Infraestructuras ecológicas y cultivo orgánico: efectos sobre las comunidades de artrópodos beneficiosos en cultivos mediterráneos tradicionales

[EN] The current scenario of global threats to biodiversity coupled with the growing concern about the long-term sustainability of agroecosystems has led to the development of measures including the maintenance of ecological focus areas such as non-cropped habitats or the promotion of environmentally friendly agricultural practices such as organic farming. Under this scenario of biodiversity loss, the preservation of ecological infrastructures is crucial to maintain ecosystem functions and to deliver ecosystem services such as pollination or biological control of pests, which largely determine agricultural productivity and food security. In addition, the development of reliable evaluation schemes is essential to assess the status of biodiversity. In agroecosystems, ecological infrastructures contribute heavily to enhance biodiversity and underlying services, and their contribution depends on their ecological quality. Based on the questionnaire by Boller et al. (2004) for temperate areas, we propose a reliable tool for evaluating the ecological quality of woodland patches, hedges and grass strips associated with Mediterranean agroecosystems (simplified questionnaire). Since management practices and organism composition vary across geographical regions, the implementation of evaluation tools adapted to other geographical regions is deemed necessary. The development of the simplified questionnaire followed a five-steps' approach: (i) application of the Boller's questionnaire in the field; (ii) Boller's questionnaire adaptation; (iii) development of the simplified questionnaire through the assessment and simplification of Boller's questionnaire; (iv) evaluation of the simplified questionnaire effectiveness; (v) proposal of plant indicator species associated to the different quality levels obtained from applying the simplified questionnaire, as an additional tool for quality assessment that complements such questionnaire. A total of 482 ecological infrastructures were evaluated in La Rioja (Spain) in 2014. We point out that the assessment tool based on simplified questionnaire is straightforward and easy to apply by both experts and non-experts. We also propose the simplified questionnaire development procedure as a guide to create evaluation questionnaires adapted to other ecological infrastructure types. The role that ecological infrastructures such as hedges or strips have in enhancing functionally important groups has been reasonably well investigated in temperate areas. However, it is much less documented in agroecosystems from the Mediterranean basin, even though this area has been identified as a biodiversity hotspot for conservation priorities. We analyzed, in a study developed during 2014 in a traditional vineyard agroecosystem in La Rioja (Northern Spain), the beneficial arthropod communities across four types of linear ecological infrastructures: woodland hedges, rosaceous hedges, grass strips and flower strips. We investigated the value of these elements as a source of predators, parasitoids and pollinators. We show that the abundance, richness and distribution of families of each functional group is determined by features characterizing the different types of those infrastructures. Ecological infrastructures with a suitable level of structural diversity constitute an important reservoir of predators. On the other hand, parasitoids and pollinators were limited by the availability of hosts, pollen and nectar resources. Flower strips, less complex infrastructures that offer a high amount of floral resources, benefited communities of both parasitoids and pollinators. Within arthropods, spiders are generalist predators that are considered important components of biodiversity in vineyard ecosystems, where they can play a prominent role in the natural control of pest populations. Nevertheless, the influence that ecological infrastructures have on driving spider assemblages in Mediterranean vineyard agroecosystems is practically unknown. The spider assemblages across woodland hedges, rosaceous hedges, grass strips and flower strips were analyzed in a study conducted in La Rioja. These assemblages were examined across three levels of organization (taxon, guild and body-size group). Abundance and richness of spiders were higher in more structurally diverse infrastructures. The response to habitat type differed among guilds but, overall, higher densities of spiders from different guilds were found in hedges. Body-size groups had a more balanced distribution in strips and hedges with higher levels of structural diversity. Due to the variability in habitat preferences found among the different functionally important taxa of predators, parasitoids and pollinators, we highlight the importance of preserving different types of ecological infrastructures across vineyard agroecosystems to maintain well-structured assemblages of beneficial arthropods and maximize underlying services. Our results suggest that it is also crucial to preserve complex and heterogeneous ecological infrastructures to maintain diversified spider assemblages. In addition to the role that ecological infrastructures have in the maintenance of the biodiversity in agroecosystems, some of the negative effects of agricultural intensification on biodiversity can be counteracted by the implementation of the more sustainable management practices that organic farming uses. In terrestrial ecosystems, both land use and topographic features are important filters in shaping taxa distribution. It is essential to identify which factors significantly drive changes in populations in order to maximize the abundance and richness of beneficial arthropods and the underlying services across agroecosystems. We examined beneficial arthropod communities to disentangle the extent to which predators, parasitoids, and pollinators are conditioned by local field management (organic vs. conventional management) and topographic features (hillside aspect). Beneficial arthropod communities were assessed in traditional cherry orchards in western Spain. Overall, dominant or most representative parasitoid and pollinator taxa benefited from organic management, whereas predators showed a more heterogeneous pattern due to their varying responses to habitat characteristics. Topographic features, although being a factor for some of the studied groups, did not strongly affect beneficial arthropod communities. We additionally explored the response of spider community to the farming system (organic and conventional) and the hillside aspect (sunny or shady) from a taxonomical, behavioral, and morphological perspective. Spiders were identified to family and classified in body size classes. According to their foraging behavior, spiders were additionally sorted in guilds and, for a selected family of each guild, morphological traits were measured on each individual. Spider traits and composition are determined both by local factors derived from farming system, as well as by climate conditions associated to the hillside aspect. In taxonomical terms, spiders benefit from organic farming and by the shady aspect. However, from a guild perspective, spiders respond more heterogeneously to such factors, with strong variations among different feeding behaviors. Additionally, morphological traits within guilds vary in response to management practices that constitute conditioning disturbance events for each guild, resulting in filtering small individuals. Our results indicate that the effects of farming system on beneficial arthropods are not easily predictable. Due to the variability in habitat preferences found among different functionally important taxa, we highlight the importance of continuing to unravel the specific responses of beneficial arthropods to local management practices. Furthermore, differences in taxonomical, behavioral, and morphological responses of spiders to habitat properties highlight the importance of examining their assemblages from different perspectives

Aplicación Clínica del Programa Inteligencia Emocional Plena (INEP). Técnica de acompañamiento terapéutico compasivo.

El Programa de Inteligencia Emocional Plena (PINEP) (Ramos, Recondo y Enríquez, 2012) propone que la manera más óptima de manejar emociones sería afrontarlas con una actitud compasiva, de aceptación, curiosidad y ausencia de juicio, siendo pues, con Atención Plena. La práctica de Mindfulness implica estar presentes, conectando con la riqueza de cada momento. Tratándose de gestión emocional, implicaría abrirnos a la experiencia, sea cual sea la emoción experimentada, acogiéndola de un modo compasivo tal y como sucede. Así, la práctica de meditación Tonglen es una forma de conectar con el sufrimiento a través de la cual despertar genuinamente la compasión que hay en todos nosotros.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Modified diatomites for Fenton-like oxidation of phenol

Raw diatomites were modified by acid or base treatments; addition of Fe or Cu species through the incipient wet impregnation method (IWI) and calcination at 700 °C. Samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), Mossbauer spectroscopy, point of zero charge (PZC), pyridine temperature programme desorption (TPD), themogravimetric analysis (TGA) and BET surface area determination. According to characterization results, four samples were selected: simply calcined Diatom (D), iron added (Fe-D), acid treated Fe reimpregnated (H-Fe-D) and copper added (Cu/Fe-D). Materials were tested as catalysts for the peroxidation of phenol solutions (1000 mg/L) in a batch laboratory reactor, at different operating conditions in 5 h tests. D, Fe-D and H-Fe-D samples allowed complete phenol removal under all the operating range studied. At optimum conditions, TOC conversions of 50–55% were obtained. Metal ions added through the IWI procedure resulted more labile than metal present originally. The acidic treatment favored the initiation of the reaction showing a reduction of the induction period at almost neutral initial pH. The Fe-D catalyst exhibited poor performance, lower reactions rates and higher Fe leaching. Conversely, high TOC conversions (80%) were achieved with Cu/Fe-D, however, Cu leaching was excessive (12.7%). D and H-Fe-D samples were used in consecutive runs (up to 20 h) maintaining phenol conversion and TOC reduction. Overall, a good performance was obtained, even comparable to more sophisticated Fe catalysts.Fil: Inchaurrondo, Natalia Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Cinthia Paula. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Seguridad Nuclear y Ambiente. Gerencia de Química (CAC); Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Zerjav, G.. National Institute Of Chemistry; EsloveniaFil: Font, J.. Universitat Rovira I Virgili; EspañaFil: Pintar, A.. National Institute Of Chemistry; EsloveniaFil: Haure, Patricia Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentin

Los créditos laborales en la Ley de concursos y quiebras

Este trabajo trata sobre la situación de los trabajadores frente a las crisis empresariales a lo largo de los años a través de las modificaciones a las leyes concursales y laborales. Posibilidad de la constitución de una cooperativa de trabajo para hacer frente a este problema.Fil: Ramos, Natalia Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.Fil: Carrasco Vergara, Reneé del Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas

Odonata de los Esteros del Iberá (Corrientes, Argentina): inventario preliminar y biodiversidad

A preliminary inventory of the Odonata from Iberá Wetlands and their area of influence (Corrientes, Argentina) is presented. Different kinds of environments were surveyed in seven localities. Seventy five species grouped in 33 genera and seven families were registered, from which three genera and 10 species are new records for the country. The localities belonging to the Iberá Wetland system show low endemicity and a high faunistic relationship with the Paraná basin.Se presenta un inventario preliminar de los Odonata de los Esteros del Iberá, así como su área de influencia (Corrientes, Argentina). Distintos tipos de ambientes fueron muestreados en siete localidades. Se registraron setenta y cinco especies agrupadas en 33 géneros y siete familias, de las cuales tres géneros y 10 especies son nuevos registros para el país. Las localidades que pertenecen al sistema de Esteros del Iberá, muestran bajos niveles de endemismo y una similitud faunística elevada con la cuenca del Paraná.Fil: Muzon, Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Von Ellenrieder, Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Pessacq, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lozano, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Garré, Analía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Lambruschini, Juliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Lia Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Weigel Muñoz, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; Argentin

Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Populations on a Country-wide Scale Through Targeted Sequencing

SARS-CoV-2 surveillance of viral populations in wastewater samples is recognized as a useful tool for monitoring epidemic waves and boosting health preparedness. Next generation sequencing of viral RNA isolated from wastewater is a convenient and cost-effective strategy to understand the molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 and provide insights on the population dynamics of viral variants at the community level. However, in low- and middle-income countries, isolated groups have performed wastewater monitoring and data has not been extensively shared in the scientific community. Here we report the results of monitoring the co-circulation and abundance of variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 in Uruguay, a small country in Latin America, between November 2020—July 2021 using wastewater surveillance. RNA isolated from wastewater was characterized by targeted sequencing of the Receptor Binding Domain region within the spike gene. Two computational approaches were used to track the viral variants. The results of the wastewater analysis showed the transition in the overall predominance of viral variants in wastewater from No-VOCs to successive VOCs, in agreement with clinical surveillance from sequencing of nasal swabs. The mutations K417T, E484K and N501Y, that characterize the Gamma VOC, were detected as early as December 2020, several weeks before the first clinical case was reported. Interestingly, a non-synonymous mutation described in the Delta VOC, L452R, was detected at a very low frequency since April 2021 when using a recently described sequence analysis tool (SAM Refiner). Wastewater NGS-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 is a reliable and complementary tool for monitoring the introduction and prevalence of VOCs at a community level allowing early public health decisions. This approach allows the tracking of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, who are generally under-reported in countries with limited clinical testing capacity. Our results suggests that wastewater-based epidemiology can contribute to improving public health responses in low- and middle-income countries

Análisis de los microRNA en enfermedades cardiovasculares y envejecimiento cardiaco

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the main causes of death that affect worldwide. Thereare several risk factors for the development of CVD, among them, aging is important, whichimplies the anatomical and functional deterioration of the heart. CVD constitute a great burdenin advanced societies. There is a need for the development of therapies and non-invasiveprognostic and diagnostic biomarkers to effectively tackle them. microRNAs (miRNAs) are smallRNAs known to regulate main biological process. For this reason, miRNAs have been proposedas a powerful therapeutic targets or biomarkers.Here the role of miRNAs in the development of CVD and cardiac aging has been reviewed. Inaddition, the translation level of results in animal models to human has been investigated. Asresult, a complete compilation of miRNAs that contribute to CVD and cardiac aging is offered.This literature compilation points out that the great majority of the described miRNAs remainunstudied in human. Based in the high degree of miRNA sequence conservation between speciesand their target sequences, similar functions could be expected in human. Yet, otherphysiological differences in comparison with animal models could suggest the contrary. Toassess the contribution of miRNA in cardiac related pathophysiology, cardiomyocytes derivedfrom human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) emerge as a model for their studyavoiding this translation difficulties.In addition, the BSICoS group has built a bioinformatic regulatory network controlled by miRNAsassociated with biological age (BIO-AGEmiRNAs) of the human myocardium. Experimentalvalidation of the interactions within this network is required. A new cost-effective validation toolhas been built using fluorescence. Last, luciferase reporter assays (DualGlo assay) are used tostudy interaction of cardiac-related genes with miR-3916. As a result, positive interaction trendshave been observed for CASQ2, ACTN2 and DSP with miR-3916. This fact highlights the potentialof miRNAs in the regulation of genes associated with human cardiac aging and CVD and theirpowerful value as therapeutic targets.<br /

An Integrative Model of Team Learning. Evidence from Corporate Strategy’ Students

The aim of our research is to evaluate simultaneously the working of groups that facilitate group learning and, finally, the accumulation of knowledge using the theoretical basis of team mental model

Do Renewables Create Local Jobs?

Este documento analiza si las inversiones en plantas solares y eólicas generan empleo en el municipio en el que se instalan. Partiendo de una base de datos con información mensual durante 13 años, el trabajo explota la variabilidad temporal de la apertura y el tamaño de las plantas renovables, utilizando información de más de 3.200 municipios de España, un país con una gran presencia de este tipo de inversiones. Se utiliza un nuevo estimador de «diferencias en diferencias» con tratamientos escalonados que extiende la metodología de proyecciones locales, manteniendo como control los municipios aún no tratados (Dube et al., 2022). Los resultados reflejan una enorme heterogeneidad en el impacto de las inversiones solares y eólicas, tanto en magnitud como en su dinámica. En promedio, las plantas solares incrementan el número de empleados de las empresas locales, pero el efecto sobre el desempleo de los residentes en el municipio es reducido. En cuanto a las plantas eólicas, su impacto en el empleo y desempleo local es mayoritariamente no significativo. Estos hallazgos tienen importantes implicaciones en términos de políticas públicas.We investigate whether investments in renewable energy – solar and wind plants – create jobs in the municipality where they are located. Using 13 years of monthly data, we exploit the variation in the timing and size of investment projects across more than 3,200 municipalities in Spain, a country with substantial investments in this area. We use a new estimator for staggered differences-in-differences analysis that extends the local projections approach with clean controls (Dube et al., 2022). We find strong heterogeneity in the magnitude and pattern of the impacts of solar and wind investments. On average, solar investments increase employment by local firms, but the effects on the unemployment of local residents are weak. The effects of wind investments on local employment and unemployment are mostly non-significant. These findings have important implications for public policy

Desarrollo de un producto horneado, con base de avena, saludable y rico en fibra.

En la actualidad cada vez hay mayor número de personas obesas y con enfermedades crónicas. Dos de las razones principales de este problema son las dietas altas en grasas saturadas y azúcares refinados, así como bajas en nutrientes, así como los estilos de vida sedentarios. [...]Ingeniería Agrícola y ForestalMáster en Calidad, Desarrollo e Innovación de Alimento