Sistema CBR para presentación de entrenamientos físicos personalizados en Internet

El proyecto ha consistido en el desarrollo de un sistema experto que asesora a los usuarios sobre entrenamientos físicos personalizados que resulten adecuados para cada condición física y cada objetivo de entrenamiento. El sistema hace uso de razonamiento basado en casos (Case Based Reasoning), siendo el dominio de conocimiento el entrenamiento médico-deportivo. Los casos describen tanto las características de los usuarios, como los entrenamientos que les corresponden. Los entrenamientos completos están formados secuenciando apropiadamente unidades de entrenamiento individuales. Los usuarios acceden al sistema por medio de una interfaz Web que permite tanto consultar la realización de ejercicios individuales como la obtención de un entrenamiento adaptado. La presentación que se muestra a los usuarios incluye, además de la explicación de cada unidad de entrenamiento, modelos que ejemplarizan las distintas posiciones que debe adoptar el cuerpo para ejecutar un ejercicio correctamente. Esos modelos consisten en representaciones humanoides creadas con programas de diseño gráfico de 2D y 3D. [ABSTRACT] The aim of this project was to develop an expert system that advises the users on the customized physical training that suits best each physical condition as well as training goals. The systems works with case-based reasoning (CBR) and the knowledge used is of the medical - sports training domain. The cases describe the user’s characteristics and the advised training programs, which are created by sequencing individual training units in an appropriate way. The users access the system via a web interface that allows them to consult how a specific exercise has to be executed as well as to request a training program generated to suit their individual needs. The presentation includes an explanation of each training unit and graphic models that visualize and exemplify the different positions the body has to adopt to perform the exercise correctly. These models are humanoid representations created with software for the design 2D and 3D graphics

Nitrates in groundwater of small shallow aquifers in the western side of Hoya de Huesca (NE Spain)

Nitrate is one of the most common groundwater contaminants in rural areas. In this work, the presence of high levels of nitrate in groundwater of the aquifers of the west part of Hoya de Huesca County (NE Spain) has been studied by coupling hydrogeological information with water sampling techniques through a wide areal sampling of 90 surface water and groundwater points belonging to several aquifers. The results showed a general hydrochemistry of calcium carbonate to calcium sulfate waters. Unlike other case studies in Mediterranean areas, in which nitrate pollution was associated with irrigated crops, the highest concentrations in the present study were found in dry farming areas in which winter cereal is grown. A monthly nitrate level monitoring, conducted in 21 selected points between 2016 and 2017, showed that the nitrate evolution pattern followed the N fertilizer application schedules in the sampling points in which the highest concentrations were recorded, whereas an annual regularity could be observed in the sampling points with low nitrate levels. The compilation of data for 16 selected points since 1990 shows that the problem is persistent and points to the need of implementing new aquifer pollution control measures, since the ones currently in force have not been successfu

A Qualitative Study Exploring the Experiences and Perceptions of Patients with Hemophilia Regarding Their Health-Related Well-Being, in Salamanca

Hemophilia is a chronic, congenital/hereditary and X-linked disease, characterized by an insufficiency of factors VIII or IX, which are necessary for blood clotting. Those affected by hemophilia often suffer from particular psychosocial problems, both in the acceptance, coping, treatment and selfmanagement of their disease and in their family and social relationships, which are often mediated by these circumstances. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of people with hemophilia or their family members, of in a specific region of Spain, regarding the impact of having hemophilia. Structured interviews were conducted and developed, using the studies of the World Federation of Hemophilia and Osorio-Guzmán et al. as a guide, as well as a literature review of qualitative work on hemophilia. Data were analyzed using a six-step thematic analysis. A total of 34 interviews were thematically analyzed. The results showed that three key themes emerged from the data: (1) the daily impact of having hemophilia, (2) uncertainty about the disease, (3) the role of associations and (4) support from institutions. The results make it clear that the disease has a major impact on their lives (work, family, leisure and personal environment). The main conclusion is that hemophilia has a negative impact on the daily lives of patients, families and caregiversMinistry of Science, Innovation and Universities (‘El sistema de salud español ante las enfermedades raras (1950–2019): profesionales y pacientes, investigación y asistencia’ PID2021-126019NB-I00) Proyectos de Generación de Conocimiento 2021Colegio Oficial de Enfermería de Granada (CODEGRA) for their help in the research support progra

La toma de decisiones del alumnado de 4º de la E.S.O y cómo influye el género en su proyecto de vida.

Este trabajo analiza la toma de decisiones en la adolescencia, por ello es necesario tener una definición clara sobre este concepto, cuáles son las características de la adolescencia y los cambios que se producen en ella. La adolescencia es una etapa donde se vislumbran numerosos cambios biopsicosocioculturales, donde los jóvenes evolucionan tratando de despejar el camino para el comienzo de su etapa adulta. Uno de los escenarios principales y más relevantes son los centros de educación secundaria donde se desarrolla una parte importante de la transición adolescente. En la actualidad existen diversas teorías sobre la adolescencia y cómo nuestra sociedad influye en la toma de decisiones en los jóvenes desde una perspectiva de género. Las opciones profesionales siguen estando marcadas en gran medida por estereotipos de género, esto es, por creencias sobre las diferentes características psicosociales que, en nuestra sociedad, se suelen asociar a hombres y mujeres (López Sáez, 1995). En este sentido, mientras las chicas valoran y se inclinan más por los estudios y las profesiones vinculadas con el derecho, las ciencias humanas y de la salud, los chicos se decantan por ramas más técnicas (Gaviria, 1994; Rodríguez Alemán, 2004; Rodríguez, Torio y Fernández, 2006). Incluso dentro de una misma carrera existen especialidades feminizadas; según López Sáez (1995) podría hablarse de estudios femeninos (los que las mujeres eligen y los hombres rechazan) y de estudios masculinos (los que las mujeres rechazan). A través de nuestro estudio se aborda las siguientes cuestiones: ¿Qué tipo de decisiones académico-profesionales toma el alumnado al acabar los estudios de secundaria? y si ¿existen diferencias de género en la toma de decisiones del alumnado que finaliza la secundaria obligatoria? Palabras clave: toma de decisiones, adolescentes, género, orientación.This work analyzes the decision making in the adolescence. For that reason, a clear definition of this concept is needed as well as the characteristics of the adolescence and the changes experienced in it. The adolescence is a stage where a number of biopsychosociocultural changes are glimpsed, where the young evolve trying to clear their paths to the beginning of their adulthood. One of the main and more relevant stages are the secondary school centers where an important part of the adolescence transition is developed. There are several theories in the present about the adolescence and how our society influences in the decision making of the young from a gender perspective. The professional choices keep being marked by gender stereotypes to a great extent. This is based in the belief of the distinct psychosocial characteristics associated to men and women in our society (López Sáez, 1995). Therefore, while females value and lean towards studies and professions related to human and health science and law, males choose more technical branches (Gaviria, 1994; Rodríguez Alemán, 2004; Rodríguez, Torio y Fernández, 2006). Even inside the same degree there are feminized specializations. In words of López Sáez (1995) we could talk about feminine studies (the ones females choose and males reject) and male studies (the ones females reject). Through our study we will arise the questions: Which academic and profession decision makes the student body at the end of secondary school? Are there gender differences in the decision making of the student body at the end of secondary school? Keywords: decision making, adolescence, gender, orientation

Perceived vulnerability to Coronavirus infection: impact on dental practice

SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus responsible for the outbreak of the respiratory disease COVID-19, which has spread to several countries around the world, causing considerable consternation and a fear of contagions in global healthcare settings. The objective of this study is to identify, among Madrid’s adult population, the impact of COVID-19 on self-perceived vulnerability, infectiousness, aversion to germs, and other behaviors in the current situation regarding dental practice. This cross-sectional observational study involves 1,008 persons randomly surveyed on the streets of Madrid, Spain between March 1 and March 8, 2020. Their perceived vulnerability to disease was measured using the perceived vulnerability to disease scale. An additional questionnaire evaluated basic sociodemographic aspects, medical history, personal hygiene behavior, willingness to go to certain places and the perception of the risk of contagion when going to a dental practice. There are significant differences by sex on the germ aversion subscale (p < 0.05) and in the risk of waiting in the waiting room (p < 0.01), tooth extraction ((p < 0.05), endodontics (p < 0.05) and fillings ((p < 0.05). Women consider the risk to be higher than men do. The risk group (over 60 and with systemic disease) has significant differences on the subscales of infectivity (p < 0.01) and germ aversion (p < 0.01). Our study shows high levels of vulnerability regarding contracting COVID-19 and avoiding dental care as perceived by the population over 60 years old and with a systemic disease

The impact of psychopathology on academic performance in school-age children and adolescents

Anxiety; Depression; Psychiatric disordersAnsiedad; Depresión; Desórdenes psiquiátricosAnsietat; Depressió; Trastorns psiquiàtricsPsychiatric symptoms have consistently been associated with negative educational outcomes. However, possible confounding variables, such as comorbid mental and environmental conditions, have not been well addressed. This study examined whether mental health problems were significantly linked to academic performance in a Spanish school-based sample, after adjustment for co-occurring psychiatric symptoms and multiple contextual factors. Parents completed a questionnaire regarding child’s sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., gender, age, type of school, socioeconomic status, ethnicity), stressful events (i.e., adoption, parental divorce/separation, grade retention) and lifestyle (i.e., diet, sleep, screen time), along with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Academic performance was obtained from school records. The sample comprised 7036 students aged 5–17 with full data on the CBCL. Mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between psychopathology and academic achievement, controlling for potential confounders. When examined separately, higher scores on the CBCL scales were related to lower grades, regardless of sociodemographic factors. However, after controlling for the presence of other psychiatric symptoms, we found that students who reported more anxious/depressed and thought problems were less likely to perform poorly, while those with increased levels of attention problems and delinquent behavior had higher risk for academic underachievement. These associations remained mainly the same once stressful events and lifestyle were taken into account. This investigation demonstrates that anxious/depressed symptoms, thought problems, attention problems, and delinquent behavior are independently associated with academic performance, which emphasize the need for preventive and treatment interventions targeted at students’ mental health to improve their psychological well-being and functioning at school.This work was funded by “la Caixa” Banking Foundation, Diputació de Barcelona, Diputació de Lleida, and Ministry of Health of Generalitat de Catalunya

The impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disorders on academic performance in Spanish children from a low-middle- and a high-income population

Past research has demonstrated that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), specific learning disorders (SLD), and socioeconomic status (SES) affect a host of educational outcomes. However, there are no studies examining whether SES moderates the association between these neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) and the academic achievement of children and adolescents. The present investigation examined the impact of ADHD and SLD on academic performance in 1,287 Spanish students aged 5-17 from a low-middle (LM)- and a high-income population, when adjusted for comorbidity and demographic factors that may influence educational functioning. Parents completed a questionnaire regarding demographic data along with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Additionally, teachers provided information on learning difficulties trough the Protocol for Detection and Management of Dyslexia. Teacher's Version. Academic performance across multiple domains (i.e., first language, foreign language, mathematics) was obtained from school records. ND were determined using standardized diagnostic methods based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. To examine the effects of ADHD and SLD on academic achievement and the potential moderating role of SES, a series of ordinal logistic regressions were conducted. Emotional/behavioral problems, learning difficulties, and ND were more frequent among individuals from the LM-income population. After controlling for gender, age, parental divorce/separation, grade retention, frequency of screen use, and daily meals, both ADHD and SLD were associated with worse educational outcomes. Lower SES also increased the risk for academic impairment, although the interactions with ADHD or SLD were not significant. These findings indicate that ADHD and SLD exert a pervasive impact on academic performance across different socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, early detection and effective intervention strategies aimed at students with these ND are crucial to improve their educational functioning and mitigate the negative consequences related to academic problems

Psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale

AbstractThe Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) is a self-report instrument measuring marital satisfaction, which has been widely used in different cultures. In Spain, there are to date no studies analysing the psychometric properties of the scale in functional and dysfunctional couples, nor performing independent factor analysis of men and women's data. The objective of this study is to determine some psychometric properties of a Spanish DAS version on a sample of 915 participants: 403 who requested couple therapy, and 512 who did not request therapy. Results support the reliability of the instrument for both subsamples. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a four-factor internal structure that corresponds to the one proposed by the author of the original scale. Furthermore, the Spanish DAS has high discriminant power between both subsamples, and presents as a valid and reliable instrument to measure marital quality in Spanish couples who request couple therapy and those who do not request it.ResumenLa Escala de Ajuste Diádico (EAD) es una escala de autoinforme de satisfacción conyugal que ha sido ampliamente utilizada en distintas culturas. En España no existen en la actualidad estudios que analicen las propiedades psicométricas de la escala en parejas con y sin malestar ni que realicen análisis factoriales independientes de los datos de hombres y mujeres. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar algunas propiedades psicométricas de una versión española de la EAD en una muestra de 915 participantes: 403 que buscaban terapia de pareja y 512 que no requerían terapia. Los resultados respaldan la fiabilidad del instrumento para ambas submuestras. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró una estructura interna de cuatro factores que se corresponde con la propuesta por el autor de la escala original. Además, la versión española de la EAD ofrece una alta capacidad discriminante entre ambos subgrupos, constituyendo un instrumento válido y fiable para medir la satisfacción conyugal en parejas españolas que buscan terapia y en aquellas que no la requieren

The impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disorders on academic performance in Spanish children from a low-middle- and a high-income population

IntroductionPast research has demonstrated that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), specific learning disorders (SLD), and socioeconomic status (SES) affect a host of educational outcomes. However, there are no studies examining whether SES moderates the association between these neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) and the academic achievement of children and adolescents. The present investigation examined the impact of ADHD and SLD on academic performance in 1,287 Spanish students aged 5–17 from a low-middle (LM)- and a high-income population, when adjusted for comorbidity and demographic factors that may influence educational functioning.MethodsParents completed a questionnaire regarding demographic data along with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Additionally, teachers provided information on learning difficulties trough the Protocol for Detection and Management of Dyslexia. Teacher’s Version. Academic performance across multiple domains (i.e., first language, foreign language, mathematics) was obtained from school records. ND were determined using standardized diagnostic methods based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. To examine the effects of ADHD and SLD on academic achievement and the potential moderating role of SES, a series of ordinal logistic regressions were conducted.ResultsEmotional/behavioral problems, learning difficulties, and ND were more frequent among individuals from the LM-income population. After controlling for gender, age, parental divorce/separation, grade retention, frequency of screen use, and daily meals, both ADHD and SLD were associated with worse educational outcomes. Lower SES also increased the risk for academic impairment, although the interactions with ADHD or SLD were not significant.ConclusionThese findings indicate that ADHD and SLD exert a pervasive impact on academic performance across different socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, early detection and effective intervention strategies aimed at students with these ND are crucial to improve their educational functioning and mitigate the negative consequences related to academic problems

Splice donor site sgRNAs enhance CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout efficiency

[EN]CRISPR/Cas9 allows the generation of knockout cell lines and null zygotes by inducing site-specific double-stranded breaks. In most cases the DSB is repaired by non-homologous end joining, resulting in small nucleotide insertions or deletions that can be used to construct knockout alleles. However, these mutations do not produce the desired null result in all cases, but instead generate a similar, functionally active protein. This effect could limit the therapeutic efficiency of gene therapy strategies based on abrogating oncogene expression, and therefore needs to be considered carefully. If there is an acceptable degree of efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery to cells, the key step for success lies in the effectiveness of a specific sgRNA at knocking out the oncogene, when only one sgRNA can be used. This study shows that the null effect could be increased with an sgRNA targeting the splice donor site (SDS) of the chosen exon. Following this strategy, the generation of null alleles would be facilitated in two independent ways: the probability of producing a frameshift mutation and the probability of interrupting the canonical mechanism of pre-mRNA splicing. In these contexts, we propose to improve the loss-of-function yield driving the CRISPR system at the SDS of critical exons