Qualidade da representação da vinculação e a qualidade afectiva da relação de objecto em crianças institucionalizadas

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.Pretendeu-se estudar a relação entre a qualidade da representação da vinculação e a qualidade da tonalidade afectiva da relação objectal. Os participantes são 19 crianças institucionalizadas, vítimas de maus-tratos, com idades compreendidas entre os 48 e os 96 meses. Utilizou-se o Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT) (Bretherton & Ridgeway, 1990) para obter 5 narrativas interpessoais avaliadas mediante dois instrumentos de cotação: 1) o procedimento de Heller para avaliar a qualidade e a segurança das representações internas da relação de vinculação, e 2) The Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale for Interview and Narrative Data para avaliar as relações de objecto. Utilizou-se a Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence para controlar os efeitos da capacidade semântica na produção das narrativas. Os dados obtidos mostram que estas crianças apresentam, em média, uma baixa qualidade de vinculação, e que a tonalidade afectiva está positivamente correlacionada com a vinculação em todas as histórias do ASCT à excepção de uma (história do monstro no quarto), e com o Q.I. verbal apenas na história do monstro no quarto. Nesta amostra, os resultados sugerem alguma convergência entre a pobre qualidade dos modelos internos dinâmicos e a tonalidade afectiva das relações.The aim was to study the relationship between the quality of the representation of attachment and the quality of affect tone of object relation. Participants were 19 institutionalized children, victims of maltreatment, ages averaging between 48 and 96 months. Was used the Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT) (Bretherton & Ridgeway, 1990) for 5 interpersonal narratives evaluated by two instruments for coding: 1) the Heller procedure to assess the quality and safety of internal representations of the attachment relationship, and 2) The Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale for Interview and Narrative Data to assess the internal object relations. By using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence we monitor the effects of semantic capacity in the production of the narratives. The data show that these children have a low quality of attachment, and the affect tone is positively correlated with the attachment in all the stories of ASCT except for one (story of the monster in the room), and with the verbal I.Q, only in the history of the monster in the room. In this sample the results suggest some convergence between the poor quality of internal working models and affect tone of relationship

MarinEye - A tool for marine monitoring

This work presents an autonomous system for marine integrated physical-chemical and biological monitoring – the MarinEye system. It comprises a set of sensors providing diverse and relevant information for oceanic environment characterization and marine biology studies. It is constituted by a physicalchemical water properties sensor suite, a water filtration and sampling system for DNA collection, a plankton imaging system and biomass assessment acoustic system. The MarinEye system has onboard computational and logging capabilities allowing it either for autonomous operation or for integration in other marine observing systems (such as Observatories or robotic vehicles. It was designed in order to collect integrated multi-trophic monitoring data. The validation in operational environment on 3 marine observatories: RAIA, BerlengasWatch and Cascais on the coast of Portugal is also discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and immunostimulant properties of saline extract from Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz (Fabaceae) leaves

281-289Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz is a species that originates in India and Central America and is widely distributed in the world. This plant presents important biological properties, due to the presence of some secondary medicinal metabolites, such as tannins, glycosides, flavonoids and diterpenes. In folk medicine, C. pulcherrima is used in different diseases as bronchitis, asthma, infections, wounds and eye irritations. The aim of this study was to perform a phytochemical screening and evaluate which biological properties the saline extract of leaves from C. pulcherrima have against microorganisms and animal cells. Results showed that 15 majority compounds could be found in saline extract distributed among phenol, coumarin and quercetin groups.Saline extract of leaves from C. pulcherrima also showed good results in antioxidant test and showed significant antifungal property against Candida strains. Moreover, the saline extract did not showed cytotoxicity against mice splenocytes and promoted proliferation in these cells. These results may be predictive for future studies using the saline extract from C. pulcherrima leaves as cell stimulant agent in a pharmaceutical phytotherapic formulation used in cicatricial and in vitro immunostimulant assays

Identification of clusters of asthma control: A preliminary analysis of the inspirers studies

This work was funded by ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) through the operations: POCI- -01-0145-FEDER-029130 (“mINSPIRERS—mHealth to measure and improve adherence to medication in chronic obstructive respiratory diseases - generalisation and evaluation of gamification, peer support and advanced image processing technologies”) co-funded by the COMPETE2020 (Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização), Portugal 2020 and by Portuguese Funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia).© 2020, Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Clinica. All rights reserved. Aims: To identify distinct asthma control clusters based on Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT) and to compare patients’ characteristics among these clusters. Methods: Adults and adolescents (≥13 years) with persistent asthma were recruited at 29 Portuguese hospital outpatient clinics, in the context of two observational studies of the INSPIRERS project. Demographic and clinical characteristics, adherence to inhaled medication, beliefs about inhaled medication, anxiety and depression, quality of life, and asthma control (CARAT, >24 good control) were collected. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using CARAT total score (CARAT-T). Results: 410 patients (68% adults), with a median (percentile 25–percentile 75) age of 28 (16-46) years, were analysed. Three clusters were identified [mean CARAT-T (min-max)]: cluster 1 [27(24-30)], cluster 2 [19(14-23)] and cluster 3 [10(2-13)]. Patients in cluster 1 (34%) were characterised by better asthma control, better quality of life, higher inhaler adherence and use of a single inhaler. Patients in clusters 2 (50%) and 3 (16%) had uncontrolled asthma, lower inhaler adherence, more symptoms of anxiety and depression and more than half had at least one exacerbation in the previous year. Further-more, patients in cluster 3 were predominantly female, had more unscheduled medical visits and more anxiety symp-toms, perceived a higher necessity of their prescribed inhalers but also higher levels of concern about taking these inhalers. There were no differences in age, body mass index, lung function, smoking status, hospital admissions or specialist physician follow-up time among the three clusters. Conclusion: An unsupervised method based on CARAT--T, identified 3 clusters of patients with distinct, clinically meaningful characteristics. The cluster with better asthma control had a cut-off similar to the established in the validation study of CARAT and an additional cut-off seems to distinguish more severe disease. Further research is necessary to validate the asthma control clusters identified.publishersversionpublishe

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Influências dos modos de operação nas emissões de poluentes provenientes de veículos flex em região urbana

Este trabalho se propõe a verificar a influência dos modos de operação nas emissões de poluentes provenientes de veículos flex. Para isto, um ciclo de condução real foi desenvolvido para o veículo leve tipo flex em um trecho urbano da cidade de Fortaleza. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um método on-board de coleta instantânea de parâmetros cinemáticos, de motor, de emissões veicular e de via. Devido às características locais do tráfego, observou-se uma maior representatividade do modo de operação idle. Em geral, observou-se ainda uma maior influência do modo de operação aceleração nas emissões de poluentes e no consumo de combustíveis. A maior taxa de emissão média de CO2 foi observada durante o modo de operação aceleração (6,38 mg/s), seguido do modo idle (4,70 mg/s). Para o poluente CO, a maior taxa de emissão média foi observada também durante o modo de operação aceleração (55,60 µg/s), seguido do modo idle (35,01 µg/s). Já para o poluente NOx, maiores taxas de emissão foram observadas no modo de operação aceleração, com 5,08 µg/km e 1,98 µg/km para o modo idle. O consumo médio de combustível no modo de operação aceleração foi de 6,61 L/100 km durante os testes, seguido dos modos idle e desaceleração, com 4,84 e 3,39 L/100 km, respectivamente

OFICINA DE ALIMENTAÇÃO SAUDÁVEL E APROVEITAMENTO INTEGRAL DOS ALIMENTOS: USO DE ERVAS E ESPECIARIAS EM PREPARAÇÕES DOCES E SALGADAS

As ervas e especiarias destacam-se na culinária como temperos que valorizam o sabor natural dos alimentos, auxiliando na redução do sal e do açúcar das preparações. Além de possuírem baixo teor calórico, são relativamente baratas e uma excelente fonte de antioxidantes na alimentação. O presente trabalho ligado ao projeto gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos na Vila Residencial da UFRJ: minimização de desperdício de alimentos e melhoria da qualidade de vida teve o objetivo oferecer uma oficina aos moradores da Vila Residencial da UFRJ, apresentando diferentes formas de utilização de ervas e especiarias em preparações doces e salgadas, como estímulo à redução do uso de sal e açúcar de adição e assim melhorar a qualidade da alimentação. A atividade aconteceu no dia 14 de Abril de 2015 no Restaurante Universitário (RU) da UFRJ e teve duração de 4 horas. Inscreveram-se 17 moradoras e foi utilizada abordagem teórico-prática. Como abordagem teórica, houve exposição dialogada sobre o uso de ervas e especiarias na elaboração de preparações em substituição ou redução do sal e do açúcar e a realização da dinâmica intitulada "reconhecendo as ervas e especarias", em as participantes foram estimuladas a reconhecer algumas ervas e especiarias e discutir sobre sua utilização em preparações cotidianas. A parte prática foi realizada no laboratório de dietética do RU, onde as participantes, divididas em grupos, desenvolveram e degustaram preparações doces e salgadas (Lasanha de berinjela com molho de tomate caseiro, molho de iogurte, arroz ao suco de laranja, requeijão de ricota, cookies de banana, chá mate de maçã e sal de ervas) utilizando ervas e especiarias (salsa, cebolinha, orégano, hortelã, alecrim, manjericão, canela e gengibre). Após a degustação as participantes procederam a avaliação da oficina e puderam expressar sua opinião sobre as receitas desenvolvidas, bem como propuseram um tema para próxima oficina, "alimentos bons para o coração". Em conclusão a atividade foi avaliada positivamente visto que todas as participantes relataram que a oficina apresentou informações novas e que podem ser aplicadas no seu dia a dia

OFICINA DE ALIMENTAÇÃO SAUDÁVEL E APROVEITAMENTO INTEGRAL DOS ALIMENTOS: REEDUCANDO O PALADAR

A partir da pesquisa de orçamentos familiares (POF) realizada pelo IBGE em 2008 e 2009 foi observado que 31% dos gastos com alimentação eram realizados fora do lar e o alto consumo de alimentos industrializados, que geralmente são ricos em açúcares, sódio e gordura e, se consumidos em excesso, associados a um estilo de vida sedentário, podem trazer sérios riscos à saúde. O objetivo do trabalho foi oferecer uma oficina de alimentação saudável em que as receitas eram adaptadas para utilização de quantidades reduzidas de açúcar, sódio e gordura nas preparações, sem prejuízo do sabor, como forma de reeducar do paladar. A atividade aconteceu no dia 28 de agosto de 2014 no Restaurante Universitário (RU) da UFRJ, durante o evento VI Encontro de Sabores & Saberes com duração de 4 horas, tendo a participação de 22 pessoas (moradores da Vila Residencial e comunidade acadêmica da UFRJ). Foi utilizada abordagem teórico-prática: exposição dialogada sobre o consumo de alimentos industrializados e quantidade de açúcar, sódio e gordura dos mesmos bem como alternativa alimentares com redução desses nutrientes e, realização de atividade prática realizada no laboratório de dietética do RU-Central da UFRJ, em que os participantes foram divididos em cinco grupos para a elaboração de sete preparações saudáveis: pão de queijo de frigideira, bolo de maçã com passas e canela, cookie funcional de banana, pizza de massa de couve-flor, barrinha de frutas secas com castanhas, frango com creme de ricota e bolinhos de tapioca. Por fim, foi feita a degustação das preparações. A atividade foi avaliada positivamente pelos participantes e a maioria considerou a abordagem sobre o sal e o sódio como o assunto mais relevante. Os participantes afirmaram ter ampliado seus conhecimentos sobre o tema, com informações que por muitos ainda eram desconhecidas