Aprenentatge actiu dels sistemes d’informació

L’especialitat de Sistemes d’Informació del Grau en Enginyeria Informàtica ha de capacitar l’estudiant o estudianta per comprendre els processos operatius i la gestió que porten a terme les persones en les organitzacions i familiaritzar l’estudiant amb els diferents tipus d’eines tecnològiques existents actualment en un SI. En aquest projecte es persegueix impulsar un procés d’aprenentatge més efectiu de la realitat dels sistemes d’informació en les organitzacions a través de la visualització dels problemes del “món real”, de manera que es generi l’interès de l’estudiantat pels continguts, se’ls faci entendre la rellevància dels problemes plantejats i se’ls doni eines per buscar més informació sobre nous problemes que no s’havien plantejat inicialment.Peer Reviewe

Use of an Inverse Method for Time Series to Estimate the Dynamics of and Management Strategies for the Box Jellyfish Carybdea marsupialis

14 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, supporting Information https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137272Frequently, population ecology of marine organisms uses a descriptive approach in which their sizes and densities are plotted over time. This approach has limited usefulness for design strategies in management or modelling different scenarios. Population projection matrix models are among themost widely used tools in ecology. Unfortunately, for the majority of pelagic marine organisms, it is difficult to mark individuals and follow themover time to determine their vital rates and built a population projectionmatrixmodel. Nevertheless, it is possible to get time-series data to calculate size structure and densities of each size, in order to determine the matrix parameters. This approach is known as a “demographic inverse problem” and it is based on quadratic programming methods, but it has rarely been used on aquatic organisms.We used unpublished field data of a population of cubomedusae Carybdea marsupialis to construct a population projection matrix model and compare two different management strategies to lower population to values before year 2008 when there was no significant interaction with bathers. Those strategies were by direct removal of medusae and by reducing prey. Our results showed that removal of jellyfish fromall size classes was more effective than removing only juveniles or adults.When reducing prey, the highest efficiency to lower the C. marsupialis population occurred when prey depletion affected prey of all medusae sizes. Our model fit well with the field data and may serve to design an efficient management strategy or build hypothetical scenarios such as removal of individuals or reducing prey. TThis This sdfsdshis method is applicable to othermarine or terrestrial species, for which density and population structure over time are availableThis research was carried out under contract LIFE 08 NAT ES 0064 (to CB and VLF) cofinanced by the European Commission (www. cubomed.eu), the Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, the Dirección General del Agua of the Regional Government of Valencia and the Fundación Biodiversidad. This work was also partially supported by Spanish Ministry of Education and Science co-funded by FEDER This research was carried out under contract LIFE 08 NAT ES 0064 (to CB and VLF) cofinanced by the European Commission (www.cubomed.eu), the Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, the Dirección General del Agua of the Regional Government of Valencia and the Fundación Biodiversidad. This work was also partially supported by Spanish Ministry of Education and Science co-funded by FEDERPeer Reviewe

Evaluation of potential Spanish text markers on social posts asfeatures for polarity classification

This work describes the identification and evaluation process of potential text markers for sen-timent analysis. Evaluation of the markers and its use as part of the feature extraction processfrom plain text that is needed for sentiment analysis is presented. Evaluation of text markerobtained as a result of systematic analysis from a corpus over a second one allowed us to iden-tify that emphasized positive words are strong indicators for positive text. The second corpusallowed us to evaluate the relation between the polarity of emphasized words and the text theyappear in. Evaluation of the markers for polarity detection task in combination with a polarizeddictionary produced polarity classification average precision of 56% using only three markers.This are promising results compared to the top 69% obtained using more features and specializeddictionaries for the same taskUniversidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa RicaMinisterio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones/[]/MICITT/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ingeniería::Facultad de Ingeniería::Escuela de Ciencias de la Computación e InformáticaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ingeniería::Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (CITIC)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Artes y Letras::Facultad de Letras::Escuela de Filología, Lingüística y Literatur

Novel insights into enzymes inhibitory responses and metabolomic profile of supercritical fluid extract from chestnut shells upon intestinal permeability

The health benefits of chestnut (Castanea sativa) shells (CSs) have been ascribed to phytochemicals, mainly phenolic compounds. Nevertheless, an exhaustive assessment of their intestinal absorption is vital considering a possible nutraceutical application. This study evaluated the bioactivity of CSs extract prepared by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and untargeted metabolomic profile upon in-vitro intestinal permeation across a Caco-2/HT29- MTX co-culture model. The results demonstrated the neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic properties of CSs extract by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, α-amylase, and lipase activities. The untargeted metabolic profiling by LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS unveiled almost 60 % of lipids and 30 % of phenolic compounds, with 29 metabolic pathways indicated by enrichment analysis. Among phenolics, mostly phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarins permeated the intestinal barrier with most metabolites arising from phase I reactions (reduction, hydrolysis, and hydrogenation) and a minor fraction from phase II reactions (methylation). The permeation rates enhanced in the following order: ellagic acid <o-coumaric acid <p-coumaric acid <ferulaldehyde ≤hydroxyferulic acid ≤dihydroferulic acid <ferulic acid <trans-caffeic acid <trans-cinnamic acid <dihydrocaffeic acid, with better outcomes for 1000 µg/mL of extract concentration and after 4 h of permeation. Taken together, these findings sustained a considerable in-vitro intestinal absorption of phenolic compounds from CSs extract, enabling them to reach target sites and exert their biological effects. 

Factores socio-demográficos implicados en la relación entre la ansiedad hacia las matemáticas y el rendimiento matemático: una revisión paraguas

Introduction: several studies provide evidence on the negative association between mathematics anxiety and mathematics achievement. However, there is no consensus on the factors that moderate this relationship. The present research synthesized the results in relation to the association between mathematics anxiety and mathematics achievement, as well as certain variables that influence this link.Methods: an umbrella review of meta-analyses conducted between 2015-2022, including a total of 505 studies.Discussion: the results confirm the negative association between math anxiety and mathematics achievement. This relationship extends from elementary school to adulthood, and is not specific to the academic context. Weaker correlations are established during primary school samples, while the strongest correlations are identified in secondary school and pre-university groups. This association is not influenced by gender, and varies between geographic regions. Specifically, it was stronger in Asian students, compared to European and American students.Conclusions: the results suggest the need of future research efforts to design actions for the early identification of children at risk of math anxiety and support them, in order to increase their performance in this domain of knowledge in academic and everyday life settings where Mathematics is relevant for decision making and individual success. It also contributes elements to the debate on MA as a specific anxiety disorder and its inclusion in the diagnostic manuals of mental disorders.Introducción: diversos estudios proveen evidencias sobre la asociación negativa entre la ansiedad hacia las matemáticas y el rendimiento matemático. Sin embargo, no hay consenso sobre los factores que moderan esta relación. La presente investigación sintetizó los resultados en relación al vínculo entre ansiedad hacia las matemáticas y rendimiento matemático, así como determinadas variables que influyen en dicho vínculo. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de revisión paraguas de meta-análisis realizados entre los años 2015-2022, que incluyeron un total de 505 estudios.Discusión: los resultados confirman la asociación negativa entre ansiedad hacia las matemáticas y el rendimiento matemático. Esta relación se extiende desde la enseñanza primaria hasta la adultez, y no es específica del contexto académico. Durante la enseñanza primaria se establecen correlaciones más débiles, mientras que las correlaciones más fuertes se identifican en secundaria y preuniversitario. Dicha asociación es similar para ambos sexos, y varía entre regiones geográficas. Específicamente, fue más fuerte en estudiantes asiáticos, que en estudiantes europeos y estadounidenses. Conclusiones: los resultados recomiendan realizar futuros esfuerzos de investigación para desarrollar acciones de identificación temprana de niños en riesgo de sufrir ansiedad hacia las matemáticas y apoyarlos para incrementar su rendimiento en este dominio del conocimiento en escenarios docentes y de la vida cotidiana donde este dominio del conocimiento es relevante para la toma de decisiones y el éxito individual. Asimismo, aporta elementos al debate sobre la AM como un trastorno específico de ansiedad y su inclusión en los manuales de diagnóstico de los trastornos mentales

Results and achievements of the ALLIANCE Project: New network solutions for 5G and beyond

Leaving the current 4th generation of mobile communications behind, 5G will represent a disruptive paradigm shift integrating 5G Radio Access Networks (RANs), ultra-high-capacity access/metro/core optical networks, and intra-datacentre (DC) network and computational resources into a single converged 5G network infrastructure. The present paper overviews the main achievements obtained in the ALLIANCE project. This project ambitiously aims at architecting a converged 5G-enabled network infrastructure satisfying those needs to effectively realise the envisioned upcoming Digital Society. In particular, we present two networking solutions for 5G and beyond 5G (B5G), such as Software Defined Networking/Network Function Virtualisation (SDN/NFV) on top of an ultra-high-capacity spatially and spectrally flexible all-optical network infrastructure, and the clean-slate Recursive Inter-Network Architecture (RINA) over packet networks, including access, metro, core and DC segments. The common umbrella of all these solutions is the Knowledge-Defined Networking (KDN)-based orchestration layer which, by implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, enables an optimal end-to-end service provisioning. Finally, the cross-layer manager of the ALLIANCE architecture includes two novel elements, namely the monitoring element providing network and user data in real time to the KDN, and the blockchain-based trust element in charge of exchanging reliable and confident information with external domains.This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under contract FEDER TEC2017-90034-C2 (ALLIANCE project) and by the Generalitat de Catalunya under contract 2017SGR-1037 and 2017SGR-605.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet

The traditional Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high intake of olive oil, fruit, nuts, vegetables, and cereals; a moderate intake of fish and poultry; a low intake of dairy products, red meat, processed meats, and sweets; and wine in moderation, consumed with meals.1 In observational cohort studies2,3 and a secondary prevention trial (the Lyon Diet Heart Study),4 increasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been consistently beneficial with respect to cardiovascular risk.2-4 A systematic review ranked the Mediterranean diet as the most likely dietary model to provide protection against coronary heart disease.5 Small clinical trials have uncovered plausible biologic mechanisms to explain the salutary effects of this food pattern.6-9 We designed a randomized trial to test the efficacy of two Mediterranean diets (one supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil and another with nuts), as compared with a control diet (advice on a low-fat diet), on primary cardiovascular prevention

Efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of post-radiotherapy rectal tumor

Introduction: Local restaging of rectal tumor to assess the degree of rectal wall invasion determines the extent of surgical intervention. Endoscopic ultrasound is an accurate technique in initial staging, but has limitations in post-radiation therapy evaluation. Objective: To determine the diagnostic efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of post-radiotherapy rectal tumor. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, case series study of 54 patients with irradiated rectal tumor re-evaluated by endoscopic ultrasound at the National Center for Minimal Access Surgery between September 2018 and December 2022. To determine the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound, the following were calculated: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, likelihood ratios, Youden index and diagnostic agreement according to kappa index. The histological study of the surgical specimen was the reference standard. Results: The overall concordance of the endoscopic ultrasound was 79.6%, the kappa index was weak (k= 0.1951; p= 0.05). It showed good sensitivity (97.62%), however, specificity, negative predictive value and positive likelihood ratio were low. Of the patients, 48.1% were overstaged. The validity index was good (79.63%) and the test performance showed a Youden index of 0.14. Conclusions: The efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of post-radiotherapy rectal tumor, has limitations due to its low specificity; it fails to discriminate between fibrosis and residual malignant lesion

Aerosolized Surfactant in Adults with Sepsis-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have a deficiency of surfactant. Surfactant replacement improves physiologic function in such patients, and preliminary data suggest that it may improve survival. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 725 patients with sepsis-induced ARDS. Patients were stratified according to the risk of death at base line (indicated by their score on the Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE III] index) and randomly assigned to receive either continuously administered synthetic surfactant (13.5 mg of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine per milliliter, 364 patients) or placebo (o.45 percent saline; 361 patients) in aerosolized form for up to five days. RESULTS: The demographic and physiologic characteristics of the two treatment groups were similar at base line. The mean (+/- SD) age was 50 +/- 17 years in the surfactant group and 53 +/- 18 years in the placebo group, and the mean APACHE III scores at randomization were 70.4 +/- 25 and 70.5 +/- 25, respectively. Hemodynamic measures, measures of oxygenation, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of stay in intensive care unit did not differ significantly in the two groups. Survival at 30 days was 60 percent for both groups. Survival was similar in the groups when analyzed according to APACHE III score, cause of death, time of onset and severity of ARDS, presence or absence of documented sepsis, underlying disease, whether or not there was a do-not-resuscitate order, and medical center. Increased secretions were significantly more frequent in the surfactant group; the rates of other complications were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The continuous administration of aerosolized synthetic surfactant to patients with sepsis-induced ARDS had no significant effect on 30-day survival, length of stay in the intensive care unit, duration of mechanical ventilation, or physiologic function

Dietary inflammatory index and anthropometric measures of obesity in a population sample at high cardiovascular risk from the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) trial

The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a new tool to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet. In the present study, we aimed to determine the association between the DII and BMI, waist circumference and waist:height ratio (WHtR). We conducted a cross-sectional study of 7236 participants recruited into the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea trial. Information from a validated 137-item FFQ was used to calculate energy, food and nutrient intakes. A fourteen-item dietary screener was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet). Sex-specific multivariable linear regression models were fitted to estimate differences (and 95 % CI) in BMI, waist circumference and WHtR across the quintiles of the DII. All nutrient intakes, healthy foods and adherence to the MeDiet were higher in the quintile with the lowest DII score (more anti-inflammatory values) except for intakes of animal protein, saturated fat and monounsaturated fat. Although an inverse association between the DII and total energy was apparent, the DII was associated with higher average BMI, waist circumference and WHtR after adjusting for known risk factors. The adjusted difference in the WHtR for women and men between the highest and lowest quintiles of the DII was 1·60 % (95 % CI 0·87, 2·33) and 1·04 % (95 % CI 0·35, 1·74), respectively. Pro-inflammatory scores remained associated with obesity after controlling for the effect that adherence to a MeDiet had on inflammation. In conclusion, the present study shows a direct association between the DII and indices of obesity, and supports the hypothesis that diet may have a role in the development of obesity through inflammatory modulation mechanisms