PRELIMINARY IN VIVO EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF VARIOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF CADABA INDICA LAM ON CARRAGEENAN-INDUCED PAW EDEMA IN SWISS ALBINO RATS

ABSTRACTObjective: Among the invention of novel anti-inflammatory agents from modern research and drug development, the natural sources exist asevergreen to produce potential secondary metabolites that possess multiple efficacy against inflammatory mediators with no adverse reactions.Methods: Accordingly, Cadaba indica lam (Capparidaceae) produced the positive results for phenol, flavonoids, steroid, and saponins in preliminaryphytochemical screening and exhibited the potent anti-inflammatory activity (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) by methanolic leaf extract against carrageenaninducedpawedemausing ratsindose-dependentmanner stayedcloser toreferencestandardindomethacin (25mg/kg)comparedtopetroleumetherandaqueous extract.Results: Thus, the plant C. indica lam might be considered to posses potential secondary metabolites against inflammatory agents and act as lead toisolation of novel therapeutic compounds.Conclusion: The phytochemical test indicates the presence of phenol, flavonoids, steroid, and saponins in leaf extract of C. indica may be known topossess anti-inflammatory property. The result of anti-inflammatory activity produced by the methanolic extract was threshold of isolation of biomolecules from the natural sources in diverse drug development in the near future being responsible for the pharmaceutical industries.Keywords: Preliminary phytochemical, Cadaba indica, Anti-inflammatory

Ecological factors are likely drivers of eye shape and colour pattern variations across anthropoid primates

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Doing synthetic biology with photosynthetic microorganisms

The use of photosynthetic microbes as synthetic biology hosts for the sustainable production of commodity chemicals and even fuels has received increasing attention over the last decade. The number of studies published, tools implemented, and resources made available for microalgae have increased beyond expectations during the last few years. However, the tools available for genetic engineering in these organisms still lag those available for the more commonly used heterotrophic host organisms. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the photosynthetic microbes most commonly used in synthetic biology studies, namely cyanobacteria, chlorophytes, eustigmatophytes and diatoms. We provide basic information on the techniques and tools available for each model group of organisms, we outline the state-of-the-art, and we list the synthetic biology tools that have been successfully used. We specifically focus on the latest CRISPR developments, as we believe that precision editing and advanced genetic engineering tools will be pivotal to the advancement of the field. Finally, we discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of each group of organisms and examine the challenges that need to be overcome to achieve their synthetic biology potential.Peer reviewe

The meaning of my feelings depends on who I am: work-related identifications shape emotion effects in organizations

Theory and research on affect in organizations has mostly approached emotions from a valence perspective, suggesting that positive emotions lead to positive outcomes and negative emotions to negative outcomes for organizations. We propose that cognition resulting from emotional experiences at work cannot be assumed based on emotion valence alone. Instead, building on appraisal theory and social identity theory, we propose that individual responses to discrete emotions in organizations are shaped by, and thus depend on, work-related identifications. We elaborate on this proposition specifically with respect to turnover intentions, theorizing how three discrete emotions - anger, guilt, and pride - differentially affect turnover intentions, depending on two work-related identifications - organizational and occupational identification. A longitudinal study involving 135 pilot instructors reporting emotions, work-related identifications, and turnover intentions over the course of one year provides general support for our proposition. Our theory and findings advance emotion and identity theories by explaining how the effects of emotions are dependent on the psychological context in which they are experienced

Forgone, but not forgotten: Toward a theory of forgone professional identities

Through an inductive, qualitative study, I developed a process model of how people deal with professional identities they have forgone by choice or constraint. I show that, when forgone professional identities are linked to unfulfilled values, people look for ways to enact them and retain them in the self-concept. I further identify three strategies that people use to enact foregone professional identities: (1) real enactment (i.e., enacting the forgone identity through real activities and social interactions either at work or during leisure time), (2) imagined enactment (i.e., enacting the forgone identity through imagined activities and interactions, either in an alternate present or in the future), and (3) vicarious enactment (i.e., enacting the forgone identity by observing and imagining close others enacting it and internalizing these experiences). These findings expand our conceptualization of professional identity beyond identities enacted through activities and interactions that are part of formal work roles, and illuminate the key role of imagination and vicarious experiences in identity construction and maintenance

Influence of pulsed TIG welding process parameters on the mechanical characteristics of AA5083 with AA6082 weldments

Aluminium alloys have been widely accepted in manufacturing lightweight materials with high strength. Therefore, welding aluminium alloys is essential in industrial applications to attain complex shapes. In the present work, AA5083 and AA6082 dissimilar alloys were welded using pulsed tungsten inert gas (PTIG) welding since PTIG reduces welding defects more than TIG welding. But to get better mechanical strength on the weld joints, PTIG welding process parameters must be optimized. During PTIG welding, peak current, pulse frequency, and welding speed were chosen as the input parameters, and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness were measured as output responses in the current investigation. The UTS of the welded AA5083-AA6082 alloys was predicted using an empirical relationship. For the design of experimental trials, a three-variable, five-stage central composite design is adopted. The findings indicate that the welding speed impacts tensile strength the most, followed by the peak current and the pulse frequency has the least impact. Therefore, the peak current of 197 A, pulse frequency of 4.9 Hz, and welding speed of 181 mm min ^−1 was identified as the optimal welding parameters to weld AA5083 and AA6082 alloys with high UTS values. The hardness analysis on the optimized welded samples showed that the lowest hardness values of 40 to 50 Hv0.5 and the highest value of 90 to 100 Hv0.5 were observed on the HAZ of the AA6082 side of the weldment

Kinetics of oxidation of some substituted piperidin-4-ols and oxan-4-ols by chloramine-T

328-331Kinetics of oxidation of epimeric-l-hetera-d-cyclohexanols by chloramine-T (CAT) has been studied in acid medium. The reaction follows first order kinetics in [oxidant), zero order in [substrate) and second order in [H3O+]. The rate increases with a decrease in dielectric constant of the medium. The rate is not affected by a change in the ionic strength of the medium. Addition of the reduced product of oxidant (p-toluene sulphonamide) does not affect the rate. Addition of vinyl monomer does not yield any polymer. Activation parameters have been evaluated and a plausible mechanism postulated

Synthesis and ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral analysis of some spirolactones of 2,4-diaryl-3-azabicyclo [3.3.1]nonan-9-ones

96-100Introduction of an α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone unit at C-9 does not change the conformation of the bicyclononane ring system. However, NMR signals for H-1 and H-5 and axial H-7 protons are shifted upfield and the signals for H-2 and H-4 protons are shifted down field. The signals for all ring carbons are shifted upfield. Spectral data show that the C(9)C(10) bond of spirolactone is oriented towards the piperidine ring