Current status of herbal and their future perspectives

Traditional medicine is the synthesis of therapeutic experience of generations of practicing physicians of indigenous systems of medicine. Throughout the history of mankind, many infectious diseases have been treated with herbals. The traditional medicine is increasingly solicited through the tradipractitioners and herbalists in the treatment of infectious diseases. Among the remedies used, plant drugs constitute an important part. A number of scientific investigations have highlighted the importance and the contribution of many plant families i.e. Asteraceae, Liliaceae, Apocynaceae, Solanaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Rutaceae, Piperaceae, Sapotaceae used as medicinal plants. Medicinal plants play a vital role for the development of new drugs (export and import diverse parts or bioactive compounds in the current market). The bioactive extract should be standardized on the basis of active compound. The bioactive extract should undergo limited safety studies

Wewenang Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Menyelesaikan Perselisihan Calon Tunggal pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam menyelesaikan perselisihan calon tunggal pada Pilkada dan bagaimana proses penyelesaian perselisihan calon tunggal pada Pilkada oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif disimpulkan: 1. Proses penyelesaian perselisihan calon tunggal pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada), Mahkamah Konstitusi menjadi lembaga peradilan tingkat pertama dan terakhir yang dimohonkan oleh pemohon untuk melakukan pengujian atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2015 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemilihan Gubernur, Bupati, dan Walikota menjadi Undang-Undang (UU Pilkada) terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. 2. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 100/PUU-XIII/2015 bahwa sesuai prinsip-prinsip kedaulatan rakyat dan termuat dalam konsep negara Indonesia adalah negara Hukum dan menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai demokrasi, maka proses Pilkada tetap dijalankan meskipun sampai batas waktu yang ditentukan hanya terdapat 1 (satu) pasangan calon

WEWENANG MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DALAM MENYELESAIKAN PERSELISIHAN CALON TUNGGAL PADA PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam menyelesaikan perselisihan calon tunggal pada Pilkada dan bagaimana proses penyelesaian perselisihan calon tunggal pada Pilkada oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif disimpulkan:  1. Proses penyelesaian perselisihan calon tunggal pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada), Mahkamah Konstitusi menjadi lembaga peradilan tingkat pertama dan terakhir yang dimohonkan oleh pemohon untuk melakukan pengujian atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2015 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemilihan Gubernur, Bupati, dan Walikota menjadi Undang-Undang (UU Pilkada) terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. 2. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 100/PUU-XIII/2015 bahwa sesuai prinsip-prinsip kedaulatan rakyat dan termuat dalam konsep negara Indonesia adalah negara Hukum dan menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai demokrasi, maka proses Pilkada tetap dijalankan meskipun sampai batas waktu yang ditentukan hanya terdapat 1 (satu) pasangan calon. Kata kunci: Wewenang Mahkamah Konstitusi, perselisihan, calon tunggal, kepala daera

Table Substitution Box Method for Increasing Security in Interval Splitting Arithmetic Coding

Amalgamation of compression and security is indispensable in the field of multimedia applications. A novel approach to enhance security with compression is discussed in this  research paper. In secure arithmetic coder (SAC), security is provided by input and output permutation methods and compression is done by interval splitting arithmetic coding. Permutation in SAC is susceptible to attacks. Encryption issues associated with SAC is dealt in this research method. The aim of this proposed method is to encrypt the data first by Table Substitution Box (T-box) and then to compress by Interval Splitting Arithmetic Coder (ISAC). This method incorporates dynamic T-box in order to provide better security. T-box is a method, constituting elements based on the random output of Pseudo Random Generator (PRNG), which gets the input from Secure Hash Algorithm-256 (SHA-256) message digest. The current scheme is created, based on the key, which is known to the encoder and decoder. Further, T-boxes are created by using the previous message digest as a key.  Existing interval splitting arithmetic coding of SAC is applied for compression of text data. Interval splitting finds a relative position to split the intervals and this in turn brings out compression. The result divulges that permutation replaced by T-box method provides enhanced security than SAC. Data is not revealed when permutation is replaced by T-box method. Security exploration reveals that the data remains secure to cipher text attacks, known plain text attacks and chosen plain text attacks. This approach results in increased security to Interval ISAC. Additionally the compression ratio  is compared by transferring the outcome of T-box  to traditional  arithmetic coding. The comparison proved that there is a minor reduction in compression ratio in ISAC than arithmetic coding. However the security provided by ISAC overcomes the issues of compression ratio in  arithmetic coding.Â

Kuru Nila Mannargal (Feudal Lords) showing the Natrinai

The names of Cirraracan refer to the Kuru Nila Mannargal (Feudal Lords)of the Sangam age who were not Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas, especially the Velir army. According to the sangam age war traditions, the war begins at sunrise in the morning. References are indicated that when the sun sets, they will break down and stop the war. Malayan's martial prowess is shown in the historical accounts in which the Aryan army ran away, fearing the army of Mullur Malayan. Many of these kings excelled in giving the goods they possessed to the debtors. This article explores with such cirraracan, generals, and their specialties

A Low Profile Microstrip Patch Antenna using a Polygon-Shaped Patch for Wireless Applications.

In this paper. a low profile microstrip patch antenna is presented. The FR4 substrate is chosen for the dielectric substrate with a height of 1.6 mm. The presented antenna employs a polygon-shaped patch as the radiator for operating at 2.4 GHz. Co-axial feed is selected to excite the resented antenna to retain the low profile property of the antenna. The simulated results of the proposed antenna were analyzed and the structure of the proposed antenna was validated through fabrication results. The vector network analyzer is used to measure the real-time return loss property of the presented antenna

Analysis of E-CRM Services of Banks: From the View of Bankers

In this article the researcher has analyzed the E-CRM services of banks in Virudhunagar District in the point of view of employees. The main objective of the study is analyzing the opinion of bank employees about e-CRM services of banks in Virudhunagar District and also offers suitable suggestions on the basis of findings of the study. The data required for the study has been collected during the year 2014. This study is both descriptive and analytical in nature. This study covers both Primary data and Secondary data. The Primary data have been collected from 83 bank officials in Virudhunagar District with the help of pre–tested interview schedule and questionnaire respectively. The Secondary data have been collected from the records of banks, published books, journals, reports and circulars issued by the Reserve Bank of India, encyclopedia and through web sites. The researcher has used the percentage analysis throughout the report to express the opinion of the respondents and in order to test the opinion of the bank employees about the e-CRM services with the help of Kolmogorov Smirvo Test.&nbsp

Type 2 diabetic neuropathy with special reference to mitochondrial role and its effective management

Diabetic neuropathy denotes to a group of nerve disorders caused by diabetes. It may occur in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients. Mitochondria are essential for energy production as well as intermediary metabolism and equally important in the action of insulin on its targeted tissue. Recently, mitochondrial dysfunctions have been recognized as a cause of diabetes. Hyperglycemia enhances the activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain, leading to mitochondrial hyperpolarisation and elevates the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Increased electron availability causes partial reduction of oxygen to superoxide in the proximal electron transport chain which subsequently induces neurodegeneration in diabetes. Currently there is no satisfactory pharmacotherapy for painful diabetic neuropathy. This review summarizes mitochondrial role in type 2 diabetic neuropathy, diagnostic challenges, general treatments and benefits of alternative approach for effective management