Paul Churchland e a Problemática da Semântica dos Estados Mentais

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Filosofia ContemporâneaOs objectivos a cumprir nesta primeira secção serão três: i) expor em sinopse o percurso académico de Paul Churchland, evidenciando as influências de que o seu pensamento foi alvo ao longo da sua maturação; ii) introduzir os conceitos e noções necessários à subsequente exploração da sua teoria semântica; iii) apresentar genericamente o seu programa filosófico, situando-o no contexto global da história da Filosofia e explicitando a especial relevância de que a problemática da semântica dos estados mentais se reveste no mesmo (não obstante ser apenas uma parte num todo bastante mais abrangente). Naturalmente, a riqueza e extensão da obra de Churchland obrigam a que toda a tentativa de sumarizá-la não deixe de ser superficial. A exposição que se segue não será excepção, conquanto se ressalve que todas as noções centrais para a presente dissertação cujo desenvolvimento resulte insuficiente no que se segue serão devidamente aprofundadas nas secções subsequentes

Intake, digestibility, and ingestive behavior of sheep fed with thornless Mandacaru, cactus pear genotypes Orelha de Elefante Mexicana and Miúda

This study aimed to evaluate the intake, digestibility, and ingestive behavior of sheep fed with different species of forage cacti. Fifteen sheep (17.27kg ± 1 kg) were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments and five replicates. The treatments were diets on a dry matter basis composed of 430.9 g kg-1 of thornless Mandacaru cactus (Cereus hildmannianus), 525.7 g kg-1 of cactus pear cv. Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta) and 492.1 g kg-1 of cactus pear cv. Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera) in addition to Sabiá hay (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia) (194.7 to 233.8 g kg-1), plus concentrate feed. The intake of the dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, non-fiber carbohydrates, total digestible nutrients and voluntary water intake in g day-1 was not differ (p > 0.05) by experimental diets. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in digestibility coefficients of the dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, non-fiber carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients between the experimental diets. The feeding times differed (p 0.05). The cactus Cereus and Opuntia and Nopalea have similar nutritional value in sheep’s diet

Analyzing a national health surveillance strategy to reduce mother-to-child transmission of syphilis: the case of Brazilian investigation committees

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relevance of investigation committees in eliminating mother-to-child transmission of syphilis in Brazil. Methods: Questionnaires and interviews were conducted with health managers of 25 Brazilian Federative Units and Brazil’s Federal District. Data were analyzed using Bardin’s content analysis technique and subsequently compared with the global prescriptions for syphilis response of the Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, and recent research publications examining the course of syphilis in Brazil, in Brazilian regions, and globally. Results: While the investigation committees drew on the successful experience of those in reducing maternal mortality, which helped the country achieve the Millennium Development Goals, they are not demonstrated to be sufficient for preventing mother-to-child transmission of syphilis. The committees’ systematic and bureaucratic agenda has not been efficient in managing avoidable factors for syphilis, nor do they operate in the scope of the integration of surveillance and care actions, as recommended by the health policy. Conclusion: The committees’ model needs to be reviewed in the context of Brazil’s National Health System. The research process should be rescaled in order to remain a cornerstone for the induction of health policy that integrates surveillance and healthcare across Brazilian Federative Units. The advancement toward an automated case management model becomes relevant for the country to meet global commitments to eliminate congenital syphilis transmission and achieve the goals outlined in the 2030 Agenda.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Multicenter validation of PIM3 and PIM2 in Brazilian pediatric intensive care units

ObjectiveTo validate the PIM3 score in Brazilian PICUs and compare its performance with the PIM2.MethodsObservational, retrospective, multicenter study, including patients younger than 16 years old admitted consecutively from October 2013 to September 2019. We assessed the Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR), the discrimination capability (using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve – AUROC), and the calibration. To assess the calibration, we used the calibration belt, which is a curve that represents the correlation of predicted and observed values and their 95% Confidence Interval (CI) through all the risk ranges. We also analyzed the performance of both scores in three periods: 2013–2015, 2015–2017, and 2017–2019.Results41,541 patients from 22 PICUs were included. Most patients aged less than 24 months (58.4%) and were admitted for medical conditions (88.6%) (respiratory conditions = 53.8%). Invasive mechanical ventilation was used in 5.8%. The median PICU length of stay was three days (IQR, 2–5), and the observed mortality was 1.8% (763 deaths). The predicted mortality by PIM3 was 1.8% (SMR 1.00; 95% CI 0.94–1.08) and by PIM2 was 2.1% (SMR 0.90; 95% CI 0.83–0.96). Both scores had good discrimination (PIM3 AUROC = 0.88 and PIM2 AUROC = 0.89). In calibration analysis, both scores overestimated mortality in the 0%–3% risk range, PIM3 tended to underestimate mortality in medium-risk patients (9%–46% risk range), and PIM2 also overestimated mortality in high-risk patients (70%–100% mortality risk).ConclusionsBoth scores had a good discrimination ability but poor calibration in different ranges, which deteriorated over time in the population studied

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

Efeitos da relação metionina + cistina: lisina sobre os desempenhos produtivo e econômico e a qualidade interna e externa dos ovos antes e após 28 dias de armazenamento Effects of methionine + cystine: lysine ratio on the productive and economic performance and internal and external egg quality, before and 28 days after storage

Avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes relações metionina + cistina (Met+Cis):lisina (Lis) total sobre o desempenho e a qualidade de ovos para poedeiras semipesadas. Foram utilizadas 120 aves da linhagem Lohmann Brown com 44 semanas de idade, alimentadas com rações isonutritivas (17% PB, 2.774 kcal EMAn, 4,28% de Ca e 0,375% Pd) e distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições e quatro tratamentos, constituídos da seguinte forma: T1 = relação 0,76 ou 0,70% de Met+Cis e 0,92% de Lis total; T2 = relação 0,83 ou 0,71% de Met+Cis e 0,85% de Lis total; T3 = relação 0,85 ou 0,64% Met+Cis e 0,75% de Lis total; T4 = relação 0,86 ou 0,70% de Met+Cis e 0,81% de Lis total. As variáveis de desempenho e o resultado da análise econômica foram estudadas no período de 44 a 56 semanas de idade das poedeiras. Ao término do experimento, dez ovos por tratamento foram coletados e armazenados por 28 dias para avaliação da qualidade interna e externa dos ovos antes e após a armazenagem. À exceção da massa de ovos, os tratamentos não afetaram o consumo de ração, a produção, o peso, a conversão por massa e por dúzia de ovos e a gravidade específica da casca. A relação Met+Cis: Lis de 0,76 ou a estimativa de 0,70% de Met+Cis total e 0,92% de Lis total podem ser recomendadas para alimentação de poedeiras semipesadas. Concluiu-se que o armazenamento afeta a qualidade interna dos ovos.<br>The effect of different methionine + cystine (Met+Cis):total lysine (Lis) ratios on performance and egg quality for semi-heavily laying hens was evaluated. One hundred and twenty Lohmann Brown hens with 44 weeks old were allotted to a completely randomized design with with five replicates and four treatments, as follows: T1= 0.76 Met+Cys:total Lys ratio or 0.70% of Met+Cys and 0.92% of total Lys; T2 = 0.83 Met+Cys: total Lis ratio or 0.71% of Met+Cys and 0.85% of total Lys; T3 = 0.85 Met+Cys: total Lys ratio or 0.64% of Met+Cys and 0.75% of total Lys; T4 = 0.86 Met+Cys: total Lys ratio or 0.70% of Met+Cys and 0.81% of total Lys. The performance variables and economical analysis were evaluated from 44 to 56 weeks old. At the end of trial, ten eggs per treatment were collected ad stored during 28 days for evaluation of internal/external egg quality before and after storage. With the exception of egg mass, no treatment effect on feed intake, egg production, egg weight and egg:mass ratio and egg:dozen ratio and egg shell specific quality was observed. The Met+Cys:Lys ratio of 0.76 or the estimate of 0.70% of total Met+Cys and 0.92% of total Lys can be recommended for the feeding of semiheavily laying hens. It was concluded that the storage affect internal egg quality