Gender gap in physical education: teachers’ attitudes towards equality

Este trabajo busca analizar las actitudes del profesorado de Educación Física hacia la igualdad de género y comparar las diferencias actitudinales entre ambos sexos. Se emplea una metodología tipo encuesta en la que participan 526 docentes de Educación Física. Los datos se obtienen aplicando la Escala School Doing Gender/teacher (SDG/t), compuesta por 30 ítems separados en tres subescalas. La mayoría de docentes estudiados adoptan una actitud adaptativa hacia los cambios relacionados con el género, y encontramos diferencias en las actitudes de este profesorado en función del género, obteniendo las profesoras puntuaciones más altas que los hombres. Necesitamos mejorar la formación en materia de igualdad con el objeto de concienciar más al profesorado y aumentar el conocimiento de los docentes, especialmente en el caso de los hombresThe aim of this paper is to analyse the Physical Education teachers’ attitudes towards gender equality, and compare attitudinal differences between male and female teachers. This study follows a survey-type quantitative descriptive methodology in which 526 Spanish PE teachers have taken part. Data were collected using the Likert-type Scale SDG/t (School Doing Gender /teachers), made up of 30 items separated in three subscales. PE teachers mainly showed an adaptive attitude towards gender changes. Nevertheless, differences were observed with regard to the participants' attitude towards gender issues depending on their sex. More specifically, female teachers achieved higher scores than males. This result suggests a better training in gender issues should be carried out in order to raise awareness and update the PE teachers' knowledge, especially in the case of male teachers

On the Complexity of tt-Closeness Anonymization and Related Problems

An important issue in releasing individual data is to protect the sensitive information from being leaked and maliciously utilized. Famous privacy preserving principles that aim to ensure both data privacy and data integrity, such as $k$-anonymity and $l$-diversity, have been extensively studied both theoretically and empirically. Nonetheless, these widely-adopted principles are still insufficient to prevent attribute disclosure if the attacker has partial knowledge about the overall sensitive data distribution. The $t$-closeness principle has been proposed to fix this, which also has the benefit of supporting numerical sensitive attributes. However, in contrast to $k$-anonymity and $l$-diversity, the theoretical aspect of $t$-closeness has not been well investigated. We initiate the first systematic theoretical study on the $t$-closeness principle under the commonly-used attribute suppression model. We prove that for every constant $t$ such that $0\leq t<1$, it is NP-hard to find an optimal $t$-closeness generalization of a given table. The proof consists of several reductions each of which works for different values of $t$, which together cover the full range. To complement this negative result, we also provide exact and fixed-parameter algorithms. Finally, we answer some open questions regarding the complexity of $k$-anonymity and $l$-diversity left in the literature.Comment: An extended abstract to appear in DASFAA 201

A Correlation Study between Geometry of Collared Coils and Normal Quadrupole Multipole in the Main LHC Dipoles

The quality control implemented at all LHC dipole assemblers includes precise mechanical measurements of the geometry of collared coils. A cross-analysis performed between mechanical and magnetic measurements data shows a correlation between collared coils outer dimensions and the normal quadrupole multipole (b2) for one dipole assembler. The profile geometry of the single collars - as determined from 3D measurements at the collar suppliers and CERN - could not account alone for the significant left â right aperture asymmetry observed. This triggered a deeper investigation on different elements of the geometry of single collars. The results of this work show that the relative positioning of the collaring holes, allowing a small bending deformation of collars under the effect of coil pre-stress, is an important effect that generates a b2 multipole at the limit of specification. The study has deepened the understanding of the factors affecting collared coil geometry and field quality. The precision of 3D measurements at the collar suppliers and at CERN has been improved, and a tighter quality control has been introduced at the collar suppliers

Public knowledge, attitudes, social distance and reported contact regarding people with mental illness 2009-2015

Objective To investigate whether public knowledge, attitudes, desire for social distance and reported contact in relation to people with mental health problems have improved in England during the Time to Change (TTC) programme to reduce stigma and discrimination 2009–2015. Methods Using data from an annual face-to-face survey of a nationally representative sample of adults, we analysed longitudinal trends in the outcomes with regression modelling using standardised scores of the measures overall and by age and gender subgroups. Results There were improvements in all outcomes. The improvement for knowledge was 0.17 standard deviation units in 2015 compared to 2009 (95% CI 0.10, 0.23); for attitudes 0.20 standard deviation units (95% CI 0.14, 0.27) and for social distance 0.17 standard deviation units (95% CI 0.11, 0.24). Survey year for 2015 vs. 2009 was associated with a higher likelihood of reported contact (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13, 1.53). Statistically significant interactions between year and age suggest the campaign had more impact on the attitudes of the target age group (25–45) than those aged over 65 or under 25. Women's reported contact with people with mental health problems increased more than did men's. Conclusion The results provide support for the effectiveness of TTC

Insights on the Interfacial Processes Involved in the Mechanical and Redox Stability of the BaCe0.65Zr0.20Y0.15O3−δ–Ce0.85Gd0.15O2−δ Composite

Ceramic fuel cells and H2 permeation membranes are key technologies to accelerate the transition from a carbon economy based on fossil fuels to a H2 economy based on the use of renewable resources. The competitiveness of these technologies in the market depends on the identification and optimization of stable and effective low-cost materials. Perovskite-fluorite ceria-based composites show suitable properties, and studies on the mechanism that rules their mechanical, thermal, and redox stability are crucial for further technological advances. This study focuses on the redox behavior of BaCe0.65Zr0.20Y0.15O3-?-Ce0.85Gd0.15O2-? (BCZY-GDC) dual-phase ceramic. Temperature-programmed reduction, thermogravimetry, temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction, and Raman analyses are used to understand the dynamics of the interaction between the ceramic oxide components. It is shown how the simultaneous occurrence of structural changes in BCZY and GDC reduction helps in decreasing the mechanical stresses induced by temperature and by the reducing atmosphere. The interfacial processes between the single GDC and BCZY oxides contribute to limit reduction of GDC in the composite, which allows complete reversibility of the redox process investigated in this study. Thus, it is suggested that the redox behavior of this class of materials may be a descriptor of their mechanical and thermal stability

A competitive scheme for storing sparse representation of X-Ray medical images

A competitive scheme for economic storage of the informational content of an X-Ray image, as it can be used for further processing, is presented. It is demonstrated that sparse representation of that type of data can be encapsulated in a small file without affecting the quality of the recovered image. The proposed representation, which is inscribed within the context of data reduction, provides a format for saving the image information in a way that could assist methodologies for analysis and classification. The competitiveness of the resulting file is compared against the compression standards JPEG and JPEG200

Clavo gamma: indicaciones, resultados y complicaciones

El clavo gamma ha sido utilizado como osteosíntesis en el tratamiento de 50 fracturas proximales de fémur, 28 de las cuales fueron consideradas inestables (56%). En cuanto a la consolidación sólo hubo un fracaso con rotura del implante (2%); el resto de los pacientes evolucionaron hacia la curación, precisando 2 de ellos una segunda intervención para dinamizar el foco de fractura mediante la retirada de los tornillos de bloqueo distales. Estos buenos resultados contrastan con las complicaciones surgidas durante la intervención y el postoperatorio inmediato: fisura diafisaria intraoperatoria (8%), fractura diafisaria intraoperatoria (4%), problemas en la colocación de los tornillos de bloqueo distales (6%) y fracturas diafisarias postoperatorias por debajo del clavo (4%). El clavo gamma tiene su indicación en las fracturas proximales inestables de fémur siempre que se realice una técnica quirúrgica rigurosa que minimice los riesgos de complicaciones.The gamma nail has been used as osteosynthesis for the treatment of 50 proximal fractures of femur, 28 of which (56%) were considered unstable. Regarding to consolidation, there was one only failure with breaking of the implant (2%). The remaining patients achieved healing, two of them requiring a second intervention in order to activate the fracture focus through withdrawal of the distal blocking screws. These good results contrast with the complications that appeared during intervention and inmediate postoperatory period: intraoperatory diaphyseal fissure (8%), intraoperatory diaphyseal fracture (4%), problems with setting of distal blocking screws (6%) and postoperatory diaphyseal fractures below the nail (4%). The gamma nail has its indication for proximal unstable fractures of femur, as long as a rigorous surgical technique is practiced, thus minimizing the risks of complications

Caffeine, but not other phytochemicals, in mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) attenuates high-fat-high-sucrose-diet-driven lipogenesis and body fat accumulation

Authors followed the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health guide for the care and use of Laboratory animals (NIH Publications No.8023, revised 1978)The objective was to examine the effectiveness of mate tea (MT, Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) and caffeine from mate tea (MC) on in vitro lipid accumulation and in vivo diet-driven-obesity. MC and decaffeinated mate (DM) were obtained using supercritical CO2 extraction and mainly composed of caffeine and caffeoylquinic acids, respectively. MC reduced lipid accumulation (41%) via downregulation of fatty acid synthase (Fasn) (39%) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Rats fed a high-fat-high-sucrose-diet and 0.1% of caffeine from MC, MT, or DM. MC attenuated weight gain (16%) and body fat accumulation (22%). MC reduced Fasn expression in both adipose tissue (66%) and liver (37%). MC diminished pyruvate kinase (PK, 59%) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP, 50%) hepatic expression. In silico, neochlorogenic acid interacted with PK and MTP allosteric sites. FAS β‐ketoacyl reductase domain showed the highest affinity to 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Caffeine suppressed lipid accumulation and body weight gain, through the modulation of lipogenic gene expressio

Structural Characterization of Charcoal Exposed to High and Low pH: Implications for 14C Sample Preparation and Charcoal Preservation

Chemical and structural similarities between poorly preserved charcoal and its contaminants, as well as low radiocarbon concentrations in old samples, complicate 14C age determinations. Here, we characterize 4 fossil charcoal samples from the late Middle Paleolithic and early Upper Paleolithic strata of Kebara Cave, Israel, with respect to the structural and chemical changes that occur when they are subjected to the acid-base-acid (ABA) treatment. Differential thermal analysis and TEM show that acid treatment disrupts the structure, whereas alkali treatment results in the reformation of molecular aggregates. The major changes are ascribed to the formation of salt bridges at high pH and the disruption of the graphite-like crystallites at low pH. Weight losses during the treatments are consistently greater for older samples, implying that they are less well preserved. Based on the changes observed in vitro due to pH fluctuations, various methods for removing contamination, as well as a mechanism for preferential preservation of charcoal in nature, are proposed.Anthropolog