Observations of stratospheric temperature changes coincident with the recent Antarctic ozone depletions

A high degree of correlation between the recent decline in Antarctic total ozone and cooling of the stratosphere during Austral spring has been noted in several recent studies (e.g., Sekiguchi, 1986; Angel, 1986). This study analyzes the observed temperature trends in detail, focusing on the spatial and temporal aspects of the observed cooling. Ozone losses and stratospheric cooling can be correlated for several reasons: (1) ozone losses (from an unspecified cause) will directly reduce temperatures due to decreased solar ultraviolet absorption (Shine, 1986), and/or (2) changes in both ozone and temperature structure due to modification of stratospheric circulation patterns (Mahlman and Fels, 1986). In order to scrutinize various ozone depletion scenarios, detailed information on the observed temperature changes is necessary; the goal is to provide such data. The data used are National Meteorological Center (NMC) Climate Analysis Center (CAC) derived temperatures, covering 1000 to 1 mb (0 to 48 km), for the period 1979 to 1987. Discussions on data origin and quality (assessed by extensive comparisons with radiosonde observations), along with other details of these observations, can be found in Newman and Randel (1988)

Structure and energetics of medium-scale atmospheric waves in the Southern Hemisphere summer

Medium-scale waves (zonal wavenumbers 4-7) frequently dominate Southern Hemisphere summer midlatitude circulation patterns. This work is an observational study that focuses on characterizing their temporal and spatial characteristics, along with detailing the forcing mechanism(s) responsible for their formation;The medium-scale waves are observed to exhibit remarkably regular eastward phase progression, and wave maxima can often be traced continously around the globe. Frequent downstream development of existing wave patterns is observed. The medium-scale waves at times appear to be longitudinally localized features; at other times, they resemble truly global-scale modes. The time-mean wave structure is shown to be consistent with basic-state wave propagation characteristics and the conservation of wave activity;The energetics of the medium-scale waves are studied using the Transformed Eulerian Mean formalism of Plumb (1983). It is found that wave-zonal-mean exchange is a valid concept for describing the Southern Hemisphere summer atmospheric circulation, and that the flow vacillates between periods of highly perturbed and zonally symmetric states. The medium-scale waves result from nonlinear baroclinic instabilities, and exhibit a well-defined life cycle of baroclinic growth, maturity, and barotropic decay. These results are in excellent agreement with modeled global scale baroclinic waves;In addition to the transient waves, quasi-stationary medium-scale waves are also occasionally observed. The characteristics of these low-frequency features are discussed in terms of the dispersion of a localized stationary Rossby wave packet. Clear instances of stationary-transient medium-scale wave interference are observed and studied;It is argued that the zonal symmetry of the Southern Hemisphere summer atmosphere is responsible for many of the observed medium-scale wave characteristics

Kenneth Roberts: The Man and His Works

Review of Kenneth Roberts: The Man and His Works by Jack Bale

Hope College Mellon Scholars

The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Scholars Program in the Arts and Humanities at Hope College engages students in original research that combines traditional scholarly methods, creative production, and new technologies. Through collaborative research, experiential education, and the digital liberal arts, students produce innovative projects that cross disciplinary boundaries, share their work with scholars in their fields and with wider audiences, and prepare for a variety of career paths

Anatomical and phenological Variation of Liquidambar Styraciflua L. Under Controlled Environmental Conditions

A large degree of variation in fiber tracheid length, vood specific gravity, and time of apical bud formation existed vithin two populations of Liquidambar styraciflua L. from south central Kentucky. The variation exhibited by these populations may be attributed to the self-sterility of Liquidaribar and the variable environment of south central Kentucky. Variation of fiber tracheid length and wood specific gravity within the two populations was significant. Fiber tracheid length was dependent on temperature and photoperiod while wood specific gravity was primarily dependent on temperature. A significant level of variation was also evident between the two populations regarding tracheid length. Phenologically the populations showed a very large amount of variation in the total number of hours darkness required for bud formation. A pattern of decreasing photoperiods resulting in a decrease in the total number of hours darkness required for bud formation is also suggested. Limited studies revealed a period of cold temperature is required for bud bursting

Global Variations of HDO and HDO/H2O Ratios in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Derived from ACE-FTS Satellite Measurements

High-quality satellite observations of water and deuterated water in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS) are used to map global climatological behavior. Spatial and temporal variability in these data suggest that convection plays a significant role in setting water vapor isotopic composition in these regions. In many instances, enhancements in HDO/H2O (i.e., δD) are closely tied to patterns of climatological deep convection and uncorrelated with water vapor, although convection appears to have different isotopic effects in different locations. The ACE-FTS data reveal seasonal variations in the tropics and allow mapping of climatological regional structure. These data reveal strong regional isotopic enhancement associated with the North American summer monsoon but not the Asian monsoon or the western Pacific warm pool. We suggest that the isotopic effects of deep convection near the tropopause are moderated by the ambient relative humidity, which controls the amount of convective ice that evaporates. Local convective signals can in turn affect global behavior: the North America monsoon influence introduces a Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere asymmetry in water isotopic composition in the lower stratosphere that extends into the tropics and influences the apparent seasonal cycle in averaged tropical UTLS data. Seasonal variation in tropical lower stratospheric water isotopic composition extends up to ∼20 km in ACE retrievals, but in contrast to previous reports, there is no clear evidence of propagation beyond the lowermost stratosphere. The reliability of these observations is supported by the broad consistency of ACE-FTS averaged tropical profiles with previous remote and in situ δD measurements. © 2012 by the American Geophysical Union

Flamingo Vol. IX N 6

McDonald, George. Cover. Picture. 0 Ohio State Sun Dial. Untitled. Prose. 1. Arizona Kittykat. Untitled. Prose. 1. Sour Owl. Untitled. Prose. 3. Dartmouth Jack O\u27Lantern. Untitled. Prose. 2. Brown Jug. Untitled. Prose. 3. Illinois Siren. Untitled. Prose. 3. Kitty-Kat. Untitled. Prose. 3. Ohio State Sun Dial. Untitled. Prose. 4. Wabash Caveman. Untitled. Prose. 4. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 4. McDonald, George. Untitled. Picture. 8. Anonymous. Flamingo Gripes and Groans . Prose. 9. Smrcina, Orville. Untitled. Picture. 10. Anonymous. A Little Vow For Leap Year . Prose. 10. Kline, I.D. Gwendolyn Strikes Out, or, Set \u27Em Up In The Other Alley . Prose. 10. Smrcina, Orville. Untitled. Picture. 11. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 11. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 12. Anonymous. Literal Young lady . Prose. 12. Anonymous. Four-Legged Cops . Prose. 12. Anonymous. Our Leap year Poem . Prose. 13. Anonymous. The Co-Ed Thorn . Prose. 13. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 13. McDonald, George. Untitled. Picture. 13. Anonymous. A Bird in the Hand is Worth About Ten on the Newsstand . Prose. 15. Anonymous. I Kidnapped And Murdered Her So I Could Go To College. Prose. 18. Smith, Reed. A Photo For The Visual Minded . Picture. 16. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 16. Anonymous. More Photos For The Visual-Minded . Prose. 16. Anonymous. Co-Eds Obtain long-Sought Privilege: A Clever Plot Unfolded . Prose. 16. Anonymous. Candy . Prose. 16. Anonymous. Introducing-Miss 1928 . Prose. 17. Jester. Untitled Prose. 18. Lord Jeff. Untitled Prose. 18. Whirlwind. Untitled Prose. 18. Sniper. Untitled Prose. 18. Purple Parrot. Untitled Prose. 18. Minnesota Ski-U-Mah. Untitled. Prose. 18. Siren. Untitled. Prose. 18. Mink. Untitled. Prose. 18. Gargoyle. Untitled. Prose. 18. Center Colonel. Untitled. Prose. 18. Sun Dial. Untitled. Prose. 18. Anonymous. It\u27s A-Rainin\u27 Tonight . Prose. 19. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 19. Anonymous. The Passionate Plumber, or, Is It Cold Enough Out to Wear a Cane? . Prose. 19. McDonald, George. Untitled. Picture. 19. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 20. Bibby, Eugenia. The Separation of Hans and Feet Part III . Prose. 20. Smrcina, Orville. Untitled. Picture. 20. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 21. Anonymous. Le Quarantine Ballade . Poem. 20. Anonymous. L\u27envoi . Poem. 20. Anonymous. Book Nook . Prose. 22. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 23. Anonymous. Age Wisdom . Prose. 23. Brown Jug. Wrecked Romance . Prose. 24. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 24. Satyr. Untitled Prose. 24. Lord Jeff. Untitled Prose. 25. Mink. Have You Heard This One? Prose. 27. California Pelican. Subject to Change . Prose. 28. Yale Record. Logical . Prose. 28. Minnesota. Untitled. Prose. 28. Western Reserve Red Cat. Wotta Sight! . Prose. 29. Texas Ranger. Untitled. Prose. 29. Sniper. Untitled. Prose. 29. Anonymous. Mon Dieu . Poem. 31. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 31. College Humor. Untitled. Prose. 31. Kitty-Kat. Untitled. Prose. 32. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 32. The Old Maid. Untitled. Poem. 32

Food, Nutrition, and Natural Resource Sciences in the FY 2011 Budget. Chapter 27, American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science Report XXXV

Food, agricultural, nutrition, and natural resource sciences are poised to make major contributions to improve human health and protect our environment. With the launch of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIF A) in 2009, Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said the opportunity to truly transform a field of science happens at best once a generation. With the release of a report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization stating that food production will need to nearly double by 2050 to meet the demands of a world population totaling more than nine billion, this announcement is timely. The current administration has identified five societal challenge areas for emphasis including ending world hunger, improving nutrition and reducing child obesity, ensuring food safety for all Americans, securing America\u27s energy future through renewable biofuels, and mitigating and adapting agriculture to climate change