Comportamiento agronómico de poblaciones de maíz (Zea mays L.) que segregan al mutante poliembrionía

The maize polyembryony (PEm) is phenotypically expressed when the seed germinates in two or more seedlings simultaneously, which in turn develops the capacity to overcome the close competition among sisters and neighboring plants. Because of that, it is thought that the inclusion of PEm in some new maize varieties can be useful looking for high yields and corn grain quality as a response to the global food demand. This research is about the PEm inheritance, the inclusion, recovery of polyembryony in segregating populations, and exploring their performance capacity. The foundation populations were the progenies from crosses among polyembryonic sources and inbred lines, producing several F1 groups, and from each the proper F2, and G3 and G4 generations. The latter two were developed through successive positive assortative matings (AM+). G3 populations were used to generate diallel crossings, Griffing’s method 4, and part of them were evaluated in a performance assay, using a complete block design with a split-split plot arrangement. Results supported a validation of the inheritance model proposed for this sort of polyembryony, which states that the trait is controlled by two independent loci, under epistatic interaction of the type "duplicate gene action". Moreover, the arbitrarily handling of sexual reproduction in F2 plants and in G3 and G4 generations through positive assortative matings (AM+) increased the PEm frequency on an average up to 40 % in G4, departing from the 4.9 % in F2. Also, the performance assay shown a yield potential of the trait. The PEm mutant might be useful in maize production.La poliembrionía de maíz (PEm) se expresa fenotípicamente cuando la semilla germina en dos o más plántulas simultáneamente, lo que a su vez desarrolla la capacidad de superar la competencia cercana entre hermanas y plantas vecinas. Por eso, se cree que la inclusión de PEm en algunas variedades de maíz nuevas puede ser útil en busca de altos rendimientos y calidad de grano de maíz como respuesta a la demanda global de alimentos. Esta investigación trata sobre la herencia de PEm, la inclusión, la recuperación de la poliembrionía en poblaciones segregantes y la exploración de su capacidad de rendimiento. Las poblaciones de base fueron las progenies de cruzamientos entre fuentes poliembriónicas y líneas puras, produciendo varios grupos F1, F2, G3 y G4 apropiados. Los dos últimos se desarrollaron a través de apareamiento preferencial positivo (AM +). Las poblaciones G3 se utilizaron para generar cruzas dialélicas, método 4 de Griffing, y parte de ellas fueron evaluadas en un ensayo de rendimiento, utilizando un diseño de bloques completos al azar con arreglo en parcelas subdivididas. Los resultados respaldaron una validación del modelo de herencia propuesto para este tipo de poliembrionía, en el cual se establece que el rasgo está controlado por dos loci independientes, bajo una interacción epistática del tipo "acción genética duplicada". Además, el manejo arbitrario de la reproducción sexual en plantas F2 y en generaciones G3 y G4 mediante apareamiento preferencial positivo (AM +) aumentó la frecuencia de PEm en un promedio de hasta 40% en G4, partiendo del 4,9% en F2. Además, el ensayo de rendimiento mostró potencial en los rasgos relacionados con el rendimiento. El mutante PEm podría ser útil en la producción de maíz.Fil: Alcalá-Rico, Juan Samuel Guadalupe Jesús. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (México)Fil: Espinoza-Velázquez, José. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (México)Fil: López-Benítez, Alfonso. Colegio de Postgraduados. Campus Puebla (México)Fil: Borrego-Escalante, Fernando. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (México)Fil: Rodriguez-Herrera, Raul. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila (México)Fil: Hernández-Martínez, Rosendo. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (México

Desarrollo de un plan de negocio para la implementación de una cadena de restaurantes brasa en la ciudad de Lima

La coyuntura de la COVID-19 trajo cambios a todo nivel, con ello tanto personas como empresas han ido adaptándose a lo que se conoce como “nueva normalidad”. Asimismo, el contexto político y los conflictos mundiales están generando impactos en los negocios, sin embargo, se pueden divisar nuevas oportunidades que deben ser aprovechadas. Según estadísticas del INEI, la ampliación de horarios de atención, el incremento del aforo, aumento de publicidad en redes sociales, etc., permitió que el sector restaurantes impulse su recuperación. Además, el hecho de que las empresas se adapten rápidamente y logren avances en cuanto a su transformación digital, ha traído una gran expansión en el uso de servicios digitales, donde 14.82 millones de peruanos realizan pagos digitales; y un crecimiento del gasto en e-commerce, especialmente en el sector de comida. Sansa es una cadena de restaurantes brasa que busca entregar una variedad de productos de alta calidad sin esperas, a través de una aplicación donde los clientes podrán elegir la mesa y horario, realizar el pedido y pagar. De esta manera su orden estará lista a la hora de su llegada y podrán disfrutar al máximo de su estadía. La propuesta está principalmente dirigida a personas que cuentan con un tiempo limitado en el horario de refrigerio, y según el sondeo de mercado realizado más del 94% la aprueba. El VAN es de S/2,348,874.72, WACC de 9.11% y una TIR 22.30%, lo cual demuestra que el proyecto es factible y rentable. El payback se estima en 3.15 años.Trabajo de investigació

Pharmacology Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds that Regulate Cervical Cancer Cells

Cancer has been a public health problem that has gained a lot of death. However, in spite of the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, women follow the struggle versus this disease. Also, those patients suffer from limited efficacy and specificity, undesirable effects, drug resistance, and a high cost of treatments. Currently, several studies have demonstrated the efficiency of natural products, called bioactive compounds, against cervical cancer cell lines. Bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and phenolic acids or flavonoids, etc., have antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties. These compounds are efficacy and show high specificity because probably they act as anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant. The pro-oxidant activity obstructs growth factors related to different signalling pathways that trigger cancer. Although, usually this kind of compounds helps for dispatching the apoptosis in cervical cancer cell. The aim of this chapter is reviewing how bioactive compounds affect the signalling pathways

Agronomic performance of maize (Zea mays L.) populations segregating the polyembryony mutant

The maize polyembryony (PEm) is phenotypically expressed when the seed germinates in two or more seedlings simultaneously, which in turn develops the capacity to overcome the close competition among sisters and neighboring plants. Because of that, it is thought that the inclusion of PEm in some new maize varieties can be useful looking for high yields and corn grain quality as a response to the global food demand. This research is about the PEm inheritance, the inclusion, recovery of polyembryony in segregating populations, and exploring their performance capacity. The foundation populations were the progenies from crosses among polyembryonic sources and inbred lines, producing several F1 groups, and from each the proper F2, and G3 and G4 generations. The latter two were developed through successive positive assortative matings (AM+). G3 populations were used to generate diallel crossings, Griffing’s method 4, and part of them were evaluated in a performance assay, using a complete block design with a split-split plot arrangement. Results supported a validation of the inheritance model proposed for this sort of polyembryony, which states that the trait is controlled by two independent loci, under epistatic interaction of the type "duplicate gene action". Moreover, the arbitrarily handling of sexual reproduction in F2 plants and in G3 and G4 generations through positive assortative matings (AM+) increased the PEm frequency on an average up to 40 % in G4, departing from the 4.9 % in F2. Also, the performance assay shown a yield potential of the trait. The PEm mutant might be useful in maize production. The maize polyembryony (PEm) is phenotypically expressed when the seed germinates in two or more seedlings simultaneously, which in turn develops the capacity to overcome the close competition among sisters and neighboring plants. Because of that, it is thought that the inclusion of PEm in some new maize varieties can be useful looking for high yields and corn grain quality as a response to the global food demand. This research is about the PEm inheritance, the inclusion, recovery of polyembryony in segregating populations, and exploring their performance capacity. The foundation populations were the progenies from crosses among polyembryonic sources and inbred lines, producing several F1 groups, and from each the proper F2, and G3 and G4 generations. The latter two were developed through successive positive assortative matings (AM+). G3 populations were used to generate diallel crossings, Griffing’s method 4, and part of them were evaluated in a performance assay, using a complete block design with a split-split plot arrangement. Results supported a validation of the inheritance model proposed for this sort of polyembryony, which states that the trait is controlled by two independent loci, under epistatic interaction of the type "duplicate gene action". Moreover, the arbitrarily handling of sexual reproduction in F2 plants and in G3 and G4 generations through positive assortative matings (AM+) increased the PEm frequency on an average up to 40 % in G4, departing from the 4.9 % in F2. Also, the performance assay shown a yield potential of the trait. The PEm mutant might be useful in maize production.&nbsp

Accelerating to Zero: Strategies to Eliminate Malaria in the Peruvian Amazon.

AbstractIn February 2014, the Malaria Elimination Working Group, in partnership with the Peruvian Ministry of Health (MoH), hosted its first international conference on malaria elimination in Iquitos, Peru. The 2-day meeting gathered 85 malaria experts, including 18 international panelists, 23 stakeholders from different malaria-endemic regions of Peru, and 11 MoH authorities. The main outcome was consensus that implementing a malaria elimination project in the Amazon region is achievable, but would require: 1) a comprehensive strategic plan, 2) the altering of current programmatic guidelines from control toward elimination by including symptomatic as well as asymptomatic individuals for antimalarial therapy and transmission-blocking interventions, and 3) the prioritization of community-based active case detection with proper rapid diagnostic tests to interrupt transmission. Elimination efforts must involve key stakeholders and experts at every level of government and include integrated research activities to evaluate, implement, and tailor sustainable interventions appropriate to the region

Evolución del volcanismo submarino en el estrecho Bransfield: Relación de las emanaciones hidrotermales con la biodiversidad y el cambio climático - [Boletín M 1]

Las expediciones científicas peruanas a la Antártida se realizan desde el año 1988, fecha en la que se realizó la Primera Expedición Científica Peruana a la Antártida – ANTAR I. Esta expedición se realizó a bordo del BIC Humboldt. El Ingemmet, como ente rector de las geociencias en nuestro país, participa desde la segunda expedición antártica, primero como apoyo técnico y geológico en Punta Crepín, isla Rey Jorge, para la construcción y ampliación de la Estación Científica Machu Picchu. A partir del período 2018-2019 y con arribo de la moderna plataforma BAP Carrasco, se empiezan a desarrollar proyectos de investigación multidisciplinarios en geología marina y antártica, con colaboración de instituciones nacionales e internacionales. Siendo así, el Ingemmet, para el desarrollo de la XXVII Expedición Científica Peruana a la Antártida – ANTAR XXVII, presenta un proyecto multidisciplinario que busca relacionar el impacto de la geología en la distribución y biodiversidad del fondo marino Este proyecto se titula “Evolución del Volcanismo Submarino en el estrecho de Bransfield: Relación de las Emanaciones Hidrotermales con la Biodiversidad y el Cambio Climático” y se desarrolla en coordinación y cooperación entre el Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (Ingemmet), la universidad Científica del Sur (Científica – Perú), la Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República (Uruguay) y el Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andréis (Invemar - Colombia). Este proyecto busca caracterizar la morfología y composición de los volcanes y emanaciones hidrotermales submarinas, así como identificar las comunidades biológicas, microbiológicas y características medioambientales del estrecho de Bransfield, Antártida. Siendo así, las actividades para cumplir este objetivo se desarrollan a través de la realización de cruceros de investigación geológica-oceanográfica, que se denominan cruceros multinacionales ORCA. La ejecución de las actividades se realiza a bordo de la plataforma científica BAP Carrasco, y son coordinadas por la Dirección de Asuntos Antárticos del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. El crucero tuvo una duración de 15 días efectivos de trabajo y abarco 4 áreas de recolección de información: bahía Collins, bahía Almirantazgo, bahía Esperanza y estrecho de Bransfield. Así también, comprendió el levantamiento de información geológica, oceanográfica, biológica, microbiológica, radiológica y de microplásticos entre la isla Rey Jorge y la península antártica. El presente boletín tiene por objetivo mostrar toda la información recopilada durante el desarrollo del Crucero ORCA I, para que sea de disponibilidad de la comunidad científica

Ageing and dementia in low and middle income countries - Using research to engage with public and policy makers

Abstract While two thirds of the 24 million people with dementia worldwide live in low and middle income countries, very little research has been conducted to support policy making in these regions. Among the non-communicable diseases, dementia (in common with other chronic NCDs linked more to long-term disability than to mortality) has been relatively under-prioritized. International agreements, plans and policy guidelines have called for an end to ageist discrimination and a focus upon reducing disadvantage arising from poverty and the consequences of ill health. Social protection, access to good quality age-appropriate healthcare and addressing the problem of disability are all key issues. However, as yet, little progress has been made in addressing these concerns. In this review we outline the current international policy agenda for older individuals, and its specific relevance to those with dementia and other disabling non-communicable diseases. We consider the potential for epidemiological research to raise awareness, refine the policy agenda, and promote action, using the example of the dissemination strategy developed by the 10/66 Dementia Research Group

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation