Afetividade no Ensino a Distância: Possibilidades e Limitações

The present project of investigation aims to carry out a transcultural study involving teachers and students (brazilian and portuguese) who are experienced about distant learning (EaD). For that, it is guided by the following research question: Have distance learning higher education courses made it possible to build relationships that lead the students to significant learning and interfere in the students’ decision about keeping teaching method? Both countries rely on meaningful researches about the necessary technology to make distant learning work, while the discussions on affectivity in the relationships established in virtual learning environment are scarce.O ensino a distância (EaD) não é uma atividade recente, tendo em vista que já no século XIX acontecia por intermédio do correio, utilizado para a troca de informações, atividades e correções entre professores e alunos. Entretanto, nesse início, a modalidade era utilizada na educação não formal, sendo só posteriormente estendida à educação formal. No Brasil, o EaD tem crescido exponencialmente, apresentando-se como possibilidade para a inclusão de diversas pessoas no ensino superior. Em Portugal, já funciona, desde 1988, a Universidade Aberta (UAb), até o momento a única instituição de ensino superior público em Portugal que utiliza o ensino a distância. A oferta pedagógica da UAb está integrada ao Processo de Bolonha, e em 2010, ela foi reconhecida como uma das universidades europeias consideradas referência no uso do ensino a distância. Em 2008, a Universidade do Minho sediou a 3ª Conferência Sobre o Acesso Livre ao Conhecimento, com o objetivo declarado de aprofundar a reflexão, o debate e a troca de experiências sobre o acesso livre. Tal conferência estava integrada a um projeto nacional denominado Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto, e reuniu gestores universitários, pesquisadores, bibliotecários e toda a comunidade científica interessada na temática. Nos dois países, muito se tem discutido sobre o arsenal tecnológico necessário para a sua viabilização, mas menos numerosas têm sido as discussões sobre o papel e as contribuições da afetividade nos relacionamentos estabelecidos entre professores e alunos nos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. Na busca pelo aprofundamento dessa discussão, sem minimizar a relevância dos estudos que têm se debruçado sobre os métodos e tecnologias apropriados para levar adiante essa modalidade de ensino, não se pode perder de vista a necessidade de discussões que tenham como foco os principais sujeitos envolvidos no processo ensino-aprendizagem: alunos e os professores. Tendo em vista os desafios que se fazem presentes tanto para alunos quanto para professores diante dessa modalidade de ensino, este projeto de pesquisa propõe a realização de um estudo transcultural visando averiguar se os cursos superiores na modalidade EaD no Brasil e em Portugal têm possibilitado o estabelecimento de relacionamentos que afetem os alunos de forma a favorecer a aprendizagem significativa. Diante do exposto, norteia-se a partir de duas questões centrais: Os cursos superiores na modalidade EaD têm possibilitado a construção de relacionamentos que afetem os estudantes de forma a favorecer a aprendizagem significativa? Os relacionamentos estabelecidos no EaD entre alunos/professores e alunos/alunos interferem na decisão dos estudantes de permanecerem ou desistirem dessa modalidade de ensino? Os participantes deste estudo serão alunos e professores (brasileiros e portugueses) que estejam vivenciando a experiência do EaD. Considerando-se que a natureza da problemática proposta envolve entrar em contato com percepções, sentimentos e emoções que permeiam o relacionamento entre professores e alunos no EaD, o caminho metodológico direciona-se para a perspectiva dos sujeitos da pesquisa, o que leva à opção pela abordagem qualitativa. No que diz respeito aos procedimentos e instrumentos de coleta de dados, pretende-se utilizar entrevistas semiestruturadas com os professores e grupos de discussão com os alunos

Chemical equilibrium in the complexation of first transition series divalent cations Cu2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ with chitosan

This study provided the data for calculating the stability constants formed in the aqueous HCl equilibrium of chitosan and Cu2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+, and determined the species distribution diagrams to show the influence of pH in the complexation systems based on data obtained from potentiometric and spectrophotometric titrations. The solid complexes further obtained from these aqueous HCl systems, were investigated by infrared spectroscopy. It was verified that chitosan coordinated with the cations Cu2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ at pHs >4 >5 and >2 respectively, in ligand to metal ratio of 1:1. The logarithms of the binding constants for ML species presented the following stability order: Cu2+>Zn2+>Mn2+. Some possible complexed structures were suggested having both N and/or O atoms as binding sites with one or two monomers of the biopolymer studied

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

A Sustentabilidade e a gestão de recursos naturais na implantação de painéis solares na indústria metalúrgica

A base deste trabalho é “sustentabilidade”. Este assunto é um dos mais estudados e discutidos nos tempos atuais. Por isso serviu de inspiração para o desenvolvimento de um projeto dentro da empresa Cindumel Indústria de Molas. No passado, as pessoas e as empresa tinham como único intuito viver o hoje, sem pensar muito ou planejar o futuro. No mundo contemporâneo não podemos mais nos permitir ter atitudes e ações que não estejam ligados a preservação do meio ambiente e da perpetuação das espécies e também sobrevivências das empresas. Todos estão ligados e se tornaram extremamente exigente neste aspecto, tentando participar de alguma forma e também cobrando das autoridades e empresas, que tenham posturas que visem à sustentabilidade. As atenções e projetos estão voltados para obtenção de lucros, mas buscando planos alternativos que garantam resultados satisfatórios, mas que não tenham impactos negativos sobre o meio ambiente e consequentemente a sociedade. Por isso, este projeto consiste na Implantação de um painel solar para gerar água quente para uso nos chuveiros e cozinha. O objetivo é substituir parte da energia elétrica por fontes renováveis, contribuindo assim, com a empresa, na redução do custo e também com toda a sociedade, conscientizando cada funcionário e participantes do projeto, para que tenham atitudes responsáveis e que participem da preservação do nosso ambiente para que tenhamos um futuro melhor

Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies of the complexed species of models of nitrohumic acids derived from phthalic acid

The study of model compounds is necessary in order to obtain information about complex organic substances as in the case of humic substances (HS). These substances are potential organic fertilizers and have other important functions in soils, natural waters and organic sediments. The main chemical properties of the complexes formed from 3-nitrophthalic and 4-nitrophthalic acids and the metal ions Fe(III) and Zn(II) were studied using potentiometric titrations, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). A trial potentiometric titration was done with a mixture of the models for nitrohumic acids and Cu(II). Equilibrium constants for the systems were calculated and UV-Vis and CV were employed to monitor the formation of the species. Comparative studies involving chelating centres of nitrosalicylic acids and nitrocatechols with Fe(III), Zn(II) and Cu(II) are presented. The initial studies involving the nitrohumic substances (NHS), a laboratory artifact of HS have been made and good evidence was found for the further use of NHS as a potential organic fertilizer as well as HS. In this present work one of the observed advantages of NHS over HS was that some aromatic nitro- centres can bind some metal ions at p[H] values of normal soils, near 7.0 to 7.5

β-Cyclodextrin-modified zeolite from fly ash: Synthesis, characterization, and use as cadmium, lead and zinc adsorbent

The ISWA - Solid Waste World Congress 2014. Sao Paulo, Br. PósterCoal Combustion Products (CCPs) are the solid inorganic materials that remain after coal is burned to generated electricity in power plants. The major solid residues included in CCPs are fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag and FGD materials. With nearly 70% of the total amount fly ash is the most important CCP. Every year a crude estimation of 600 million tons of fly ash generated worldwide and about 4 million tons in Brazil. In this work, zeolite from coal fly ash (ZFA) was prepared by conventional alkaline hydrothermal treatment and modified with β-Cyclodextrin (CD). CD is a cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven α-D-glucose units connected through α-(1,4) linkages with an internal hydrophobic cavity. CD is the most accessible environmental friendly “safe agent” for material modification due to its low-price and harmless properties. Modified zeolites with CD (CDZFA) were prepared at different modification conditions, such as contact time, ratio of zeolite from coal fly ash mass/volume of CD and different CD concentration . Preliminary adsorption experiments using the crystal violet dye as a model compound indicated that CDZFA-1 was the most effective adsorbent. Zeolitic materials, ZFA and CDZFA-1, were examined for the adsorption of toxic metals Pb+2, Cd+2 and Zn+2 from water in a batch technique. The effects of metal ion concentration and pH on the adsorption were investigated. The zeolitic materials before and after adsorption of metal ions were characterized using thermo analysis (TG/DTG; DSC), FTIR spectroscopy and zeta potential. The metal ion adsorption efficiencies for zeolite from coal fly ash and modified zeolite were compared and both adsorbents exhibited strong affinity for the ions. The reduction of metal ions from water by modified zeolite reached up to 99.49% for Cd2+, 99.88% for Pb2+ and 99.93 % for Zn2+. According to the obtained results, β-Cyclodextrin-modified zeolite from fly ash developed in this study has the potential to be a promising low-cost adsorbent for the removal of toxic metal ions from industrial wastewater.N