Igneous garnet and amphibole fractionation in the roots of island arcs: experimental constraints on andesitic liquids

To evaluate the role of garnet and amphibole fractionation at conditions relevant for the crystallization of magmas in the roots of island arcs, a series of experiments were performed on a synthetic andesite at conditions ranging from 0.8 to 1.2GPa, 800-1,000°C and variable H2O contents. At water undersaturated conditions and fO2 established around QFM, garnet has a wide stability field. At 1.2 GPa garnet+amphibole are the high-temperature liquidus phases followed by plagioclase at lower temperature. Clinopyroxene reaches its maximal stability at H2O-contents ≤9wt% at 950°C and is replaced by amphibole at lower temperature. The slopes of the plagioclase-in boundaries are moderately negative in $${\text{T{\text{-}}X}}_{{{\text{H}}_{2} {\text{O}}}}$$ space. At 0.8GPa, garnet is stable at magmatic H2O contents exceeding 8wt% and is replaced by spinel at decreasing dissolved H2O. The liquids formed by crystallization evolve through continuous silica increase from andesite to dacite and rhyolite for the 1.2GPa series, but show substantial enrichment in FeO/MgO for the 0.8GPa series related to the contrasting roles of garnet and amphibole in fractionating Fe-Mg in derivative liquids. Our experiments indicate that the stability of igneous garnet increases with increasing dissolved H2O in silicate liquids and is thus likely to affect trace element compositions of H2O-rich derivative arc volcanic rocks by fractionation. Garnet-controlled trace element ratios cannot be used as a proxy for ‘slab melting', or dehydration melting in the deep arc. Garnet fractionation, either in the deep crust via formation of garnet gabbros, or in the upper mantle via formation of garnet pyroxenites remains an important alternative, despite the rare occurrence of magmatic garnet in volcanic rock

Mechanisms of the sperm guidance, an essential aid for meeting the oocyte

In mammals, ejaculated spermatozoa must migrate into the female reproductive tract in order to reach and fertilize the oocyte (Figure 1). The number of spermatozoa that reach the oviductal isthmus (where they attach to oviductal cells and form the sperm reservoir) is small (1,2) and only ~10% of these spermatozoa in humans become capacitated (3) and acquire a state of readiness for fertilizing the oocyte. In addition, the sperm cells have a torturous and long way between the reservoir and the oocyte at the fertilization site (3–5 cm in humans) (2). These facts, together with the tiny dimensions of the gametes in comparison to the tube length make improbable the sperm arrival to the fertilization site and make evident the need for sperm guidance (4). Different guidance mechanisms appear essential for successful sperm arrival to the fertilization site: the short range mechanism such as chemotaxis (swimming up a chemoattractant gradient) (5) and the long range mechanisms such as rheotaxis (swimming against a fluid flow) and thermotaxis (the temperature-oriented cell motility).Fil: Lottero Leconte, Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Carlos Agustín Isidro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Castellano, Luciana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Perez Martinez, Silvina Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentin

A new set of ESTs and cDNA clones from full-length and normalized libraries for gene discovery and functional characterization in citrus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Interpretation of ever-increasing raw sequence information generated by modern genome sequencing technologies faces multiple challenges, such as gene function analysis and genome annotation. Indeed, nearly 40% of genes in plants encode proteins of unknown function. Functional characterization of these genes is one of the main challenges in modern biology. In this regard, the availability of full-length cDNA clones may fill in the gap created between sequence information and biological knowledge. Full-length cDNA clones facilitate functional analysis of the corresponding genes enabling manipulation of their expression in heterologous systems and the generation of a variety of tagged versions of the native protein. In addition, the development of full-length cDNA sequences has the power to improve the quality of genome annotation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We developed an integrated method to generate a new normalized EST collection enriched in full-length and rare transcripts of different citrus species from multiple tissues and developmental stages. We constructed a total of 15 cDNA libraries, from which we isolated 10,898 high-quality ESTs representing 6142 different genes. Percentages of redundancy and proportion of full-length clones range from 8 to 33, and 67 to 85, respectively, indicating good efficiency of the approach employed. The new EST collection adds 2113 new citrus ESTs, representing 1831 unigenes, to the collection of citrus genes available in the public databases. To facilitate functional analysis, cDNAs were introduced in a Gateway-based cloning vector for high-throughput functional analysis of genes <it>in planta</it>. Herein, we describe the technical methods used in the library construction, sequence analysis of clones and the overexpression of <it>CitrSEP</it>, a citrus homolog to the Arabidopsis <it>SEP3 </it>gene, in Arabidopsis as an example of a practical application of the engineered Gateway vector for functional analysis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The new EST collection denotes an important step towards the identification of all genes in the citrus genome. Furthermore, public availability of the cDNA clones generated in this study, and not only their sequence, enables testing of the biological function of the genes represented in the collection. Expression of the citrus <it>SEP3 </it>homologue, <it>CitrSEP</it>, in Arabidopsis results in early flowering, along with other phenotypes resembling the over-expression of the Arabidopsis <it>SEPALLATA </it>genes. Our findings suggest that the members of the <it>SEP </it>gene family play similar roles in these quite distant plant species.</p

Prevention pressure ulcers

Las ulceras por presión son lesiones de la piel producidas por fuerzas de presión, cizalla o rozamiento, generalmente en los lugares anatómicos donde las prominencias oseas se encuentran más expuestas. En función desu extension, grosor y caracteristicas del lecho se clasifican en estadio I, II, III o IV. Las principales maneras para evitar las UPP es evitar los principales factores de riesgo que las causan, como la presión, humedad, mal estado nutricional, deshidratación,… y mediante la educación.Pressure ulcers are skin lesions caused by forces of pressure, shear or friction, usually in anatomical places where bone prominences are more exposed. Depending on the extension, thickness and characteristics of the bed, they are classified as stage I, II, III or IV. The main ways to avoid UPPs is to avoid the main risk factors that cause them, such as pressure, humidity, poor nutritional status, dehydration,... and through education

Efectos de las variables de proceso en la microencapsulación del aceite de ajonjolí (Sesamum indica L.) mediante secado por aspersión

Artículo científico en revista indizada en SCOPUS, JCR, CONACyTThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the process variables of microencapsulation sesame oil (SO) by spray drying to generate the desired powder quality with the highest efficiency encapsulation and maximum linoleic acid content microencapsulated using a full factorial design of experiments. Thirty two tests were made, and five replicates were conducted on the central points. Independent variables were volumetric dispersed phase (O/W) (0.05, 0.10 and 0.15), wall material to core ratios (Wa:Co) (1:1, 2:1 and 3:1) and drying air inlet temperature (Ti) (120, 140 and160 °C). Surface oil (SOM%), encapsulation efficiency (EE%), linoleic acid content (LAC%), and moisture content (MC%) were analyzed as responses. Under maximum process conditions Wa:Co=2.59:1, O/W=0.05 and Ti=154.04 °C, the response variables including, EE and LAC were predicted as 88.20% and 50.02% respectively. It was concluded that these microcapsules containing high content of linoleic acid can be used as functional food.CONACy

Moisture sorption properties and storage stability conditions of a nutraceutical system microencapsulated by spray drying

The adsorption isotherms of a nutraceutical system microencapsulated by spray drying were determined at 20, 35 and 40 °C. Experimental data of the isotherms were fitted using the GAB and Caurie models and the integral thermodynamic functions (enthalpy and entropy) were estimated by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The Kelvin and Halsey equations were adequate for calculation of pore radius which varied from 0.67 to 8.15 nm. The point of maximum stability (minimum integral entropy) was found between 3.61 and 3.81 kg H2O/100 kg d.s. (corresponding to water activity, aW, of 0.19-0.37). Enthalpy-entropy compensation for the microcapsules showed two isokinetic temperatures. The first isokinetic temperature was observed at low moisture contents (< 3.81 kg H2O/100 kg d.s.) and was controlled by changes in the entropy of water, whereas the second isokinetic temperature was considered to be enthalpy-driven (3.81-20 kg H2O/100 kg d.s.). Keywords: sorption isotherms, pore radius, minimum integral entropy, enthalphy-entropy compensation, water activity

Cardiovascular disease in women: Do we need new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies?

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide affecting both genders equally. However, in comparison to men, in women it often is underrecognized and undertreated in both the primary and secondary prevention settings. It is clear, that in the healthy population, there are profound differences both anatomically and biochemically between woman and men and this may impact how both groups present when they become ill. Therefore, there are some diseases that affect more frequently in women than in men such us myocardial ischemia or infarction without obstructive coronary disease, Tako-subo syndrome, some atrial arrhythmias or the appearance of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Therefore, the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that have been established based largely on clinical studies with a predominant male population must be adapted before being applied to women. There is a paucity of data regarding cardiovascular disease in women. It is inadequate to only perform a subgroup analysis evaluating a specific treatment or invasive technique, when women constitute fifty percent of the population. In this regard, this may affect the time of clinical diagnosis and severity assessments of some valvulopathies. In this review, we will focus on the differences in the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of woman with the most frequent cardiovascular pathologies including coronary artery disease, arrythmias, heart failure and valvopathies. In addition, we will describe diseases that exclusively affect to women related with the pregnancy some of them are life treating. Although the lack of research in women plays a role in the poorer outcomes in women specially in ischemic heart disease the results of some techniques such as transcathether aortic valve implantation and transcatheter edge to edge therapy seem to have better outcome in women

MRP4-mediated cAMP efflux is essential for mouse spermatozoa capacitation

Mammalian spermatozoa must undergo biochemical and structural changes to acquire the capacity for fertilization, in a process known as capacitation. Activation of PKA enzymes is essential for capacitation, and thus cAMP levels are tightly regulated during this process. Previously, we demonstrated that during capacitation, bovine spermatozoa extrude cAMP through multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4, also known as ABCC4), which regulates intracellular levels of the nucleotide and provides cAMP to the extracellular space. Here, we report the presence of functional MRP4 in murine spermatozoa, since its pharmacological inhibition with MK571 decreased levels of extracellular cAMP. This also produced a sudden increase in PKA activity, with decreased tyrosine phosphorylation at the end of capacitation. Blockade of MRP4 inhibited induction of acrosome reaction, hyperactivation and in vitro fertilization. Moreover, MRP4 inhibition generated an increase in Ca2+ levels mediated by PKA, and depletion of Ca2+ salts from the medium prevented the loss of motility and phosphotyrosine inhibition produced by MK571. These results were supported using spermatozoa from CatSper Ca2+ channel knockout mice. Taken together, these results suggest that cAMP efflux via MRP4 plays an essential role in mouse sperm capacitation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.Fil: Alonso, Carlos Agustín Isidro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Lottero Leconte, Raquel María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Luque, Guillermina Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Vernaz, Z. J. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Di Siervi, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas; ArgentinaFil: Gervasi, Maria Gracia. University of Massachussets; Estados UnidosFil: Buffone, Mariano Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Davio, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas; ArgentinaFil: Perez Martinez, Silvina Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentin

Cyclic AMP efflux through MRP4 regulates actin dynamics signalling pathway and sperm motility in bovines

Previously we demonstrated that multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 transporter (MRP4) mediates cAMP efflux in bovine spermatozoa and that extracellular cAMP (ecAMP) triggers events associated to capacitation. Here, we deepen the study of the role of MRP4 in bovine sperm function by using MK571, an MRP4 inhibitor. The incubation of spermatozoa with MK571 during 45 min inhibited capacitation-associated events. MRP4 was localized in post-acrosomal region and mid-piece at 15 min capacitation, while at 45 min it was mainly located in the acrosome. After 15 min, MK571 decreased total sperm motility (TM), progressive motility (PM) and several kinematic parameters. The addition of ecAMP rescued MK571 effect and ecAMP alone increased the percentage of motile sperm and kinematics parameters. Since actin cytoskeleton plays essential roles in the regulation of sperm motility, we investigated if MRP4 activity might affect actin polymerization. After 15 min capacitation, an increase in F-actin was observed, which was inhibited by MK571. This effect was reverted by the addition of ecAMP. Furthermore, ecAMP alone increased F-actin levels while no F-actin was detected with ecAMP in the presence of PKA inhibitors. Our results support the importance of cAMP efflux through MRP4 in sperm capacitation and suggest its involvement in the regulation of actin polymerization and motility.Fil: Chiarante, Nicolás Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Carlos A. I.. McGill University; CanadáFil: Plaza, Jessica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Lottero Leconte, Raquel María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Arroyo Salvo, Camila Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Yaneff, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas; ArgentinaFil: Osycka Salut, Claudia Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Davio, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas; ArgentinaFil: Miragaya, Marcelo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Perez Martinez, Silvina Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentin

Tasa de cesáreas y adecuación de las indicaciones desde 2012 a 2016

Objetivo: Conocer la adecuación de las indicaciones de las cesáreas en el Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF) según el Proyecto Multicéntrico de adecuación a estándares clínicos de las cesáreas urgentes y programadas en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Método: se analizan las cesáreas realizadas desde la inclusión de nuestro centro en el Proyecto Multicéntrico (año 2012 al 2016). Estudiamos la evolución en el número de partos, de cesáreas, porcentaje de sus indicaciones urgentes y programadas; así como el porcentaje de adecuación en cada indicación y la consecución de los estándares (90 % de adecuación en cesáreas urgentes y 100 % en electivas) Conclusiones: A lo largo del período estudiado destaca la disminución de las cesáreas electivas por presentación podálica debido a la realización de versión cefálica externa desde 2012 y la progresiva mejor adecuación de las indicaciones en las cesáreas urgentes. Como propuesta de mejora de cara al futuro se promoverá el intento de parto vaginal en más mujeres con una cesárea anterior, así como valorarlo en gestaciones gemelares con el primer feto en presentación cefálica.Obxectivo: Coñecer a adecuación das indicacións das cesáreas no Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF) segundo o Proxecto Multicéntrico de adecuación a estándares clínicos das cesáreas urxentes e programadas no Sistema Nacional de Saúde. Método: analízanse as cesáreas realizadas desde a inclusión do noso centro no Proxecto Multicéntrico (ano 2012 ao 2016). Estudamos a evolución no número de partos, de cesáreas, porcentaxe das súas indicacións urxentes e programadas; así como a porcentaxe de adecuación en cada indicación e a consecución dos estándares (90 % de adecuación en cesáreas urxentes e 100 % en electivas) Conclusións: Ao longo do período estudado destaca a diminución das cesáreas electivas por presentación podálica debido á realización de versión cefálica externa desde 2012 e a progresiva mellor adecuación das indicacións nas cesáreas urxentes. Como proposta de mellora de fronte ao futuro promoverase o intento de parto vaxinal en máis mulleres cunha cesárea anterior, así como valoralo en xestacións xemelgares co primeiro feto en presentación cefálica.Comunicación - póster presentada en la 34 Edición Nacional Formación S.E.G.O. celebrada en Oviedo del 12 al 16 de junio de 201