Effect of Individualistic and Collectivistic Values on Total Role Stress Among the Government Officers of Nepal

Stress is the psycho-biological construct Stress creates from the personal behavior and their surrounding environment Social relationship and organizational environment determines the level of stress among the employee The study was going to explore the interrelationship between the individual value and collective value with role stress among the Nepal government officer The study had adopted the simple random sampling to select the respondents A total 284 government employees from technical and non-technical sectors were selected Data was taken from the three strata 1st class 2nd class and 3rd class officers The findings showed the significant relationship between the individual and collective values Mean of individual value was higher than the collective value but the role stress was higher among the officer who took the collective value very much than individual value Similarly the non-technical officers felt higher level of stress than the technical officer

Counselling support for critically ill patients and their families following a critical care experience: a qualitative study

Abstract Background Patients recovering from the critical illness and their family members can suffer significant psychological distress affecting activity of daily living, family relationship, social participation and professional life. There are few initiatives where the psychological interventions were provided to patients and family group which have shown significantly beneficial impact on psychological health. However, there is a limited number of studies that address the psychological needs of patients, family members and bereaved family members with critical care experience. Objectives The aim of this study was to explore patients’, family members’ and bereaved family members’ experiences of counselling provision. Methods We conducted a qualitative study in three Scottish Intensive care units (ICU) between 2015-2017. Counselling service was provided to former ICU patients and their family members, including those bereaved following a critical illness experience by a qualified, professionally accredited counsellor who had a background in Intensive Care nursing. Participants self-referred to the service. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore participants’ experience of accessing the counselling service, their expectations and experiences of the counselling sessions, and their recommendations for future development. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Data reporting was done using Consolidated Criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist (COREQ). Results All twelve participants (Patients n= 3, Family members n = 7 and Bereaved family members n=2) considered their overall experience of the counselling support positive. Four key themes were identified: perceived benefits, feasibility, appraisal and context of care. Conduit to resilience, enhanced coping, relief through disclosure, maintaining family relationship and individualised support were the main perceived benefits experienced by participants. The nurse-counsellor’s counselling expertise and critical care background was appreciated by the majority of the participants. Conclusion In conclusion, the counselling support provided to patients, family members and bereaved family members was considered a feasible and acceptable intervention. Relevance to future research: A full-scale randomised control trial is required to measure the impact of counselling service on patient and family outcomes. Keywords: Critical care, counselling, patients, family members, and bereaved family members

Seed Longevity of Melaleuca quinquenervia: A Burial Experiment in South Florida

Burial and removal techniques with seed bags were used to examine the viability and longevity of Melaleuca quinquenervia seeds at four field sites representing different soil types and hydrological conditions in South Florida. Seed viability was determined over different burial durations in the soil through a combination of germination tests and 2,3,5-triphenyl- tetrazolium chloride (TTC) treatments. Control seeds kept dry at 25 C in the laboratory maintained same viability of ca. 15% over the 3-year study. In the field, seed viability decreased with increased burial duration.(PDF has 4 pages.

Cultural effects for drug abuse : a case study on Nepalese youth drug users

Master's thesis in global studies. School of Mission and Theology, june 2016MV 17 S

Exploring Smart Infrastructure Concepts to Improve the Reliability and Functionality of Safety Oriented Connected Vehicle Applications

Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC), a form of vehicle platooning, is a well known connected vehicle application. It extends adaptive cruise control (ACC) by incorporating vehicle-to-vehicle communications. A vehicle periodically broadcasts a small message that includes in the least a unique vehicle identifier, its current geo-location, speed, and acceleration. A vehicle might pay attention to the message stream of only the car ahead. While CACC is under intense study by the academic community, the vast majority of the relevant published literature has been limited to theoretical studies that make many simplifying assumptions. The research presented in this dissertation has been motivated by our observation that there is limited understanding of how platoons actually work under a range of realistic operating conditions. Our research includes a performance study of V2V communications based on actual V2V radios supplemented by simulation. These results are in turn applied to the analysis of CACC. In order to understand a platoon at scale, we resort to simulations and analysis using the ns3 simulator. Assessment criteria includes network reliability measures as well as application oriented measures. Network assessment involves latency and first and second order loss dynamics. CACC performance is based on stability, frequency of crashes, and the rate of traffic flow. The primary goal of CACC is to maximize traffic flow subject to a maximum allowed speed. This requires maintaining smaller inter-vehicle distances which can be problematic as a platoon can become unstable as the target headway between cars is reduced. The main contribution of this dissertation is the development and evaluation of two heuristic approaches for dynamically adapting headway both of which attempt to minimize the headway while ensure stability. We present the design and analysis of a centralized and a distributed implementation of the algorithm. Our results suggest that dynamically adapting the headway time can improve the overall platoon traffic flow without the platoon becoming unstable

Tourism Service Marketing and Development Efforts in Nepal : A Case Study : Alfresco Adventure Private Limited Nepal

Tourism services are the pioneers of the tourism industry. Services determine the level of industry and its future at large. Tourism service marketing hence, has a significant role in up- lifting country‟s tourism Industry. The main aim of this Bachelor‟s thesis is to magnify Nepal‟s tourism service marketing structure, process and execution. The authors further researched on the developing efforts made by Nepal so as to uplift the standard of the tourism service marketing in domestic as well as international arena. Along with the research, the authors have provided their views and suggestions for the development of tourism services marketing in Nepal. In this study various practices, implementations, methods, strategies, challenges and cultures regarding tourism services marketing in Nepal were examined by the researchers. Both practical and theoretical studies were incorporated in this study. The tourists, stakeholders, service providers and tourism experts of Nepal were interviewed. Various articles, journals, books and magazines related to tourism services marketing were read. From the both practical and theoretical study, an ideational framework of the tourists‟, stakeholders‟ and experts‟ perception towards Tourism Services marketing in Nepal was built. The framework was used as a tool for the empirical analysis of the study. Alfresco Adventure travel agency was chosen as the case study. The travel agency was small part of the study as the researchers‟ biggest challenge was to study the whole country‟s tourism. The study of the Alfresco travels agency‟s tourism marketing methods and challenges have played an inclusive role in this the- sis. In order to carry out the research, 35 tourists, 6 service providers and 2 tourism experts of Nepal were interviewed. 43 responses were received and the results were empirically analyzed. The results of the respondents showed that there is a huge need to develop the tourism services, infrastructures, the level of marketing and the standard of Nepal tourism as a whole. The results have the blend of tourists‟, service providers‟ and the experts‟ take on the tour- ism services and marketing. The common perception from all the respondents was that Nepal lacks various things in terms of tourism services marketing and the government of Nepal has to play the biggest role to develop the standard and take up the responsibilities to rectify the errors

Psychological Resilience and Perceived Social Support Among Women Exposed to Traumatic Events of Saptari District, (Kanchanrup Municipality)

Saptari is the smallest district in Nepal; it lies in the country’s eastern development region. There have been limited studies conducted about Maithali women\u27s status and domestic violence they face, however, no studies were conducted about the psychological resilience and social support they receive to overcome these adversities specifically in the Saptari district. The position of Madhesi women is worse because of analphabetism, and political, religious, and superstitious beliefs. The study\u27s primary objective is to examine the relationship between resilience and social support among women facing traumatic events in life. A descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of 200 respondents from the paralegal committee and the Kanchanrup municipality community, in the Saptari district. Quantitative data was collected for this research. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used to measure resilience and social support. Pearson\u27s correlation and t-test analyses were performed to examine associations between resilience and independent variables. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 16. The study findings indicated significant associations between resilience and social support (r==.853,

Programmed cell death as a defence against infection

Eukaryotic cells can die from physical trauma, resulting in necrosis. Alternately, they can die via programmed cell death upon stimulation of specific signalling pathways. Here we discuss the utility of four cell death pathways in innate immune defence against bacterial and viral infection: apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and NETosis. We describe the interactions that interweave different programmed cell death pathways, which create complex signalling networks that cross-guard each other in the evolutionary arms race with pathogens. Finally, we describe how the resulting cell corpses — apoptotic bodies, pore-induced intracellular traps (PITs) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) — promote clearance of infection

Original Article

Abstract Introduction: Traditionally grandmultiparity has been considered to be an obstetric hazard both to the mother and foetus. Compounding factors are low socioeconomic status, poor female literacy and social deprivation. In developed populations with improved and optimal obstetric services, parity per se is no longer considered a significant risk for adverse obstetric and perinatal outcome. Objectives: To compare the obstetric and perinatal outcome between grandmultiparas and second gravidas with previous one delivery as well as analyse certain socio demographic features in the two groups. Methodology: Case records from Maternity Hospital, Kathmandu, an inner city tertiary care centre were retrospectively studied. 106 cases of grandmultiparous patients were compared with 110 cases of second gravidas who had previously delivered once which was taken as the control group. Biosocial features as well as obstetric and perinatal outcome were analyzed. Results: Rural residents comprised 60.4% of the grandmultiparous group versus 27.7% of the control group. A predominance of early marriage as well as an older age profile was noted in the grandmultipara. ANC attendance was documented to be much lower among grandmultipara with 26.4% having absolutely no antenatal care. A higher frequency of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, preterm birth, anaemia, malpresentations, multiple pregnancy and premature rupture of membranes, postpartum haemorrhage and retained placenta was noted in the grandmultipara which also had a slightly higher caesarean delivery rate. The salient adverse perinatal outcome was found to be intrauterine foetal death, preterm birth and neonatal sepsis. Conclusion: In our set up grandmultiparity continues to challenge our obstetric practice with its associated increased likelihood of maternal and perinatal complications. Concerted effort should be directed to reducing high parity in the community through effective family planning initiatives and specialized antepartum and intrapartum supervision of this group should be available

Unusual case of failure to thrive: Type III Bartter syndrome.

Bartter syndrome Type III is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from an inherited defect in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle of the nephrons in kidney. The typical clinical manifestations in childhood are failure to thrive and recurrent episodes of vomiting. Typical laboratory findings which help in the diagnosis are hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and hypercalciuria. We report a case of Type III Bartter syndrome not responding to repeated conventional treatment of failure to thrive