Social determinants of affiliation and cohesion in a population of feral horses

Investigating affiliative behaviors (e.g. proximity, grooming, cooperative behaviors) is essential to understand group cohesion and stability in animal societies, as they may foster, or be fostered by long-term social bonds and ultimately determine an individual’s lifetime reproductive success. Despite growing interest in affiliative behaviors across a wide range of mammalian taxa, little focus has been given to feral horse populations. In this study, we examined the influence of dyadic social factors (sex, rank difference, familiarity and genetic relatedness) on affiliative behaviors and group cohesion. We collected data on 16 feral horse groups in Northern Portugal who were subjected to both predation pressures and anthropogenic interference. A combination of all occurrence sampling methods and drone technology was used to record the horses’ social behavior and spatial data. Same-sex dyads showed a preference to remain in close proximity, however they did not groom as frequently as different-sex dyads. Similar rank individuals were observed in proximity more often than non-similar rank individuals, but only in newly formed groups. Familiar individuals spent more time in proximity and groomed more often than unfamiliar (new) dyads. However, affiliation between conspecifics was not predicted by genetic relatedness. These results suggest that social bonds and group cohesion are mostly sustained by familiar individuals in both stable and newly formed groups. While maintaining close proximity may function to sustain bonds between same-sex individuals, grooming may reinforce both intra-sexual and inter-sexual bonds. Examining the variation of affiliation patterns on horse populations may shed light on their behavioral plasticity and have crucial implications for the welfare and conservation of horse breeds

Movimento Cascavel Rosa - Na luta contra o câncer

Trabalho apresentado no 31º SEURS - Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul, realizado em Florianópolis, SC, no período de 04 a 07 de agosto de 2013 - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.A Organização Mundial da Saúde estima que, por ano, ocorram mais de 1.050.000 casos novos de câncer de mama em todo o mundo, o quê o faz o câncer mais comum entre as mulheres. No Brasil, não tem sido diferente. Informações processadas pelos Registros de Câncer de Base Populacional, disponíveis para 16 cidades brasileiras, mostram que na década de 90, este foi o câncer mais frequente no país. Visando a diminuição da incidência do câncer, em 1990 iniciou nos Estados Unidos a mobilização denominada Outubro Rosa, que alcançou o mundo, chegando aqui em Cascavel, por iniciativa de pessoas que passaram pela experiência da doença, ou tiveram algum familiar atingido por ela. A Unioeste participou com representantes nas reuniões do movimento, nas palestras nas escolas e meios de comunicação, no envolvimento de acadêmicos, docentes e funcionários utilizando vestuário na cor Rosa no mês de outubro e auxiliando na organização de uma caminhada. A participação da Unioeste neste movimento possibilitou ampliar a atuação da instituição, mobilizando não apenas acadêmicos e professores, mas também os funcionários, que colaboraram com o desenvolvimento da atividade de forma efetiva

Development and validation of Brazilian scales for measuring perception and internalization of body norms

O objetivo principal deste estudo foi adaptar, desenvolver e validar escalas brasileiras de normatização da aparência corporal para homens e mulheres. No Estudo 1 a escala SATAQ revelou uma estrutura bifatorial problemática. O Estudo 2 traz o desenvolvimento da EFIC/EMIC (Escala Feminina/Masculina de Normatização Corporal). Ambas apresentaram uma estrutura bifatorial, incluindo os fatores "internalização geral" (cargas fatoriais entre 0,85 e 0,37) e "intenção de comportamento" (cargas fatoriais entre 0,73 e 0,38). No Estudo 3 foram validadas juntas as escalas dos Estudos 1 e 2, acrescidos de análises correlacionais com dados demográficos. Observou-se relação entre ler, comentar e comprar produtos de beleza com a normatização da aparência corporal. A escala final agregou itens da SATAQ e EFIC/EMIC, mantendo os mesmos fatores da estrutura bifatorial.The current research aimed at adapting, developing and validating Brazilian scales related to body image norms for both genders. In study 1, SATAQ revealed a problematic two-factor structure. Study 2 focused on the development of Male and Female Body Image Scales. Both scales revealed a two-factor structure, comprising the factors "general internalization" (factor loadings ranging from .85 to .37) and "behavioral intention" (factor loadings ranging from .73 to .38). In study 3, combined scales from study 1 and 2 were validated. Besides that, correlational analyses with demographic data were performed. The analyses indicated a relation between reading, commenting and buying beauty products with body image norms. The final scale grouped SATAQ's and Male and Female Body Image Scales' items, keeping the same factors of the two-factor structure

In vitro evaluation of composite resin fluorescence after natural aging

Some composite resins contain luminophorous agents in order to reproduce tooth fluorescence. The objective of this study was to compare the fluorescence spectra emitted by composite resins with those of human enamel and dentin, and their emission behaviour after a 90-day natural aging period. Nine shades of the composite resins Z350XT/3M (XT), Opallis/FGM (OP) and Empress Direct/Ivoclar-Vivadent (ED) were analyzed. Five specimens (10.0 mm x 2.0mm) were fabricated for each shade. Enamel (5.0 mm x 0.30 mm) and dentin (5.0 mm x 1.0 mm) specimens were obtained from sound human third molars. Fluorescence spectra of human dentin and enamel as well as the composite specimens immediately after fabrication were measured at the excitation peaks of 375, 395 and 410 nm. To assess composite resin fluorescence intensity changes over time, measurements were conducted after 30, 60 and 90 days, at 395 nm. Differences in fluorescence intensity over time were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey?s test (p<0.05). Fluorescence spectra baseline values of composites demonstrated no differences in intensity among the excitation peaks tested, with maximum emission found at the peak of 450 nm. Enamel and dentin spectra varied with different excitations, and the greater the excitation, the longer the wavelength in comparison to composite resins. After 90 days, XT presented an increase in fluorescence intensity, while OP and ED showed a reduction when compared with baseline values. Fluorescence intensity of composite resins changed during the period analyzed, with an emission behavior different from that of human enamel and dentin. The main changes occurred in the first 30 days

Disseminating Practical and Operational Tools to Promote Monitor and Implement the Human Right to Adequate Housing

It is striking the huge gap between the dimension of adequate housing as a fundamental human right recognized by various international treaties and conventions and the real and effective incorporation of such concept in public policy developed by governments at all levels of the public administration and in the practices developed by different actors involved in housing programs and urban planning. By assuming the post of UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Adequate Housing, professor Raquel Rolnik decided to dedicate efforts in this direction, to make public and accessible to various actors of society the tools and documents already produced by the International Rapporteur. For this purpose, she placed the matter on the agenda of research and extension developed at the School of Architecture and Urbanism of this University. The sub-theme chosen for the development of activities were the removals and forced evictions resulting from projects of infrastructure and urbanization. The material produced is presented as a guide and a leaflet, with a clear and accessible language, for the technicians of the public sector, non-governmental organizations, movements struggling for housing, students and teachers who work with the theme.É notável o enorme distanciamento entre a dimensão da moradia adequada como direito fundamental do ser humano (reconhecido por diferentes tratados e convenções internacionais) e a real e efetiva incorporação de tal conceito nas políticas públicas para o setor (por governos nacionais em todos os níveis da administração pública e nas práticas dos atores envolvidos em programas habitacionais e de planejamento urbano). Ao assumir o cargo de Relatora Especial para o Direito à Moradia Adequada da ONU, a Profa. Dra. Raquel Rolnik decidiu dedicar esforços neste sentido, para tornar pública e acessível aos diversos atores da sociedade as ferramentas e documentos já produzidos pela Relatoria Internacional. Para isto, inseriu o tema na agenda de pesquisa e extensão desenvolvida na Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo (FAU) da Universidade de São Paulo. O subtema escolhido para desenvolvimento das atividades foi o das remoções e despejos forçados resultantes de projetos de infraestrutura e urbanização. Como material resultante é apresentado um guia e folheto elaborados com linguagem clara e acessível, destinado aos técnicos do setor público e a organizações não governamentais, aos movimentos de luta pela moradia, aos estudantes e professores que trabalham com o tema

General Characteristics and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Interstate Bus Drivers

Workers in the transportation industry are at greater risk of an incorrect diet and sedentary behavior. The aim of our study was to characterize a population of professional bus drivers with regard to clinical and demographic variables, lipid profile, and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. Data from 659 interstate bus drivers collected retrospectively, including anthropometric characteristics, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, meatoscopy, and audiometry. All participants were male, with a mean age of 41.7 ± 6.9 years, weight of 81.4 ± 3.3 kg, and BMI 27.2 ± 3.3 Kg/m2; the mean abdominal and neck circumferences were 94.4 ± 8.6 cm and 38.9 ± 2.2  cm; 38.2% of the sample was considered hypertensive; mean HDL cholesterol was 47.9 ± 9.5 mg/dL, mean triglyceride level was 146.3 ± 87.9 mg/dL, and fasting glucose was above 100 mg/dL in 249 subjects (39.1%). Drivers exhibited reduced audiometric hearing at 4–8 kHz, being all sensorineural hearing loss. The clinical characterization of a young male population of interstate bus drivers revealed a high frequency of cardiovascular risk factors, as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia, as well as contributing functional characteristics, such as a low-intensity activity, sedentary behavior, long duration in a sitting position, and high-calorie diet, which lead to excessive weight gain and associated comorbidities

ADIPOQ and IL6 variants are associated with a pro-inflammatory status in obeses with cardiometabolic dysfunction

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Polymorphisms in genes encoding adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and interleukin-6 (IL6) have been associated with adiposity and obese-related phenotypes. This study investigated the relationship of ADIPOQ and IL6 gene polymorphisms with pro-inflammatory and cardiometabolic markers in obese patients.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud Anthropometric and body composition parameters were measured in 249 Brazilian subjects (30 to 68 yr). Metabolic and inflammatory markers and adipokines were analyzed in blood samples. ADIPOQ rs2241766 (45 T > G) and IL6 rs1800795 (−174G > C) polymorphisms were analyzed by real-time PCR and PCR-RFLP, respectively.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and increased values of waist circumference, body fat, leptin, fibrinogen, IL-1β, hsCRP and TNFα were related to obesity (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between BMI and waist circumference, body fat, leptin, fibrinogen, PAI-1, IL-1β, hsCRP and TNFα values (p < 0.001) but not with adiponectin. Obese group had altered metabolic status, resistance to leptin and insulin, and atherogenic and pro-inflammatory profiles. ADIPOQ and IL6 variants were not directely related to obesity, leptin resistance or alterations in cardiometabolic markers. Individuals carrying ADIPOQ 45G allele (TG + GG genotype) had higher IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα levels than TT genotype carriers (p < 0.05). IL6 -174GG genotype was associated with increased IL-1β levels (p = 0.033).\ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud Obesity is associated with leptin resistance, cardiometabolic alterations and a pro-inflammatory status. Our results are suggestive that ADIPOQ and IL6 polymorphisms contribute to cardiometabolic risk in obese individuals.FAPESPCAPESCNPqCONICY

BIOCARVÃO COMO ATENUANTE DA FITOTOXICIDADE DE HERBICIDAS EM MUDAS PRÉ-BROTADAS DE CANA-DEAÇÚCAR

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of biochar on the sensitivity of presprouted seedlings (MPB) of sugarcane to the clomazone, imazapic and indaziflam appliedin pre-planting alone or in combination. Two varieties of sugarcane (RB 975952 and RB985476) were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4replications, using a 9 x 2 factorial scheme, with nine treatments (imazapic 52.5 and 200 gia ha-1, clomazone 1000 g ia ha-1, indaziflam 100 g i.a. ha-1, associations of imazapic +clomazone (52.5 + 600; 52.5 + 1000; 200 + 600 and 200 + 1000 g ia ha-1 and control) andthe presence or absence of biochar in the planting furrow pre-sprouted. The variety RB985476 showed sensitivity to the herbicides clomazone and imazapic in pre-planting. Thetoxicity caused by the herbicides imazapic + clomazone decreased due to the effect ofbiochar. Regarding the RB 975952 variety, sensitivity to clomazone alone and in themixture with imazapic was verified, being the biochar effective in reducing phytotoxicity.Indaziflan was selective for the two varieties of MPB’s. The biochar acted more effectivelyfor the clomazone alone or in a mixture with imazapic, being ineffective for the herbicideimazapic alone.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do biocarvão na sensibilidade de mudas pré-brotadas (MPB) ao clomazone, imazapic e indaziflam aplicados em pré-plantioisoladamente ou em associação. Foram avaliadas duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB975952 e RB 985476). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 4repetições, em esquema fatorial 9 x 2, sendo nove tratamentos (imazapic 52,5 e 200 g i.a. ha-1, clomazone 1000 g i.a. ha-1, indaziflam 100 g i.a. ha-1 e associações de imazapic +clomazone (52,5 + 600; 52,5 + 1000; 200 + 600 e 200 + 1000 g i.a. ha-1 e testemunha) e apresença ou ausência do biocarvão no sulco de plantio. A RB 985476 apresentousensibilidade aos herbicidas clomazone e imazapic. A toxicidade provocada pelosherbicidas imazapic + clomazone diminiu pelo efeito do biocarvão. Para o imazapic nãohouve efeito do biocarvão na redução da fitotoxicidade. Em relação a RB 975952 foiverificada sensibilidade ao clomazone + imazapic e clomazone isolado, sendo o biocarvãoeficaz na redução da fitotoxicidade. O indaziflam foi seletivo para as duas variedades. Podese concluir que o biocarvão atuou de forma efetiva para clomazone isolado ou emassociação com o imazapic, sendo pouco efetivo para o herbicida imazapic isolado

CALIDAD EN HOSPITAL ACREDITADO DESDE LA PERCEPCIÓN DE LOS PROFESIONALES DE ENFERMERÍA

Objetivo: identificar la percepción de los profesionales de enfermería sobre la calidad delservicio en un hospital acreditado.Método: estudio transversal, cuantitativo, realizado entre abril y julio de 2018 en un hospitalterciario acreditado. Se llevó a cabo con 223 profesionales de enfermería con la utilización deun instrumento con datos sociodemográficos y ocupacionales y mediante la adaptación de laescala de rendimiento de servicio Service Performance. El análisis de datos se realizó con laprueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson.Resultados: Se reconoció la calidad de la institución, que se consideró “buena” en todos losaspectos, lo que converge hacia los resultados esperados del proceso de Acreditación. Losítems de la SERVPERF se relacionaron con cada ítem de caracterización sociodemográfica yocupacional y las variables que presentaron mayor diferencia estadística significativa fueron eltiempo de actuación en la institución, la edad y el sexo, respectivamente.Conclusión: La implicancia de los profesionales de enfermería se refleja en la prestación de losservicios asistenciales de calidad, y sus características sociodemográficas y/u ocupacionalesinfluyen sobre sus percepciones sobre de la calidad de la institución.Objective: to identify the perception of nursing professionals about the quality of service inan accredited hospital.Method: cross-sectional, quantitative study, conducted from April to July 2018 in an accreditedtertiary hospital. It was developed with 223 nursing professionals using an instrument withsocio-demographic and occupational data and using the adapted Service Performance scaleand analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test.Results: the quality of the institution was perceived as good in all aspects analyzed, whichconverges to the expected results of the Accreditation process. The SERVPERF items wererelated to each item of sociodemographic and occupational characterization, and the variableswith the greatest statistically significant difference were length of experience at the institution,age and gender, respectively.Conclusion: The involvement of nursing professionals reflects in the provision of qualitycare services, and their sociodemographic and occupational characteristics influence theperception of the institution’s quality.Objetivo: identificar a percepção de profissionais de enfermagem sobre a qualidade do serviço emum hospital acreditado.Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado de abril a julho de 2018 em hospital terciárioacreditado. Foi desenvolvido com 223 profissionais de enfermagem mediante aplicação de uminstrumento com dados sociodemográficos e ocupacionais, e pela escala Service Performanceadaptada, e analisados por meio do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson.Resultados: a qualidade da instituição foi percebida como boa em todos os aspectos analisados,o que converge para os resultados esperados do processo da Acreditação. Os itens da SERVPERFforam relacionados com cada item de caracterização sociodemográfica e ocupacional, e as variáveiscom maior diferença estatisticamente significativa foram tempo de atuação na instituição, idade esexo, respectivamente.Conclusão: O envolvimento dos profissionais de enfermagem reflete na prestação dos serviçosassistenciais com qualidade, e suas características sociodemográficas e ocupacionais influenciamna percepção da qualidade da instituição