A atividade das/os professoras/es de educação física na educação infantil: prescrições, “usos de si” e relações étnico-raciais

Este estudo buscou compreender o desenvolvimento do trabalho docente da Educação Física (EF) nas instituições de educação infantil dos municípios da Grande Vitória /ES, bem como analisar as relações que estabelecem com as políticas educacionais oficiais, os saberes da área da EF contidos nesses documentos e o ensino de conteúdos referente à educação para as relações étnico-raciais na infância. A pesquisa foi metodologicamente orientada pela Análise da Atividade com base na Ergologia (Schwartz, 2000; Schwartz e Durrive, 2007). Os resultados apontam um distanciamento das/os professoras/es em relação às diretrizes oficiais da educação infantil e aos conteúdos étnico-raciais. Por outro lado, os/as docentes aproximam-se dos saberes experienciais ligados às suas histórias de vida e à infância

La actividad de las/los profesoras/os de educación física en la educación inicial: prescripciones, "usos de sí" y relaciones étnico-raciales

This study sought to understand the development of Physical Education (PE) teaching work in early childhood education institutions in the cities of Grande Vitória (Espirito Santo, Brazil), and also to analyze the relationships established with official educational policies, the knowledge in the area of PE included in these documents, and the teaching of content related to education that was oriented to ethnic-racial relations in childhood. The research was methodologically guided by Activity Analysis based on Ergology (Schwartz, 2000; Schwartz and Durrive, 2007). The results indicate a distance between the official guidelines of early childhood education, Physical Education teachers and ethnic-racial knowledge. On the other hand, teachers rely heavily on experiential knowledge linked to their life trajectories and childhood to develop teaching activity in early childhood education.Este estudo buscou compreender o desenvolvimento do trabalho docente da Educação Física (EF) nas instituições de educação infantil dos municípios da Grande Vitória /ES, bem como analisou as relações que estabelecem com as políticas educacionais oficiais, os saberes da área da EF contidos nesses documentos e o ensino da temática referente à educação para as relações étnico-raciais na infância. A pesquisa foi metodologicamente orientada pela Análise da Atividade com base na Ergologia (Schwartz, 2000; Schwartz e Durrive, 2007). Os resultados indicam o distanciamento entre as diretrizes oficiais da educação infantil, os docentes de Educação Física e aos conteúdos étnico-raciais. Por outro lado, os/as docentes ancoram-se em grande medida aos saberes experienciais ligados às suas trajetórias de vida e à infância para desenvolver a atividade docente na Educação Infantil.Este estudio buscó comprender el desarrollo del trabajo docente de Educación Física (EF) en instituciones de educación infantil de los municipios que rodean a Vitória /ES, y también buscó analizar las relaciones que se establecen con las políticas educacionales oficiales, los saberes del área de la EF comprendidos en eses documentos y la enseñanza de temáticas referentes a la educación orientadas a las relaciones étnico-raciales en la infancia. La investigación fue metodológicamente orientada por el Análisis de la Actividad con base en la Ergología (Schwartz, 2000; Schwartz y Durrive, 2007). Los resultados indican el distanciamiento entre las directrices oficiales de la educación infantil, los docentes de Educación Física y los contenidos étnico-raciales. Por otro lado, los/las docentes se basan en gran medida en los saberes de la experiencia articulados con sus trayectorias de vida y con la infancia para desarrollar su actividad docente en la Educación Infantil

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London