Effect of ivermectin on the liver of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata: a proteomic approach

23 p., 2 tablas, 4 figuras y bibliografíaGilthead sea bream Sparus aurata is the most commercialized Mediterranean aquacultured fish species. Ivermectin has recently(experimentally) started to be used to control ectoparasitic infestations in Mediterranean cultured marine fish. The potential hepatotoxicity of ivermectin was investigated in gilthead sea bream juveniles (35g) following oral administration at the recommended dose of 0.2mg kg-1 fish for 10d. Difference Gel Electrophoresis Technology (DIGE) was used to study the effect of this treatment in gilthead sea bream liver protein profile under routine culture conditions. The 2D-DIGE protein maps obtained were analyzed using the DeCyder 6.5 software. The results obtained showed significant changes in the expression of 36 proteins respect to the control group. Among these proteins, six increased in abundance, and 30 decreased. Spot showing differential expression respect to the control were analyzed by mass spectrometry and database search, which resulted in three positive identifications corresponding to hepatic proteins involved in lipid metabolism (apoA-I), oxidative stress responses and energy generation (beta-globin, ATP synthase subunit beta). These proteins have not been previously associated to invermectin effect.This work was funded by projects GV06B-351 “Generalitat Valenciana” and CTM 2006-14279-CO2-01/MAR MEC-FEDER. This research was performed within the framework of a concerted action between Spain and Greece (HG-2004-0016). I. Varó was a recipient of a “Ramón y Cajal” contract at the University of Valencia from the “Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Spain)”.Peer reviewe

Low-cost ceramic membrane bioreactor: Effect of backwashing, relaxation and aeration on fouling. Protozoa and bacteria removal

Membrane biological reactors (MBR) constitute an alternative to conventional wastewater treatments for improved recovery, reuse, and recycling of water. MBRs have a smaller footprint, provide better biotreatment and achieve a high-quality effluent. This work analyses the use of MBRs innovative low-cost ceramic membranes for wastewater treatment. We propose low-cost ceramic membranes as an alternative to the more expensive commercial ceramic membranes. Low-cost membranes were made of clay, calcium carbonate, potato starch, almond shell and chamotte. We synthesized two different selective layers, from clay and/or TiO2. We characterized the membranes (pore diameter and water permeance) and their performance in a laboratory scale MBR. To mitigate membrane fouling and preserve the continued operation along time, the effect of different operating cycles was measured, considering two physical cleaning strategies: relaxation and backwashing. Cycles of 9 min of operation, 30 s of relaxation and 1 min of backwashing provided the lowest fouling rate. We investigated the effect of air scouring on fouling by operating with different air flow rates. Once experimental conditions were optimized, the overall performance of the different ceramic membranes was tested. The membrane with a TiO2 thin layer provided the best resistance to fouling, as well as a good retention capacity of E. coli, Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts

Long-term effect of temperature on bioaccumulation of dietary metals and metallothionein induction in Sparus aurata

Previous studies have demonstrated that the commercial feed of aquacultured fish contains trace amounts of toxic and essential metals which can accumulate in tissues and finally be ingested by consumers. Recently rising temperatures, associated to the global warming phenomenon, have been reported as a factor to be taken into consideration in ecotoxicology, since temperature-dependent alterations in bioavailability, toxicokinetics and biotransformation rates can be expected. Sparus aurata were kept at 22. °C, 27. °C and 30. °C for 3. months in order to determine the temperature effect on metallothionein induction and metal bioaccumulation from a non-experimentally contaminated commercial feed. A significant temperature-dependent accumulation of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) was found in liver, together with that of manganese (Mn), Fe and Zn in muscle. Hg presented the highest bioaccumulation factor, and essential metal homeostasis was disturbed in both tissues at warm temperatures. An enhancement of hepatic metallothionein induction was found in fish exposed to the highest temperature. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.The study was supported by the Spanish National Plan for Research under Project CTM2006-14279-CO2-01 MEC-FEDER.Peer Reviewe

Respondus: un programa per a la creació i publicació de qüestionaris

No solicitad

Elaboración de nuevos materiales de soporte a la docencia en Fisiología Animal

Se exponen los materiales elaborados para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura �Fisiología Animal�. Estos materiales apoyan las actividades propuestas en la guía docente de la asignatura. Aunque hay disponibles una gran variedad de ellos, la mayoría de las veces presentan una visión muy polarizada de la materia (fisiología humana) sin dar el enfoque comparado que necesitamos en nuestra asignatura. Entre los materiales elaborados (apuntes, colecciones de imágenes, presentaciones, animaciones,�) destacan los vídeos demostrativos de las sesiones prácticas

Elaboració de nous materials de suport a la docència en Fisiologia Animal

Se exponen los materiales elaborados para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura “Fisiología Animal”. Estos materiales apoyan las actividades propuestas en la guía docente de la asignatura. Aunque hay disponibles una gran variedad de ellos, la mayoría de las veces presentan una visión muy polarizada de la materia (fisiología humana) sin dar el enfoque comparado que necesitamos en nuestra asignatura. Entre los materiales elaborados (apuntes, colecciones de imágenes, presentaciones, animaciones,…) destacan los vídeos demostrativos de las sesiones prácticas

Carbamazepine exposure in the sea anemones Anemonia sulcata and Actinia equina: metabolite identification and physiological responses

Resumen del trabajo presentado en SETAC Europe 30th Annual Meeting (SETAC SciCon) celebrado en modalidad virtual del 3 al 7 de mayo de 2020.Pharmaceuticals and other emerging compounds present in the coastal waters increasingly affects species, not yet all studied. In this study, we have focused attention on species (Anemonia sulcata and Actinia equina) that have been little studied but with an interest in their conservation and biotechnological application. These organisms belong to the class of the Anthozoa (Cnidaria Phylum), commonly known as sea anemones. Both are widely distributed in the Mediterranean Sea. The objectives of this work have been to determine the physiological and biochemical effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) exposure and characterize the degradation routes followed by this compound in water and tissues (biotransformation) of the two anemones species. Anemones provided by Oceanografic of Valencia were acclimatized to laboratory conditions for two weeks and exposed to 1 μg/L and 100 μg/L of CBZ in artificial sea water in a semi-static system. The experiment lasted 8 days. Small portion of the tentacles were taken the 2˚ and 8˚ day of experiment. Water samples were taken of the all aquaria with CBZ after 3˚, 6˚, 8˚ day. Ion transport (measured as N, K, ATPase activity), energetic metabolism (measured as glucose and lactate levels) and nitrogen excretion (measured as ammonia concentration in tissues) were determined. Treated samples of A. sulcata and A. equina were analysed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography high- resolution mass spectrometry on a quadrupole-time-of-flight (QqTOF). The lactate and glucose concentrations in tentacles of both anemones were modified by CBZ exposure. The structures of nine metabolites have been tentatively identified using HRMS and HRMS/MS data and three of this, were confirmed by Medline database program. The current work constitutes the first study on the identification of CBZ metabolites in Cnidaria, of species belonging to the Anthozoa ClassThis work has been supported in part by the Generalitat Valenciana through the project ANTROPOCEN@ (PROMETEO/2018/155)