Ferrocenyl Dinuclear Gold(I) Complexes. Study of their Structural Features and the Influence of Bridging and Phosphane Ligands in a Catalytic Cyclization Reaction

The combination of the ferrocene moiety with gold(I) catalysis remains a relatively unexplored field. In this article, we delve into the synthesis, characterization, and potential catalytic activity of four complexes utilizing both monodentate and bidentate ferrocenyl diphenylphosphane ligands (ppf and dppf), coordinated with two gold(I) metal centers, linked by either chloride or pentafluorophenylthiolate bridging ligands. This leads to the formation of cationic “self‐activated” precatalysts capable of initiating the catalytic cycle without the need for external additives. The catalytic activity of these complexes was assessed through a model reaction in gold(I) catalysis, specifically the cyclization of a N‐propargylbenzamide to produce an oxazole. In addition, we studied and compared the influence exerted by both the phosphane and the bridging ligand on the performance of these catalysts

Diagnóstico e innovación en la sociedad del conocimiento: estudio sobre “Técnicas e instrumentos de diagnóstico” (ITD)

Este artículo presenta un estudio empírico sobre las necesidades formativas de los estudiantes de Pedagogía en la materia "Técnicas e Instrumentos de Diagnóstico". El objetivo último es informar sobre dichas necesidades cara al proceso de innovación de la asignatura que desarrolla estos contenidos en el nuevo Plan de Estudios de Pedagogía. Se indaga en las ideas previas y actitudes de los alumnos, así como sobre el manejo conceptual y práctico que pueden realizar de estos contenidos. Para ello, al principio de este curso hemos sometido a examen a 154 alumnos presenciales matriculados en la asignatura. Se sondean sus conocimientos de sí mismos en relación con el aprendizaje de este tipo de materias y se recogen opiniones y actitudes ante las mismas. Exponemos los resultados del examen sobre el uso y dominio de las técnicas de diagnóstico (TD) y sobre los instrumentos concretos del mismo (ID). Se valora tanto el nivel cognitivo en el manejo de los contenidos básicos como el nivel metacognitivo, que nos permite establecer perfiles sobre su coherencia y realismo. Por otro lado, se sondean disposiciones hacia la aceptación de un enfoque cultural del diagnóstico, actualmente en boga. Las conclusiones remiten hacia algunos cambios en las propuestas docentes, especialmente en relación con la formación práctica y la introducción de responsabilidades de enseñanza recíproca entre los alumnos.This article presents an empiric study about the Pedagogy student´s needs in the subject "Technics and Instruments of Assessment". The final target is to report about these needs for the innovation process of the subject that develops these contents in the new syllabus. We look into the student´s prior ideas and attitudes as well as into the conceptual and practical control that they can carry out on these contents. In order to get it, we have submitted to assessment to 154 students registerd this course in the subject. We analyse the way they know themselves regarding the learning process in this type of subject and we collect opinions and attitudes abou it. We expose the results on the test about the use and control of the Techniques of the Assessment (TD) and about the Instruments of this Assessment activities (ID). It values the cognitive level and the metacognitive level in the control of the basic contents which allow us to stablish profiles on their coherence and realism. On the other hand, we study the attitudes towards the acceptance of a cultural focus of the assessment activities, so much in vogue nowadays. The conclusions remit towards some changes in the university teaching procedures, especially regarding the practical learning and the introduction of the reciprocal teaching responsabilities among the students

Intervención mediante feedback auditivo para la mejora del equilibrio en mujeres que realizan actividad física

El equilibrio es un aspecto fundamental para las actividades de la vida diaria y para el deporte. El deterioro en esta capacidad puede ocasionar trastornos o lesiones por caídas. El objetivo de esta intervención es determinar la influencia de un programa de ejercicios propioceptivos con feedback externo auditivo sobre la mejora del equilibrio. Participaron ocho mujeres (M = 38 años, DE = 11.45) que realizaban ejercicio constante, dividas en dos grupos. Grupo 1 programa y feedback auditivo, grupo 2 solo programa. Se creó un equipo de feedback auditivo que fue utilizado para el grupo 1. En los resultados el Grupo 1 tuvo la mejoría significativa en equilibrio medido con los siguientes test: Functional Reach (p = .036), Get Up and Go (p = .021) y Test Dinámico en Barra (p = .044). De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, los dos grupos presentan una mejoría en el equilibrio por el programa propioceptivo, pero es el grupo 1 con feedback auditivo, el que tuvo la mayor mejoría. El programa propioceptivo unido a feedback auditivo puede mejorar significativamente el equilibrio.Balance is an essential aspect of daily living and sport appearance. The deterioration of this capacity may cause disorder or injury from falls. The objective of this intervention is to determine the influence of proprioceptive exercise program with external auditory feedback on balance improvement. It involved eight women (M = 38 years, SD = 11.45) who performed constant exercise, divided into two groups. Group 1 program and auditory feedback, group 2 single program. A team of auditory feedback that was used for group 1 was created. Results in Group 1 had a significant improvement in measured equilibrium with the following tests: Functional Reach (p = .036), Get Up and Go (p = .021) and Dynamic Bar test (p = .044). According to the results, the two groups displayed an improvement in the balance by the proprioceptive program, but it was group 1, with auditory feedback, which shown the greatest improvement. The proprioceptive program along with auditory feedback can improve balance significantly.O equilíbrio é um aspecto fundamental para as actividades da vida diária e para o desporto. A deterioração desta capacidade pode originar perturbações ou lesões devido a quedas. O objectivo desta intervenção é determinar a influência de um programa de exercícios propioceptivos com feedback auditivo externo sobre a melhoria do equilíbrio. Participaram no estudo oito mulheres (M = 38 anos, DP = 11.45) que realizavam exercício constante, divididas em dois grupos. Grupo 1 programa e feedback auditivo, Grupo 2 apenas programa. Foi criada uma equipa de feedback auditivo que foi utilizada para o Grupo 1. Os resultados indicam que o Grupo 1 apresentou uma melhoria significativa do equilíbrio medid através dos seguintes testes: Functional Reach (p = .036), Get Up and Go (p = .021) e Teste Dinâmico em Barra (p = .044). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, ambos os grupos apresentam uma melhoria no equilíbrio através do programa propioceptivo, contudo, o Grupo 1 com feedback auditivo, foi o que teve uma melhoria superior. O programa propioceptivo, juntamente com o feedback auditivo, pode melhorar significativamente o equilíbrio

Unravelling the role of triisopropylphosphane telluride in Ag(I) complexes

The coordination chemistry of chalcogenide ligands has always attracted significant interest in the field of inorganic chemistry, especially for soft metals such as those of group 11. Despite the scarcity of research on phosphane tellurides, we report on the synthesis and characterisation of five novel silver complexes containing the phosphane telluride ligand, TeP(iPr)3, along with other ancillary ligands such as mono or diphosphanes. Spectroscopic studies were performed to investigate the behaviour of these complexes, including their redox properties, as demonstrated by the 1,1′-diphenylphosphaneferrocene (dppf) silver derivatives. Additionally, these complexes showcase remarkable rapid interchange equilibrium, revealing silver species with distinctive Ag2Te2 cores and a combination of bridging and terminal TeP(iPr)3 ligands. A promising avenue for further investigation and potential applications emerges

The Game Theory in Quantum Computers: A Review

Game theory has been studied extensively in recent centuries as a set of formal mathematical strategies for optimal decision making. This discipline improved its efficiency with the arrival, in the 20th century, of digital computer science. However, the computational limitations related to exponential time type problems in digital processors, triggered the search for more efficient alternatives. One of these choices is quantum computing. Certainly, quantum processors seem to be able to solve some of these complex problems, at least in theory. For this reason, in recent times, many research works have emerged related to the field of quantum game theory. In this paper we review the main studies about the subject, including operational requirements and implementation details. In addition, we describe various quantum games, their design strategy, and the used supporting tools. We also present the still open debate linked to the interpretation of the transformations of classical algorithms in fundamental game theory to their quantum version, with special attention to the Nash equilibrium

Effects of collaborative learning on the use of coping strategies

El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar que el uso de técnicas de aprendizaje colaborativo en el aula permite a los alumnos utilizar estrategias mediante las cuales aprenden a afrontar situaciones problemáticas derivadas de las relaciones interpersonales que se producen en el espacio educativo, especialmente entre iguales. Participaron 50 niños y niñas de primer curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (edad media 12.4 años) distribuidos en dos grupos: experimental y control. En el primer grupo, se utilizó un programa basado en el aprendizaje individual asistido por un equipo; en el segundo, se utilizó una metodología de corte tradicional. Para probar las hipótesis formuladas, utilizamos un diseño de grupo de control pretest-postest con grupo de control no equivalente. Consideramos la inteligencia como covariable para mantener constantes sus efectos sobre los resultados independientemente del efecto del programa. Empleamos un análisis de varianza split-plot univariado como procedimiento estadístico. Los resultados muestran que los alumnos que siguen un programa de aprendizaje colaborativo utilizan más y mejores estrategias de afrontamiento que aquellos que no lo hacen. Los participantes de los grupos experimental y control parten de una situación de igualdad para separarse en la situación postest: el grupo experimental aumenta significativamente sus puntuaciones con respecto al grupo de control en lo que se refiere al uso de las estrategias de afrontamiento, y sus participantes tienden a compartir sus problemas con los demás en mayor medida que los miembros del grupo de control, todo ello independientemente del CI.The purpose of this work is to show that the use of collaborative learning techniques in the classroom allows students to use strategies through which they learn to cope with problematic situations derived from the interpersonal relations that take place at school, especially among peers. The participants have been 50 boys and girls, in first year of compulsory secondary education (average age, 12.4) distributed into two groups: experimental and control. In the first group Team Assisted Individualization has been used. In the second group a traditional methodology has been adopted. A pretest-posttest control group design with non-equivalent control group has been used to test the hypotheses. Intelligence has been used as covariable to keep its effect on the results constant, independently of the effects of the program. A univariate split-plot analysis has been used as statistic procedure. The results show that those students on a collaborative learning program use more and more effective coping strategies than those who are not on a collaborative program. The participants in both the experimental and the control groups set out from a situation of equality to move farther away from each other in the posttest situation: the experimental group noticeably increases scores over the control group as regards the use of coping strategies, and the participants in the experimental group tend to share their problems with their peers in a greater scale than the participants in the control group, independently of the IQ

Aprendizaje complejo: el papel del conocimiento, la inteligencia, motivación y estrategias de aprendizaje

This work presents the main theories and models formulated with the purpose of offering a global overview on the acquisition of knowledge and skills involved in the initial development of expert competence. Setting from this background, we developed an empirical work whose main purpose is to define those factors in a complex learning situation such as chapter-sized in a knowledge-rich domain. The results obtained in a sample of Master students reveal that the several variables intervening, such as the qualitative organization of knowledge, intellectual ability, motivation, the deliberate use of strategies, and a rich learning environment, contribute in an independent way to provide an explanation for the acquired knowledge.Este trabajo presenta las principales teorías y modelos formulados con el propósito de ofrecer una perspectiva global sobre los factores que influyen en la adquisición del conocimiento y las habilidades que forman parte del desarrollo inicial de la competencia experta. A partir de este contexto teórico se desarrolla un trabajo empírico cuyo principal objetivo es el de definir los factores implicados en el aprendizaje de amplia información significativa en un dominio de conocimiento. Los resultados, obtenidos en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios, ponen de manifiesto que la habilidad de organización del conocimiento, la capacidad intelectual, la motivación, el uso deliberado de estrategias y un ambiente rico de aprendizaje, contribuyen de forma independiente a la explicación del conocimiento adquirido

The role of knowledge and of general intellectual skills in the acquisition of complex learning

El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es examinar la relación existente entre la habilidad intelectual y la habilidad de organización del conocimiento dentro de un modelo más general sobre los factores explicativos de la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades. Se trata de comprobar si se produce un efecto compensatorio entre la habilidad intelectual general y la habilidad para organizar el conocimiento, así como establecer si el aprendizaje de los sujetos que obtienen un mayor conocimiento en un dominio particular viene predicho/explicado por las mismas variables que explican el aprendizaje de los sujetos que obtienen un menor conocimiento. Los resultados, en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios, indican que no se produce un efecto de interacción entre ambos factores, sino más bien un efecto aditivo. No obstante, sí se observa que el efecto de la inteligencia no es el mismo en los distintos niveles de conocimiento adquirido.The main aim of this work is to examine the relation existing between intellectual ability and the ability to organize knowledge, within the scope of a more general model on the factors explaining the acquisition of knowledge and skills. It attempts to check if a compensatory effect takes place between the general intellectual ability and the ability to organize knowledge. It also attempts to establish whether the learning in people with broader knowledge of a specific domain is determined or explained by the same variables accounting for the learning in people who get smaller knowledge. The results, in a sample of university students, reveal that no interaction takes place between both factors; rather than that, intellectual ability and the quality of the conceptual organization have an additional effect. Nevertheless, it is observed that the effect of intelligence is not the same on the different levels of acquired knowledge

Reliability of IBM’s Public Quantum Computers

One of the challenges of the current ecosystem of quantum computers (QC) is the stabilization of the coherence associated with the entanglement of the states of their inner qubits. In this empirical study, we monitor the reliability of IBM’s public-access QCs network on a daily basis. Each of these state-of-the-art machines has a totally different qubit association, and this entails that for a given (same) input program, they may output a different set of probabilities for the assembly of results (including both the right and the wrong ones). Although we focus on the computing structure provided by the “Big Blue” company, our survey can be easily transferred to other currently available quantum mainframes. In more detail, we probe these quantum processors with an ad hoc designed computationally demanding quaternary search algorithm. As stated, this quantum program is executed every 24 hours (for nearly 100 days) and its goal is to put to the limit the operational capacity of this novel and genuine type of equipment. Next, we perform a comparative analysis of the obtained results according to the singularities of each computer and over the total number of executions. In addition, we subsequently apply (for 50 days) an improvement filtering to perform noise mitigation on the results obtained proposed by IBM. The Yorktown 5-qubit computer reaches noise filtering of up to 33% in one day, that is, a 90% confidence level is reached in the expected results. From our continuous and long-term tests, we derive that room still exists regarding the improvement of quantum calculators in order to guarantee enough confidence in the returned outcomes

Imagen producto-país y crisis en el sector hortícola español: clasificación e impacto en el mercado

[EN] This research provides a conceptual framework to analyse the concept of ‘crisis’ and its multiple origins in the Spanish horticultural sector, the largest horticultural exporter in Europe. For this purpose, this study provides a typology of crises and a classification according to their nature, reasons, and temporary impact. Consequently, this research reviews and chronologically classifies the harmful campaigns that have originated several of those crises. Additionally, the impact on the perceived product-country image is analysed through an empirical research based on the results of a survey of consumers in several European countries.[ES] Esta investigación proporciona un marco conceptual para analizar el concepto “crisis” y sus orígenes en el sector hortícola español, el mayor exportador hortícola de Europa. Para este propósito, este estudio proporciona una tipología de crisis y una clasificación de acuerdo con su naturaleza, motivos e impacto temporal. En consecuencia, esta investigación revisa y clasifica cronológicamente las campañas inter-nacionales perjudiciales que han originado varias de esas crisis. Además, el impacto en la imagen percibida del producto-país se analiza a través de una investigación empírica basada en los resultados de una encuesta dirigida a consumidores finales en varios países europeos.Serrano-Arcos, MM.; Pérez-Mesa, JC.; Sánchez-Fernández, R. (2018). Product-country image and crises in the Spanish horticultural sector: Classification and impact on the market. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 18(1):111-133. doi:10.7201/earn.2018.01.05SWORD11113318