The Correlation Of Islamic Principles In Economy and Tunjuk Ajar Malay Culture

This paper is motivated by the lack of studies in Malay Economic system which rich cultural treasure, one of which is called Tunjuk Ajar. This term means teaching, advice, and rules in life for the Malays. One of the figures who wrote Tunjuk Ajar Melayu was a culturalist, Tenas Effendy. The research problem to be addressed is how the economic values in Malay teaching and learning are correlated with Islamic values. This paper hence explores Islamic principles in Malay community's economy and culture. The method used is library research with historical and philosophical approaches. The study found that there are eleven economic principles in the Tunjuk Ajar that are in line with the concept of Islamic Economics: trustworthy and accountable, fair and equitable, independent, anti-monopoly, self-confident and faithful, tolerant, balance between worldly and hereafter profit, alternate, broad-minded, social solidarity, and saving. This paper adds to literature on treasures of Malay culture, not only from a cultural perspective but also from an economic perspective as a work ethic for the Malay community

Jual Beli Emas Secara Tidak Tunai(Telaah Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 77/DSN-MUI/V/2010)

Jual beli emas secara tidak tunai adalah suatu bentuk kesepakatan jual beli emas yang pembayarannya diakhirkan dan dibayarkan dengan mencicil dalam tenggang waktu yang telah ditentukan dan jumlah yang ditentukan. Pesatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi saat ini membuat begitu banyak institusi perbankan syariah atau lembaga-lembaga keuangan syariah lainnya menawarkan produk cicil emas. Melihat perkembangan emas yang selalu naik dari tahun ke tahun menyebabkan bisnis ini sangat menggiurkan. Sepintas tidak ada masalah dengan jual beli emas secara tidak tunai, akan tetapi dalam hadits-hatis yang ada seperti hadits dari Abu Sa`id al-Khudriy ra., dan Ubadah bin Shamit ra., menjelaskan bahwa tidak boleh menjual suatu barang ribawi dengan sesama barang ribawi lainnya, kecuali kontan. Tidak boleh pula menjualnya secara bertempo (kredit), meskipun keduanya berbeda jenis dan ukurannya. Tetapi dalam fatwa DSN-MUI No. 77/DSN-MUI/V/2010 tentang jual beli emas secara tidak tunai yang dikeluarkan pada tanggal 3 Juni 2010, DSNMUI menyatakan bahwa jual beli emas secara tidak tunai itu boleh (mubāḥ), selama emas tidak jadi alat tukar yang resmi (uang), baik melalui jual beli biasa maupun jual beli murābaḥah. Menarik untuk dikaji alasan fatwa ini dikeluarkan dan kesesuaian istinbāṭ hukum DSN-MUI dengan istinbāṭ hukum MUI dalam mengeluarkan fatwa ini. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research) dengan memakai pendekatan deskriptif analisis yang berupa pencarian fakta, hasil dan ide pemikiran seseorang melalui cara mencari, menganalisis, membuat interpretasi serta melakukan generalisasi terhadap hasil penelitain yang dilakukan. Dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa: alasan diperbolehkannya jual beli emas secara tidak tunai dalam fatwa DSN-MUI No:77/DSNMUI/V/2010, DSN-MUI menafsirkan hadis Nabi Saw tentang jual beli emas secara kekinian (kontekstual) ini dapat dilihat dari pendapat DSN-MUI yang menyatakan bahwa emas dan perak adalah barang (sil‘ah) yang dijual dan dibeli seperti halnya barang biasa, dan bukan lagi ṡaman (harga, alat pembayaran, uang). Sehingga menjadikan hasil dari istinbāṭ hukum DSN-MUI dalam jual beli emas secara tidak tunai dihukumi mubāḥ. Kedua, fatwa ini sudah sesuai dengan metode istinbāṭ hukum Islam dan prosedur penetapan fatwa MUI yang berdasarkan pada al-Quran, hadis, ijma` para ulama dan menggunakan metode qiyāsi

Persepsi belia tentang metode dan pendekatan dakwah yang digunakan oleh pendakwah di Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti persepsi belia tentang metode dan pendekatan dakwah yang digunakan oleh pendakwah di Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan. Secara khususnya, kajian ini dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti metode dan pendekatan dakwah yang sering digunakan oleh pendakwah , menentukan hubungan antara metode dakwah dan orientasi keagamaan serta mengenal pasti perbezaan metode dakwah dan orientasi keagamaan mengikut jantina dan status perkahwinan. Rekabentuk kajian yang digunakan ialah reka bentuk tinjauan. Seramai 268 orang yang berumur antara 15 tahun hingga 40 tahun dijadikan subjek kajian. Alat kajian yang digunakan merangkumi item-item bagi mengukur metode dan pendekatan dakwah dan Religious Orientation Scale (ROS) bagi mengukur orientasi dan penghayatan mengamalkan agama

The Endogenous Th17 Response in NO<inf>2</inf>-Promoted Allergic Airway Disease Is Dispensable for Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Distinct from Th17 Adoptive Transfer

Severe, glucocorticoid-resistant asthma comprises 5-7% of patients with asthma. IL-17 is a biomarker of severe asthma, and the adoptive transfer of Th17 cells in mice is sufficient to induce glucocorticoid-resistant allergic airway disease. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an environmental toxin that correlates with asthma severity, exacerbation, and risk of adverse outcomes. Mice that are allergically sensitized to the antigen ovalbumin by exposure to NO2 exhibit a mixed Th2/Th17 adaptive immune response and eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment to the airway following antigen challenge, a phenotype reminiscent of severe clinical asthma. Because IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling is critical in the generation of the Th17 response in vivo, we hypothesized that the IL-1R/Th17 axis contributes to pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in NO2-promoted allergic airway disease and manifests in glucocorticoid-resistant cytokine production. IL-17A neutralization at the time of antigen challenge or genetic deficiency in IL-1R resulted in decreased neutrophil recruitment to the airway following antigen challenge but did not protect against the development of AHR. Instead, IL-1R-/- mice developed exacerbated AHR compared to WT mice. Lung cells from NO2-allergically inflamed mice that were treated in vitro with dexamethasone (Dex) during antigen restimulation exhibited reduced Th17 cytokine production, whereas Th17 cytokine production by lung cells from recipient mice of in vitro Th17-polarized OTII T-cells was resistant to Dex. These results demonstrate that the IL-1R/Th17 axis does not contribute to AHR development in NO2-promoted allergic airway disease, that Th17 adoptive transfer does not necessarily reflect an endogenously-generated Th17 response, and that functions of Th17 responses are contingent on the experimental conditions in which they are generated. © 2013 Martin et al

A knowledge-driven GIS modeling technique for groundwater potential mapping at the Upper Langat Basin, Malaysia.

The aim of this paper is to use a knowledge-driven expert-based geographical information system (GIS) model coupling with remote-sensing-derived parameters for groundwater potential mapping in an area of the Upper Langat Basin, Malaysia. In this study, nine groundwater storage controlling parameters that affect groundwater occurrences are derived from remotely sensed imagery, available maps, and associated databases. Those parameters are: lithology, slope, lineament, land use, soil, rainfall, drainage density, elevation, and geomorphology. Then the parameter layers were integrated and modeled using a knowledge-driven GIS of weighted linear combination. The weightage and score for each parameter and their classes are based on the Malaysian groundwater expert opinion survey. The predicted groundwater potential map was classified into four distinct zones based on the classification scheme designed by Department of Minerals and Geoscience Malaysia (JMG). The results showed that about 17% of the study area falls under low-potential zone, with 66% on moderate-potential zone, 15% with high-potential zone, and only 0.45% falls under very-high-potential zone. The results obtained in this study were validated with the groundwater borehole wells data compiled by the JMG and showed 76% of prediction accuracy. In addition statistical analysis indicated that hard rock dominant of the study area is controlled by secondary porosity such as distance from lineament and density of lineament. There are high correlations between area percentage of predicted groundwater potential zones and groundwater well yield. Results obtained from this study can be useful for future planning of groundwater exploration, planning and development by related agencies in Malaysia which provide a rapid method and reduce cost as well as less time consuming. The results may be also transferable to other areas of similar hydrological characteristics

Effects of edible bird's nest (EBN) on cultured rabbit corneal keratocytes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There has been no effective treatment or agent that is available for corneal injury in promoting corneal wound healing. Previous studies on edible bird's nest extract (EBN) had reported the presence of hormone-like substance; avian epidermal growth factor that could stimulate cell division and enhance regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EBN on corneal keratocytes proliferative capacity and phenotypical changes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Corneal keratocytes from six New Zealand White Rabbits were isolated and cultured until Passage 1. The proliferative effects of EBN on corneal keratocytes were determined by MTT assay in serum-containing medium (FDS) and serum-free medium (FD). Keratocytes phenotypical changes were morphologically assessed and gene expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), collagen type 1 and lumican were determined through RT-PCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The highest cell proliferation was observed when both media were supplemented with 0.05% and 0.1% EBN. Cell proliferation was also consistently higher in FDS compared to FD. Both phase contrast micrographs and gene expression analysis confirmed the corneal keratocytes retained their phenotypes with the addition of EBN.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggested that low concentration of EBN could synergistically induce cell proliferation, especially in serum-containing medium. This could be a novel breakthrough as both cell proliferation and functional maintenance are important during corneal wound healing. The in vitro test is considered as a crucial first step for nutri-pharmaceutical formation of EBN-based eye drops before in vivo application.</p

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. // Methods: We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. // Findings: We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middle-income countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. // Interpretation: Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030