first plasma exchange section

Association of multiple glycemic parameters at intensive care unit admission with mortality and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of multiple glycemic parameters at intensive care unit (ICU) admission with outcomes in critically ill patients. Critically ill adults admitted to ICU were included prospectively in the study and followed for 180 days until hospital discharge or death. Patients were assessed for glycemic gap, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glycemic variability, and stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR). A total of 542 patients were enrolled (30% with preexisting diabetes). Patients with glycemic gap >80 mg/dL had increased need for renal replacement therapy (RRT; 37.7% vs. 23.7%, p = 0.025) and shock incidence (54.7% vs. 37.4%, p = 0.014). Hypoglycemia was associated with increased mortality (54.8% vs. 35.8%, p = 0.004), need for RRT (45.1% vs. 22.3%, p 40 mg/dL was associated with increased need for RRT (28.3% vs. 14.4%, p = 0.002) and shock incidence (41.4% vs.31.2%, p = 0.039). In this mixed sample of critically ill subjects, including patients with and without preexisting diabetes, glycemic gap, glycemic variability, and SHR were associated with worse outcomes, but not with mortality. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia were independently associated with increased mortality

Copeptin and stress-induced hyperglycemia in critically ill patients : a prospective study

Objectives: Copeptin, an equimolar indicator of serum antidiuretic hormone levels, has been associated with higher mortality in critically ill patients and with the development of diabetes in the general population. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of copeptin levels with glycemic parameters in critically ill patients and to compare the time-course of copeptin in survivors and non-survivors. Design: Prospective cohort study. Patients: From June to October 2019, critically ill patients were prospectively enrolled and followed for 90 days. Measurements: Plasma copeptin levels were determined at intensive care unit (ICU) admission (copeptin T1), 24 h (copeptin T2), and 48 h (copeptin T3) after study entry. Blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels were measured. ICU, in-hospital, and 90-day mortality, and length of stay in the ICU and hospital were evaluated. Results: 104 patients were included. No significant correlation was detected between copeptin levels and blood glucose (r = -0.17, p = 0.09), HbA1c (r = 0.01, p = 0.9), glycemic gap (r = -0.16, p = 0.11), and stress hyperglycemia ratio (r = -0.14, p = 0.16). Copeptin T3 levels were significantly higher in survivors than in non-survivors at hospital discharge (561 [370–856] vs 300 [231–693] pg/mL, p = 0.015) and at 90 days (571 [380–884] vs 300 [232–698] pg/mL, p = 0.03). Conclusions: No significant correlations were found between copeptin levels and glycemic parameters, suggesting that copeptin is not a relevant factor in the induction of hyperglycemia during critical illness. Copeptin levels at ICU day 3 were higher in survivors than in non-survivors

Diretrizes brasileiras para o manejo de potenciais doadores de órgãos em morte encefálica. Uma força-tarefa composta por Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira, Associação Brasileira de Transplantes de Órgãos, Brazilian Research in Critical Care Network e Coordenação Geral do Sistema Nacional de Transplantes

Objective: To contribute to updating the recommendations for brain-dead potential organ donor management. Methods: A group of 27 experts, including intensivists, transplant coordinators, transplant surgeons, and epidemiologists, answered questions related to the following topics were divided into mechanical ventilation, hemodynamics, endocrine-metabolic management, infection, body temperature, blood transfusion, and checklists use. The outcomes considered were cardiac arrests, number of organs removed or transplanted as well as function / survival of transplanted organs. The quality of evidence of the recommendations was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system to classify the recommendations. Results: A total of 19 recommendations were drawn from the expert panel. Of these, 7 were classified as strong, 11 as weak and 1 was considered a good clinical practice. Conclusion: Despite the agreement among panel members on most recommendations, the grade of recommendation was mostly weak.Objetivo: Fornecer recomendações para nortear o manejo clínico do potencial doador em morte encefálica. Métodos: O presente documento foi formulado em dois painéis compostos por uma força tarefa integrada por 27 especialistas de diferentes áreas que responderam a questões dirigidas aos seguintes temas: ventilação mecânica, hemodinâmica, suporte endócrino-metabólico, infecção, temperatura corporal, transfusão sanguínea, e uso de checklists. Os desfechos considerados foram: parada cardíaca, número de órgãos retirados ou transplantados e função/sobrevida dos órgãos transplantados. A qualidade das evidências das recomendações foi avaliada pelo sistema Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Resultados: Foram geradas 19 recomendações a partir do painel de especialistas. Dessas, 7 foram classificadas como fortes, 11 fracas e uma foi considerada boa prática clínica. Conclusão: Apesar da concordância entre os membros do painel em relação à maior parte das recomendações, o grau de recomendação é fraco em sua maioria