New Results on Edge Rotation Distance Graphs

The concept of edge rotations and distance between graphs was introduced by Gary Chartrand et al. [3]. A graph G can be transformed into a graph H by an edge rotation if G contains distinct vertices u,v and w such that uv 2 E(G), uw =2 E(G) and H =G􀀀uv +uw. In this case, G is transformed into H by “rotating†the edge uv of G into uw. Let S = G1, G2,...,Gk be a set of graphs all of the same order and the same size. Then the rotation distance graph D(S) of S has S as its vertex set and vertices (graphs) Gi and Gj are adjacent if dr(Gi,Gj ) =1, where dr(Gi, Gj ) is the rotation distance between Gi and Gj .A graph G is a edge rotation distance graph(ERDG) (or r - distancegraph) if G =D(S) for some set S of graphs. In [8]Huilgol et al. have showed that the Generalized Petersen Graph Gp(n; 1), the generalized star Km(1; n) is a ERDG. In this paper we consider rotations on some particular graphs Triangular Snake, Double Triangular Snake, Alternating Double Triangular Snake, Quadrilateral Snake, Double Quadrilateral Snake, Alternating Double Quadrilateral snake followed by some generalresults

The Performance of the Robo-AO Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics System at the Kitt Peak 2.1-m Telescope

Robo-AO is an autonomous laser guide star adaptive optics system recently commissioned at the Kitt Peak 2.1-m telescope. Now operating every clear night, Robo-AO at the 2.1-m telescope is the first dedicated adaptive optics observatory. This paper presents the imaging performance of the adaptive optics system in its first eighteen months of operations. For a median seeing value of $1.31^{\prime\prime}$, the average Strehl ratio is 4\% in the $i^\prime$ band and 29\% in the J band. After post-processing, the contrast ratio under sub-arcsecond seeing for a $2\leq i^{\prime} \leq 16$ primary star is five and seven magnitudes at radial offsets of $0.5^{\prime\prime}$ and $1.0^{\prime\prime}$, respectively. The data processing and archiving pipelines run automatically at the end of each night. The first stage of the processing pipeline shifts and adds the data using techniques alternately optimized for stars with high and low SNRs. The second "high contrast" stage of the pipeline is eponymously well suited to finding faint stellar companions.Comment: 12 pages, 16 figures, to be submitted to PAS

Mixed metal removal and recovery by hollow fiber membrane-based extractive adsorber

The feasibility and efficiency of simultaneous removal of multiple cations as well as anionic heavy metals from wastewater into a mixed extractant kept stagnant on the shell side of a 2-fiber-set hollow fiber membrane extractor operated as a fixed bed adsorber was explored. The novel extracting solvent was a mixture of an acidic or chelating extracting agent for one or more cations and a basic extracting agent, e.g., trioctylamine (TOA) for extracting anions; both were dissolved in the same diluent kerosene for simultaneous and synergistic extraction of cations and anions. In the stripping part of the fixed bed operation, alkaline stripping solution was passed through one set of fibers to strip anions while acidic stripping solution was passed through the second fiber set to recover and concentrate cations. For removal and individual recovery of Cu(II), Cr(VI) and Zn(II), one module of this research will replace five modules needed for individual removal and recovery of these heavy metals. Batch experiments conducted for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) system using a mixed extractant containing LIX 84 and TOA in kerosene showed that Cu(II) and Cr(VI) can be efficiently removed simultaneously. Fixed bed studies showed that Cu(II) and Cr(VI) concentrations can be reduced to less than I ppm from a feed containing about 200 ppm Cu(II) and 100 ppm Cr(V1). Batch and fixed bed experiments conducted for Cu(lI), Zn(lI) and Cr(VI) system using a mixed extractant containing LIX 84, di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and TOA in kerosene showed that, Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cr(VI) can be efficiently removed simultaneously

Exploration of a xenograft model of human prostate cancer to predict patient treatment response

For several years, docetaxel was the only treatment to improve survival of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. There are now many novel agents available but the optimal sequence of treatments remains undefined. The emergence of prostate cancer stem cells has brought a new way to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind treatment failure and recurrence. Traditionally cell lines have been used in preclinical studies but recently ‘near patient’ derived xenografts (PDX), have been suggested to be a better way to investigate new therapies and investigate pathways in metastatic spread. First we used a subcutaneous and an orthotopic PDX model to determine which is most feasible in looking at the differences in the expression of basal and luminal cell markers. We then looked at the effect of docetaxel on hormone naïve and castrate resistant PDXs specifically measuring changes in the numbers of basal and luminal cells determining docetaxel resistance. Finally we tried labelling and fluorescent cell sorting PDX cells to track metastatic spread and monitor chemotherapy effects.The mouse prostate microenvironment did not drastically change cellular phenotypes, allowing us to use the simpler subcutaneous method to assess chemotherapy effects on PDX. In fact the subcutaneous xenografts retained basal and luminal cells maintaining the clinical heterogeneity present in prostate cancers. In the docetaxel studies, alteration in AR expression and high levels of basal-like cells from the outset appeared to confer resistance. Although docetaxel had an overall detrimental effect, there was a typical decrease in the number of basal cells in both hormone naïve and resistant tumours. No trends were seen in the luminal populations. Side effects affecting continuation of treatment wereevident. Lentiviral transduction was successful in PC3 cells where they maintained high levels of fluorescent (RFP) reporter expression. Transduction of PDX cells proved more challenging and requires further optimisation.In the evolving area of new prostate cancer treatments, docetaxel chemotherapy continues to play an important role and could be given in hormone naïve cancers. This can also increase the chances of benefitting from the whole variety of new drugs. However, not all tumours are sensitive and resistance mechanisms remain unclear

A Novel Erasure Coding Based on Reed Solomon Fault Tolerance for Cloud Based Storage

In the recent years growth in usage of Erasure codes for fault tolerance is been observed The growth in distributed storage solutions is the root cause of this growth Multiple research is been carried out to propose the optimal fault tolerance solution for distributed storage solutions However the recent storage solutions have shown a migration towards to the cloud based storage solutions The growth of cloud computing and the benefits to the customer is the core of this migrations Thus the applications managing the storage solutions have also updated with the demand Hence the recent researches are driven by the demand of optimal fault tolerance solutions Here in this work we propose an optimal erasure code based fault tolerance solution specific for cloud storage solutions The work is been considered for commercial cloud based storage solution The final outcome of this work is improvement on Bit Error Rate for the proposed Novel Erasure Coding based on Reed Solomon Fault Tolerance for Cloud based servic

Gamma Ray Bursts and Bursters

Major advances have been made in the field of gamma-ray bursts in the last two years. The successful discovery of X-ray, optical and radio afterglows, which were predicted by theory, has made possible the identification of host galaxies at cosmological distances. The energy release inferred in these outbursts place them among the most energetic and violent events in the Universe. Current models envisage this to be the outcome of a cataclysmic event leading to a relativistically expanding fireball, in which particles are accelerated at shocks and produce nonthermal radiation. The substantial agreement between observations and the theoretical predictions of the standard fireball shock model provide confirmation of the basic aspects of this scenario. The continued observations show a diversity of behavior, providing valuable constraints for more detailed, post-standard models which incorporate more realistic physical features. Crucial questions being now addressed are the beaming at different energies and its implications for the energetics, the time structure of the afterglow, its dependence on the central engine or progenitor system behavior, and the role of the environment on the evolution of the afterglow.Comment: Invited talk at the 19th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology, Paris, Dec. 1998. To appear in Nuclear Phys. B, (Proceedings Supplements), Elsevier Science; latex file, 15 pages, 6 figures, uses espcrc2.sty, included; minor revision

Factors Influencing the E-Shoppers Perception towards E-Shopping (A Study with Special Reference to Wardha City)

Purpose: The study focuses on identifying and exploring the various factors influencing the e-shoppers perception towards e-shopping. Design / methodology / approach: A research model is developed based on the literature. For the purpose of study data collected from 100 e-shoppers belonged to Wardha City of Maharashtra. By using in structured questionnaire, descriptive statistical measure like mean has been used for analyzing the data. Findings: The results reveal that the seven key factors like convenience, time saving, home delivery, price advantage, more choice, reliability and security significantly influenced the e-shoppers perception on e-shopping. Contribution of the study: The result of this study provides a valuable reference to the e-marketers to understand the factors influencing e-shoppers perception. They can further sharpen their marketing strategies to attract and retain their customers

India’s Top Company for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - An Empirical Study on Reliance Industries Limited (RIL)

Purpose: The present research aims to study Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) expenditure of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL).Design / methodology / approach: The study is based on secondary data collected for Reliance Industries Limited for FY 2015-16 to 2019-20 from national CSR data portal, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India for the research work. Statistical measure like one sample T-Test and Pearsons Correlation has been used for analyzing the data.Findings: The study reveals that there has been a significant increase of Rs. 350.93 crore in actual CSR spent of RIL i.e. increase of 62.92% in FY 2019-20 over FY 2015-16. From the study it is also found that RILs Actual CSR Spending is more as compared to CSR Prescribed during FY 2016-17 to 2019-20 whereas it is same in FY 2015-16 and the CSR Ratio of RIL is as per the SEBIs regulation of 2% during FY 2015-16 to 2019-20

Analysis and Design of Power Gated Low-Power, High Performance Latch Dynamic Double-Tail Comparator

This paper introduces an elite, low power dynamic hook comparator making utilization of energy gating system with the end goal of diminished power. The comparator has dependably been a heart of simple to advanced converters in VLSI circuits. The lessening in power utilization of comparator eventually diminishes the power utilization in ADC squares. The proposed configuration has been recreated on Tanner EDA at 180nm TSMC and accomplished up to 15% diminishment in power and 71% lessening on kickback clamour from the traditional plans and in view of the present outcomes and investigation. A new low power, elite comparator is proposed, where the circuit of a dynamic twofold tail comparator with power gating procedure is altered for low-power and quick operation even in little supply voltages. With no troubles in circuit plan and by including couple of transistors, the positive criticism amid the recovery is reinforced, which brings about amazingly lessened defer time. Post-design re-enactment brings about a 180nm CMOS innovation gave the examination comes about successfully. It is demonstrated that in the proposed dynamic comparator both the power utilization, defer time, kickback noise is altogether decreased