Generalized radio resource management for overlapping MBS zones

Multicast and broadcast service (MBS) is a point-to-multipoint service where data packets are transmitted simultaneously from a single source to multiple destinations. In MBS, some base stations (BSs) may form an MBS zone and transmit identical MBS contents simultaneously using the same modulation and coding scheme. Hence, the network has to coordinate the transmission of BSs such that BSs belonging to multiple MBS zones may utilize non-conflict resources to transmit different MBS contents. This paper extends the work in [10] for accommodating MBS zones with different service presence probabilities and various bandwidth requirements. A continuous allocation algorithm and a non-continuous allocation algorithm are presented to allocate resource units for overlapping MBS zones. Simulations were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms

Ripple: A Distributed Medium Access Protocol for Multi-hop Wireless Mesh Networks

Abstract-Wireless mesh network, a new wireless broadband access technology, is currently attracting significant attention. This work proposes a distributed medium access protocol, named Ripple, for wireless mesh networks (WMNs) under tree topology. In contrast to existing random-access approaches, Ripple uses a controlled-access approach to protect nodes from unintentional packet collisions and maximize the spatial reuse. The performance of Ripple under an error-free channel was investigated and the accuracy of the analysis was verified by simulation. Simulation results also indicated that Ripple achieved throughput, stability, and QoS enhancement than that of 802.11 DCF under a highly loaded situation in both chain and tree topologies

High salt-induced excess reactive oxygen species production resulted in heart tube malformation during gastrulation

An association has been proved between high salt consumption and cardiovascular mortality. In vertebrates, the heart is the first functional organ to be formed. However, it is not clear whether high‐salt exposure has an adverse impact on cardiogenesis. Here we report high‐salt exposure inhibited basement membrane breakdown by affecting RhoA, thus disturbing the expression of Slug/E‐cadherin/N‐cadherin/Laminin and interfering with mesoderm formation during the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition(EMT). Furthermore, the DiI+ cell migration trajectory in vivo and scratch wound assays in vitro indicated that high‐salt exposure restricted cell migration of cardiac progenitors, which was caused by the weaker cytoskeleton structure and unaltered corresponding adhesion junctions at HH7. Besides, down‐regulation of GATA4/5/6, Nkx2.5, TBX5, and Mef2c and up‐regulation of Wnt3a/β‐catenin caused aberrant cardiomyocyte differentiation at HH7 and HH10. High‐salt exposure also inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Most importantly, our study revealed that excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated by high salt disturbed the expression of cardiac‐related genes, detrimentally affecting the above process including EMT, cell migration, differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis, which is the major cause of malformation of heart tubes

Evidence for a Shallow Evolution in the Volume Densities of Massive Galaxies at z=4z=4 to 88 from CEERS

We analyze the evolution of massive (log$_{10}$ [$M_\star/M_\odot$] $>10$) galaxies at $z \sim$ 4--8 selected from the JWST Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey. We infer the physical properties of all galaxies in the CEERS NIRCam imaging through spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting with dense basis to select a sample of high redshift massive galaxies. Where available we include constraints from additional CEERS observing modes, including 18 sources with MIRI photometric coverage, and 28 sources with spectroscopic confirmations from NIRSpec or NIRCam wide-field slitless spectroscopy. We sample the recovered posteriors in stellar mass from SED fitting to infer the volume densities of massive galaxies across cosmic time, taking into consideration the potential for sample contamination by active galactic nuclei (AGN). We find that the evolving abundance of massive galaxies tracks expectations based on a constant baryon conversion efficiency in dark matter halos for $z \sim$ 1--4. At higher redshifts, we observe an excess abundance of massive galaxies relative to this simple model. These higher abundances can be explained by modest changes to star formation physics and/or the efficiencies with which star formation occurs in massive dark matter halos, and are not in tension with modern cosmology.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figure

A Broadly Flavivirus Cross-Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody that Recognizes a Novel Epitope within the Fusion Loop of E Protein

Flaviviruses are a group of human pathogenic, enveloped RNA viruses that includes dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), West Nile (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis (JEV) viruses. Cross-reactive antibodies against Flavivirus have been described, but most of them are generally weakly neutralizing. In this study, a novel monoclonal antibody, designated mAb 2A10G6, was determined to have broad cross-reactivity with DENV 1–4, YFV, WNV, JEV, and TBEV. Phage-display biopanning and structure modeling mapped 2A10G6 to a new epitope within the highly conserved flavivirus fusion loop peptide, the 98DRXW101 motif. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that 2A10G6 potently neutralizes DENV 1–4, YFV, and WNV and confers protection from lethal challenge with DENV 1–4 and WNV in murine model. Furthermore, functional studies revealed that 2A10G6 blocks infection at a step after viral attachment. These results define a novel broadly flavivirus cross-reactive mAb with highly neutralizing activity that can be further developed as a therapeutic agent against severe flavivirus infections in humans

Smoothing the drive: critical access for intelligent transportation systems

Long-term evolution (LTE)-based vehicular-to-everything (V2X) service is one of the promising technologies for supporting intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). LTE adopts a request-grant approach for allocating wireless resources. Each user follows a contention-based random access (RA) procedure to transmit its request. However, this procedure may result in unbounded delay if too many users compete for limited RA resources. Therefore, prioritized critical access in the LTE RA procedure is required to differentiate critical V2X services from noncritical ones