Development of Complex Mathematical Model of Light Naphtha Isomerization and Rectification Processes

The technique of developing a mathematical model of catalytic isomerization of light naphtha is stated Using experimental data from an industrial isomerization unit shows adequacy of the mathematical model to the real process. The paper presents a method for optimizing the operation of the plant together with catalytic isomerization unit and separation columns. Selection of optimal modes of separation columns allows achieving the desired flow separation between units, as well as extension of the life of the catalyst SI-2

The UKC2 regional coupled environmental prediction system

It is hypothesized that more accurate prediction and warning of natural hazards, such as of the impacts of severe weather mediated through various components of the environment, require a more integrated Earth System approach to forecasting. This hypothesis can be explored using regional coupled prediction systems, in which the known interactions and feedbacks between different physical and biogeochemical components of the environment across sky, sea and land can be simulated. Such systems are becoming increasingly common research tools. This paper describes the development of the UKC2 regional coupled research system, which has been delivered under the UK Environmental Prediction Prototype project. This provides the first implementation of an atmosphere–land–ocean–wave modelling system focussed on the United Kingdom and surrounding seas at km-scale resolution. The UKC2 coupled system incorporates models of the atmosphere (Met Office Unified Model), land surface with river routing (JULES), shelf-sea ocean (NEMO) and ocean waves (WAVEWATCH III). These components are coupled, via OASIS3-MCT libraries, at unprecedentedly high resolution across the UK within a north-western European regional domain. A research framework has been established to explore the representation of feedback processes in coupled and uncoupled modes, providing a new research tool for UK environmental science. This paper documents the technical design and implementation of UKC2, along with the associated evaluation framework. An analysis of new results comparing the output of the coupled UKC2 system with relevant forced control simulations for six contrasting case studies of 5-day duration is presented. Results demonstrate that performance can be achieved with the UKC2 system that is at least comparable to its component control simulations. For some cases, improvements in air temperature, sea surface temperature, wind speed, significant wave height and mean wave period highlight the potential benefits of coupling between environmental model components. Results also illustrate that the coupling itself is not sufficient to address all known model issues. Priorities for future development of the UK Environmental Prediction framework and component systems are discussed

Abstracts from the NIHR INVOLVE Conference 2017

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901-98 Are Indirect Markers an Accurate Measure of Free Radical Activity Following Primary Angioplasty Reperfusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction?

Oxygen-derived free radicals (FR) have been found to be important mediators of myocardial reperfusion injury in animal studies. In man, most studies of FR measurement after reperfusion have relied on indirect markers alone. However, their accuracy and relationship to FR's has been controversial. We have therefore used primary PTCA for AMI as a model of acute reperfusion to compare directFR measurement using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and the spin trap agent α-phenyl N-tert butyl nitrone, with two of the most commonly used indirectmarkers. These were: [1] the percentage molar ratio (PMR) of the diene conjugate 9,11-octa-decadieneoic acid to the naturally-occurring isomer 9,12-linoleic acid, and [2] serum malonaldehyde (MDA).16 patients (mean age: 56.9 yrs, range 47–66). undergoing successful primary PTCA (8 LAD, 1 Intermed, 1 LCx, 6 RCA) of less than 6 h duration (mean 3.55h, range 2.25–5.0). had venous sampling from the base of the right atrium/coronary sinus before angioplasty (TIMI 0) and at timed intervals up to 24h after recanalisation (TIMI 3).Direct FR measurement using EPR showed a biphasic time-course. Relative to the pre-PTCA level, FR's increased sharply after 15min (P < 0.05) with peak levels at 1½ and 3½h (P<0.001). Following a decline to 6h a late peak was observed at 24 h which may originate from accumulating my ocardial leukocyte infiltration. Indirect FR measurement using PMR showed a significant increase between 15min and 1½h (P<0.01) only. MDA levels remained unchanged throughout the study.These results demonstrate that compared to direct FR measurement using EPR, indirect markers used in this study have limited or no usefulness in assessing FR generation in AMI. Myocardial reperfusion studies in man should ideally use direct methods