Asociación de la caries dental con el sexo, la edad y el grado de riesgo

Dental caries is a chronic, infectious, progressive, multifactorial and dynamic distase considered a health problem because its severity and high prevalence which motivated us to determine the association between risk degree with morbidity by dental caries in individuals from 6 to 15 year-old in Catia La Mar, Vargas state, Venezuela from January to June 2006 for which it was made an analytical transversal research in a population of 183 patients assisted in the dentist´s office during the study period, sample was integrated by 104. There were studied as variables morbidity and risk degree for dental caries and the association among them. Results indicated morbidity and risk degree for dental caries was high, concluding the association between these two variables.La caries dental es una enfermedad dinámica crónica, infecciosa, progresiva y multifactorial, considerado un problema de salud por su alta prevalencia y severidad, lo que nos motivó a determinar la asociación del grado de riesgo con la morbilidad por caries dental en individuos de 6 a 15 años en Catia La Mar del Estado Vargas, Venezuela, de Enero a Junio del 2006, para lo que se realizó una investigación del tipo analítico transversal en un universo de 183 pacientes que acudieron a consulta en el período antes señalado, con una muestra de 104, se estudiaron las variables: morbilidad y grado de riesgo para caries dental y la asociación de estos. Los resultados indicaron que la morbilidad y el grado de riesgo para caries dental fue alto, lo que nos permitió llegar a la conclusión que estas dos variables tienen asociación

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified