Validez diagnóstica y pronóstica de la ecografía torácica en Neumología. (Estudio EcoNeumo)

La ecografía torácica (ET) en el campo de la Neumología ha estado relegada hasta hace pocos años a la valoración de derrames pleurales. Sus indicaciones han aumentado gracias a las ventajas que ofrece, como permitir una valoración dinámica a pie de cama, con un bajo coste y sin emitir radiación ionizante. El objetivo de este proyecto pretende evaluar la utilidad de la ET en las decisiones diagnósticas, terapéuticas y pronósticas en distintos ámbitos asistenciales de la Neumología. Por un lado analiza la validez de la ET para detectar neumotórax iatrogénico en las Unidades de Intervencionismo, pero además, evalúa el papel de la ET en la planta de hospitalización, especialmente en patologías donde la exposición es de altísimo riesgo, como la COVID-19

Validation of the Scale of Basic Psychological Needs towards Physical Exercise, with the Inclusion of Novelty

The purpose of this study was to validate and adapt to the Spanish context of Physical Education, the Spanish version of the Scale of Basic Psychological Needs in the context of physical exercise, with the incorporation of novelty to the scale. The sample that took part in the study was 2372 people from 16 to 48 years old from the province of Almeria. In order to analyze the psychometric properties of the scale, several analyses have been carried out. The results have offered support both for the eight-factor structure and for the higher-order double model where the eight subscales are joined into two constructs called frustration and satisfaction. The structure of both models was invariant with respect to gender and age. Cronbach’s alpha values were above 0.70 in the subscales and scales; and adequate levels of temporal stability. In addition, the subfactors pertaining to the satisfaction of basic psychological needs positively predicted the intrinsic motivation for physical activity, while each of the subfactors of the frustration of psychological needs predicted it negatively. The results of this study provide evidence of the reliability and validity of the BPNS in the Spanish context of physical activity

Orientación para la inclusión de la educación de la ciudadanía global y los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible en los centros educativos

En el presente trabajo se contextualiza en el proyecto de “Escuelas Transformadoras” de la Universidad de Zaragoza. En él se desarrolla una investigación sobre orientación educativa para incluir los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible y la educación para la ciudadanía global en los centros educativos. Participan en la investigación tres CRAs (Centros Rurales Agrupados), un colegio urbano, un instituto público, y dos orientadoras de diferentes centros. Los instrumentos utilizados son de naturaleza cualitativa. Los resultados muestran siete categorías relevantes para la inclusión del proyecto: asesoramiento, dinamización, cohesión y sentimiento de pertenencia al centro, compromiso, presencia, creación y mantenimiento de redes y limitaciones.<br /

Barriers and Facilitators of Communication in the Medication Reconciliation Process during Hospital Discharge: Primary Healthcare Professionals’ Perspectives

The WHO established that medication errors are the most common and preventable errors and represent an expenditure of 42 billion U.S. dollars annually. The risk of medication errors increases in transitions between levels of care, mainly from hospital care to primary healthcare after hospital discharge. In this context, communication is a key element in the safety of the medication reconciliation process. The aim of this paper was to describe the barriers to, and facilitators of, effective communication during the medication reconciliation process at hospital discharge in people over 65 years of age, from the perspective of primary healthcare professionals. A qualitative descriptive study was designed, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 individuals, of whom 13 were nurses and 8 were physicians. This study was carried out with healthcare professionals belonging to primary healthcare centres in Huelva (Spain). Following content analysis of the discourses we identified 19 categories, grouped into three areas: interlevel communication, communication between primary healthcare professionals, and communication between healthcare professionals and patients/caregivers. The barriers found mainly relate to the adequacy and use of technological tools, time available, workload and the level of collaboration of patients/caregivers. Facilitating elements for communication in medication reconciliation included technologies, such as computerized medical history, protocolization of clinical sessions, the presence of case management nurse and interdisciplinary teamwork

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals That Retinal Neuromodulation Is a Relevant Mechanism in the Neuroprotective Effect of Sitagliptin in an Experimental Model of Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy; Sitagliptin; Synaptic signal transmissionRetinopatia diabètica; Sitagliptina; Transmissió del senyal sinàpticRetinopatía diabética; Sitagliptina; Transmisión de señal sinápticaSynaptic dysfunction and neuronal damage have been extensively associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our group evidenced that chronic hyperglycemia reduces the retinal expression of presynaptic proteins, which are crucial for proper synaptic function. The aim of the study was to explore the effect of topically administered sitagliptin, an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4, on the retinal expression patterns of an experimental model of DR. Transcriptome analysis was performed, comparing the retinas of 10 diabetic (db/db) mice randomly treated with sitagliptin eye drops (10 mg/mL) twice daily and the retinas of 10 additional db/db mice that received vehicle eye drops. Ten non-diabetic mice (db/+) were used as a control group. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Reactome databases were used to perform the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) in order to explore the most enriched biological pathways among the groups. The most differentiated genes of these pathways were validated through quantitative RT-PCR. Transcriptome analysis revealed that sitagliptin eye drops have a significant effect on retinal expression patterns and that neurotransmission is the most enriched biological process. Our study evidenced enriched pathways that contain genes involved in membrane trafficking, transmission across chemical synapses, vesicle-mediated transport, neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission with negative regulation of signaling as a consequence of neuroprotector treatment with sitagliptin. This improves the modulation of the macromolecule biosynthetic process with positive regulation of cell communication, which provides beneficial effects for the neuronal metabolism. This study suggests that topical administration of sitagliptin ameliorates the abnormalities on presynaptic and postsynaptic signal transmission during experimental DR and that this improvement is one of the main mechanisms behind the previously demonstrated beneficial effects.This research was funded by grants from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PID2019-104225RB-I00) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (DTS18/0163, PI19/01215 and ICI20/00129). The study funder was not involved in the design of the study

Efecto protector de la Spirulina platensis sobre el hígado graso inducido con tetracloruro de carbono, a una dosis subletal, en ratas Wistar

Se ha reportado que la Spirulina maxima y otros productos naturales son efectivos para atenuar el daño hepático. El objetivo del  presente estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la Spirulina platensis dietaria (5%) durante cinco días en ratas con hígado graso inducido por  CCl4 (2 mL/kg p.c.). Los animales fueron sacrificados a las 24 y 48 h postratamiento. En el hígado se evaluaron los lípidos totales por  gravimetría y el perfil de lípidos por métodos enzimático-colorimétricos, la concentración de sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico y  óxido nítrico por métodos químicos. En suero fueron evaluados alanina aminotransferasa (método cinético) y perfil de lípidos. Los  principales efectos sobre el hígado fueron: la atenuación de la lipoperoxidación, variaciones mínimas en el perfil de metil ésteres de ácidos  grasos totales y del óxido nítrico. Estos resultados sugieren que la Spirulina platensis podría ser utilizada como suplemento alimenticio en el  tratamiento de hígado graso

Student teach teachers: study cuestions to Improve student learning management

La mejora de los procesos de atención a los alumnos por parte del profesor tutor en la enseñanza universitaria parte del planteamiento básico de la optimización dela innovación y atención al alumnado en la docencia,basada en el diseño de nuevas estrategias didácticas, organizativas y específicamente tutoriales. El objetivo de este estudio es la creación de un espacio de reflexión e intercambio entre profesores y alumnospara la adaptación de la tutoría docente a las necesidades básicas del alumnado, lo que supone una puesta al día del profesor a las nuevas demandas, funciones y actitudes emergentes en el desarrollo de esta tutoría. Entre las propuestas de los alumnos encontramos la sugerencia de una enseñanza más reflexiva y práctica en aspectos relacionados con herramientas y ambientes de estudios que les permitan adaptarse a la enseñanza universitaria, la atención personalizada en la enseñanza para la mejora y ofrecer las pautas necesarias para que el educando sepa desenvolverse en el ámbito laboral

Effects of the topical administration of semaglutide on retinal neuroinflammation and vascular leakage in experimental diabetes

Background: An unexpected increase in the rate of severe diabetic retinopathy was observed in the Semaglutide in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN)-6 clinical trial. Although this effect was attributed to a rapid decrease in blood glucose levels, a direct deleterious effect of semaglutide on the retina could not be ruled out. In order to shed light on this issue, we have performed a study aimed at testing the direct effect of semaglutide administered by eye drops on retinal neuroinflammation and microvascular abnormalities using the db/db mouse model. Methods: Eye drops containing semaglutide (0.33 mg/mL; 5 µL once/daily) or vehicle (PBS; 5 µL once daily) were administered for 15 days. Results: We found that semaglutide significantly reduced glial activation, as well as the retinal expression of Nuclear factor kB (NF-κB), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18) and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM)-1. In addition, semaglutide prevented the apoptosis of cells from the retinal ganglion layer and activated the protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. Finally, a dramatic decrease in vascular leakage was observed in db/db mice treated with semaglu-tide. All these findings were observed without any change in blood glucose levels and, therefore, can be directly attributed to semaglutide. Conclusions: These experimental findings point to a beneficial rather than a deleterious effect of semaglutide on the retina of subjects with diabetes. 092