Pm-EEMRP: Postural Movement Based Energy Efficient Multi-hop Routing Protocol for Intra Wireless Body Sensor Network (Intra-WBSN)

Intra-WBSN plays an important role in health monitoring, military and consumer electronics. It iscomposed of wireless bio-sensor nodes which are strategically placed on the body. Due to body posture movement, network topology of Intra-WBSN changes continuously. It plays a significant role in Intra-WBSN. In proposed Pm-EEMRP, network stability, energy efficiency and high throughput are the prime parametersfor body posture movement in which sensing informations from bio-sensor nodes are forwarded to relay nodes. Relay nodesare deployed in cloths, which aggregate these data and forward it to body network controller (BNC). It provides reliable and comfortable health monitoring. Through simulation, the proposed routing protocol provides better network stability, improved energy efficiency and high throughput in comparison to conventional routing schemes

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

The stylistics analysis of the poem “raqeeb se, to the rival” by Faiz Ahmed Faiz

This study examines the stylistic construction of the poem Raqeeb se “To the Rival” from "Remonstrance" [Naqsh-e-Faryaadii], in which the study unsnarled various literary devices used by Faiz that reveals the style of the poet and aids in understanding the meaning of the text. The present study is comprehensive account of the content, style and the whole language system running in the poem achieved via close reading of the text. The stylistics is done under the aspect of graphological, grammatical, syntactical, phonological patterns. The study via stylistics reveals the pathos and bleakness immersed in the overall tone of the poem.  The overarching theme that pervades through the first part of the poem and culminates into second, is sense of loss and deprivation, which the poet first feels for himself and then for the less privileged underclass.  Since poetry of Faiz exposes the themes of ideology and power relations, political inequality, economical monopoly, social disorder, and how these conditions are created, imposed and put forwarded by particular power groups and some organized institutions. To answer these all questions, the study looks beyond the surface level and closely probe into the situations which are nurtured and developed over a time. &nbsp

Stylistic analysis of charles lamb’s essay dream children-reverie

The study has been designed to analyze a literary piece that is “Dream Children Reverie” written by Charles Lamb via stylistics. The stylistic study deals with linguistic, graphological, phonological, grammatical, syntactical and structural aspects of the essay.  In the study, the text has been explicated via stylistics analysis of the literary devices and style in which the text has been composed of. The study excavates various literary devices from the essay like symbolism, imagery, humor, and pathos that provides ancillary support to the overall meaning and impact of the essay. The present paper is a comprehensive study of literary text via a linguistic perspective.   In addition, the study is also useful to find out themes in the essay Dream Children Reverie and it ensures to depict the self-portraying nature of the composition

The Stylistics Analysis of the Poem “Raqeeb Se, to the Rival” by Faiz Ahmed Faiz

This study examines the stylistic construction of the poem Raqeeb se “To the Rival” from "Remonstrance" [Naqsh-e-Faryaadii], in which the study unsnarled various literary devices used by Faiz that reveals the style of the poet and aids in understanding the meaning of the text. The present study is comprehensive account of the content, style and the whole language system running in the poem achieved via close reading of the text. The stylistics is done under the aspect of graphological, grammatical, syntactical, phonological patterns. The study via stylistics reveals the pathos and bleakness immersed in the overall tone of the poem.  The overarching theme that pervades through the first part of the poem and culminates into second, is sense of loss and deprivation, which the poet first feels for himself and then for the less privileged underclass.  Since poetry of Faiz exposes the themes of ideology and power relations, political inequality, economical monopoly, social disorder, and how these conditions are created, imposed and put forwarded by particular power groups and some organized institutions. To answer these all questions, the study looks beyond the surface level and closely probe into the situations which are nurtured and developed over a time. &nbsp

Yala Changwat (Thailand), man riding elephant

Penal Settlement, Yawkadong, Yala Changwat. Amp. Banong Star. July 2, 1936. Panatomic prom. An elephant for the Governor's Betong trip.GrayscalePendleton nitrate negative, Box 161 of 38

Nephroprotective Effect of Diosmin against Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Damage by Modulating IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and Renal Oxidative Damage

Cisplatin (CP) is a platinum compound of the alkylating agent class that is used for the treatment of various types of cancer. However, CP treatments in cancer patients are accountable for nephrotoxicity, as it is a major adverse effect. Hence, this research study was proposed to investigate the nephroprotective effect of diosmin, a flavonoid glycoside of hesperidin derivatives against cisplatin-induced kidney damage. Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of CP (7.5 mg/kg, i.p) to induce nephrotoxicity. The administration of CP significantly (p p p p p p < 0.001) reduced the elevated levels of these cytokines. The findings of this research demonstrate the nephroprotective effect of diosmin against CP-induced kidney damage. Therefore, we conclude that diosmin may be used as a supplement in the management of nephrotoxicity associated with CP treatments in cancer patients

Nephroprotective Effect of Diosmin against Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Damage by Modulating IL-1&beta;, IL-6, TNF&alpha; and Renal Oxidative Damage

Cisplatin (CP) is a platinum compound of the alkylating agent class that is used for the treatment of various types of cancer. However, CP treatments in cancer patients are accountable for nephrotoxicity, as it is a major adverse effect. Hence, this research study was proposed to investigate the nephroprotective effect of diosmin, a flavonoid glycoside of hesperidin derivatives against cisplatin-induced kidney damage. Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of CP (7.5 mg/kg, i.p) to induce nephrotoxicity. The administration of CP significantly (p &lt; 0.001) increased the markers of kidney function test (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and uric acid) and demonstrated histopathological changes in the kidney of the CP-treated nephrotoxic group. In addition, the CP-treated nephrotoxic group demonstrated a significant (p &lt; 0.001) increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and depleted activities of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).However, diosmin (100 and 200 mg/kg) treatments significantly reduced the elevated levels of kidney function test parameters and restored structural changes in the kidney (p &lt; 0.001). The administration of diosmin (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (p &lt; 0.001) reduced LPO levels, increased GSH content and showed improvements in the activities of GPx, GR, SOD and CAT. The markers of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1&beta;, IL-6 and TNF&alpha; significantly (p &lt; 0.001) increased in the CP-treated nephrotoxic group, whereas diosmin (100 and 200 mg/kg) treatments significantly (p &lt; 0.001) reduced the elevated levels of these cytokines. The findings of this research demonstrate the nephroprotective effect of diosmin against CP-induced kidney damage. Therefore, we conclude that diosmin may be used as a supplement in the management of nephrotoxicity associated with CP treatments in cancer patients