Wt1 is involved in pancreas development and adult pancreatic homeostasis

The embryonic mesothelium lining the visceral organs gives rise to mesenchymal cells through a localized epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This has been extensively studied in some cases, such as the heart, where the epicardium gives rise to epicardial-derived cells that contribute to the cardiac vascular and connective tissues. In other organs, such as the lungs, liver and gut, the developmental fate of the mesothelial-derived mesenchyme and their importance for visceral morphogenesis has also been demonstrated (reviewed in Ariza et al., Dev Dyn, 2016, 245:307-22). Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are located in the perisinusoidal space of the liver. It has been described that cells derived from the liver mesothelium through an EMT contributes to the HSC population and also to the sinusoidal endothelium during development (IJpenberg et al. Dev Biol, 2007, 312: 157–170; Asahina et al., Hepatology, 2011, 53:983-95). Thus, we checked is a similar developmental origin accounts for pancreatic stellate cells (PSC), a population of pancreatic stromal cells that share many features with HSC. In normal adult pancreas, PSC are quiescent, star-shaped cells with a periacinar distribution. When activated by profibrogenic stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines or oxidative stress, PSC transform into myofibroblast-like cells. Thus, PSC are the major source of extracellular matrix in the adult pancreas, but their embryonic origin remains unknown. The Wilms’ tumor suppressor gene (Wt1) is highly expressed in the embryonic mesothelium. For this reason, we have used two lines of transgenic mice for lineage tracing of mesothelial-derived cells, systemic (Wt1Cre; R26REYFP), tamoxifen-inducible (Wt1ERT2; R26REYFP) and we have also used the inducible driver for conditional deletion of Wt1 (Wt1ERT2; Wt1 flox) in adult mice. Our results confirm that WT1 protein is only expressed in the mesothelium of the developing pancreas, allowing for reliable tracing of the mesothelial-derived cells. During the early stages of pancreas morphogenesis, its mesothelium shows the typical features of EMT. Mesothelial-derived cells, identified by constitutive YFP expression, differentiate into a major part of the PSCs and also contribute to other connective and vascular cell type, including endothelium. Thus, mesothelial-derived cells originated by EMT seem to constitute an important subpopulation of mesodermal cells during pancreas development, contributing to its morphogenesis. On the other hand, systemic deletion of Wt1 in adult mice causes a severe atrophy of the pancreas, although this factor is only expressed in the pancreatic mesothelium. In addition, we have observed that adult PSC express Wt1 in the caerulein-induced pancreatitis model. Our results suggest that: 1) normal pancreatic function is maintained by a Wt1-dependent signaling mechanism acting from the mesothelium and 2) Wt1 plays a role in PSC activation in adult mice. These observations point to a relevant function of the Wt1 gene in pancreatic development and function.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Expression of the Wilms tumor suppressor gene (Wt1) in a subpopulation of embryonic cardiomyocytes is required for cardiac development

The Wilms’ tumour gene, WT1, encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor involved in the development of several organs. WT1 is expressed during mammalian embryonic development in many tissues, including the urogenital system, spleen, spinal cord, diaphragm, coelomic epithelium and epicardium (Armstrong et al., 1993; Moore et al., 1999; Cano et al., 2016; Ariza et al., 2016; Carmona et al., 2016). Post-transcriptional modifications of the Wt1 pre-mRNA lead to the production of up to 24 different isoforms, which seem to serve distinct but overlapping cellular and developmental functions. We have checked if Wt1 is expressed by the embryonic myocardium. Using transgenic mice lines for lineage tracing (mWt1/IRES/GFPCre;ROSA26REYFP), we have detected a small population of cardiomyocytes from a Wt1-expressing cell lineage in early developmental stages (E8.5-E9.5). These cardiomyocytes were mainly located in the inflow tract, but some of them were observed in the ventricles. We confirmed Wt1 expression by RT-PCR in hearts before the attachment of proepicardial cells, when the cardiac tube is only constituted of myocardium and endocardium. We have also studied the mRNA levels of the four main isoforms of Wt1 in a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) assay. We have found differential expression of these Wt1 isoforms in the embryonic heart. Conditional deletion of Wt1 in cardiac Troponin T expressing cells caused severe damage in the developing heart, particularly muscular defects in the interventricular septum and free ventricular walls, as well as defective sinus venous formation. These embryos did not survive after birth. Likewise, conditional deletion of GATA4 in Wt1-expressing cells causes a similar phenotype in the myocardium, but also defects in the proepicardium, epicardium and subepicardial space, causing embryonic death around E11.5. Thus, we conclude that Wt1 is expressed in a subpopulation of early embryonic cardiomyocytes, and this expression seems to be essential for heart development.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Three embryonic cell lineages related with the epicardium show distinct developmental fates

The embryonic epicardium generates a population of mesenchymal cells that contribute to the coronary vessels and the connective tissue of the adult heart. We have used murine cell-tracing models to compare the developmental fate of three different lineages related with the epicardium. Mice bearing R26R-EYFP reporters were crossed with mice expressing Cre-recombinase under control of the promoters of the cardiac troponin gene (cTnT), the Wilms tumor suppressor gene (Wt1), and the G2 enhancer of the GATA4 gene. Thus, we could trace, using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, the lineage of the cardiac cells expressing Wt1, cTnT and GATA4 under control of the G2 enhancer, from midgestation to adults. Additionally we have studied a knockin Wt1-GFP reporter model to detect cells with Wt1 expression in the developing and adult heart. During development, Wt1 is expressed in a major part of the proepicardium and epicardium, and also in some epicardial-derived mesenchymal cells, in part of the mesenchymal and coronary endothelial cells and also in a fraction of the cardiomyocytes. GATA4 expression is activated by the enhancer G2 in lateral mesoderm and pro/epicardium, but not in epicardial-derived cells, although most of these cells as well as some cardiomyocytes originate from a G2-GATA4 expressing lineage. cTnT is expressed in all the cardiomyocytes, but a part of the epicardial cells also derives from a cTnTCre-EYFP positive cell lineage. The developmental fate of these linages reveals interesting differences, according to our preliminary results. For example, the G2-GATA4 cell linage contributes more than the Wt1 cell lineage to the coronary endothelium during development. However, both lineages are highly represented in the adult cardiac endothelium, suggesting postnatal expression of Wt1 in the coronary endothelium and incorporation of endothelial progenitor cells from bone marrow (where the G2-GATA4 reporter is active in 20% of hematopoietic stem cells).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Triangularq. Una visión sobre triangulaciones y aplicación en arquitectura.

"En este trabajo estudiaremos el diagrama de Voronoi y la triangulación de Delaunay, así como el problema de la galería de arte y la importancia de las triangulaciones como herramienta matemática. La memoria incluye algunas aplicaciones a la arquitectura. Los objetivos principales han sido: o Dotar al lector de un conocimiento básico sobre los diagramas de Voronoi y la triangulación de Delaunay, así como otros conceptos básicos relacionados con ellos. o Introducir al problema de la galería de arte y su variante ortogonal. o Mostrar las posibilidades de aplicación en el diseño arquitectónico y en el planeamiento urbanístico de los objetivos precedentes. Esta memoria ofrece una visión arquitectónica, desde el filtro de las matemáticas, de algo que puede resultar tan cotidiano como la división espacial, de cómo generar equilibrio, a veces de manera innata, a la hora de ordenar la realidad que nos ha tocado vivir y aplicar el ingenio para lograr avances en cualquier ámbito. Todos sabemos lo que es un triángulo. Esta figura está presente en nuestra consciencia desde nuestros más tempranos comienzos. En los juegos de construcción con los que pasábamos tantas horas o en las pegatinas con formas geométricas que nos daban en párvulos. Poco a poco, se convierte en una figura conocida para nosotros. Seguimos creciendo y seguimos aprendiendo, volvemos a cruzarnos con su silueta. En el colegio nos peleamos con ella en asignaturas como dibujo o matemáticas y la trigonometría. Nos hacemos mayores y creemos que pocas cosas pueden sorprendernos ya de algo tan familiar. Decidimos seguir estudiando y escogemos arquitectura en la universidad, y nos volvemos a encontrar. Triángulos en Física con los diagramas de Cremona, entiendes el porqué de su importancia en las vigas en celosía de Estructuras o su papel en la Geometría Descriptiva. Y llegamos al presente, al momento de finalizar la titulación mediante la presente memoria. En la búsqueda de líneas de trabajo para el mismo, el profesor Miguel Luis Rodríguez González me comentó su línea de investigación y me reencontré una vez más con los triángulos, demostrándome lo equivocado que estaba pensando que no me quedaba nada más que conocer de ellos. Esto es lo que pretende ser este trabajo, una mirada hacia un viejo conocido, que pensábamos no tenía más con lo que sorprendernos, y aportar otra visión, espero que si no desconocida para el lector, al menos tan interesante como a mí me resultó.""In this work we are going to study about Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangulation, as well as the art gallery problem and the fundamental role of triangulation as mathematical tools. It includes some practical implementation in architecture. Its main objectives have been: o To give the reader a basic understanding of Voronoi diagrams an Delaunay triangulation, as well as some other basic concepts in both subjects. o Introducing the reader to the art gallery problem. o To show possibilities of application in architectural design and urban planning of the topics covered in this work. This report shares an architectural vision, from Maths perspective, of something so normal in everyday life as spatial división. Humans have developed an inherently hability to create balance, applying some ingenuity to go further in any field. We all know what a triangle is. We deal with this figure since our very beginings, playing with construction sets or stickers at school. Little by little, it becomes a well known figure. We continue dealing with triangles at high school learning Maths and trigonometry or technical drawing. As we grow older, we believe there are less things that can surprise us of such a common silhouette. We decide to go to university and study an architecture degree and we both meet again. There are triangles forming Cremona diagrams in Physics, we understand its importance calculating trussed girders or in Descriptive Geometry. Finally, we come to the present. It is time to finish my architecture degree through this report. During the seek for lines of research, professor Miguel Luis Rodríguez González tells me about his line of work and I bump into triangles one more time, showing me how deeply wrong I was thinking that I have nothing more to learn about them. That is what this work is all about. Looking at an old familiar face we thought had no more to offer and providing another vision, if not at unknown one, at least a vision as interesting as it seemed to me.

Effects of Olive Oil Consumption on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Fibromyalgia

We wish to thank AFIXA (Association of Fibromyalgia of Jaén, Spain) for collaborating in this study.We have recently reported that patients with fibromyalgia (FM) may be at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Olive oil reportedly has cardioprotective effects. We examined the influence of olive oil consumption on cardiovascular risk factors in FM. This preliminary study was performed on blood samples of women with FM who consumed 50 mL of organic olive oil daily for 3 weeks. Patients were randomized into two groups: 15 women ingested extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and 15 refined olive oil (ROO). Cardiovascular risk markers were measured at baseline (pre measure) and after consumption of olive oil (post measure). Red blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; both p < 0.05) declined significantly post-treatment in the EVOO group. Consumption of ROO increased mean platelet volume and reduced platelet distribution width (PDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, ESR and fibrinogen (all p < 0.05). Significant differences were found in pre–post change between the EVOO and ROO groups for cortisol and PDW (both p < 0.05). Our results have shown that consumption of olive oil may have antithrombotic and antiinflammatory properties in patients with FM, thereby improving a number of cardiovascular risk markers. Both EVOO and ROO may be useful as adjuvants for the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular disorders in these patients.This research was funded by Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo (Junta de Andalucía, Spain), grant number AGR-6235

UN FORMULARI PORTÀTIL DE L’ANY 1826

En aquesta comunicació es dóna a conèixer un formulari que pel seu tamany 10x15 cm, suposa per l’època una novetat pel seu títol “Formulario Portátil”. El seu autor M.A.Richard, fou doctor en Medicina, agregat amb exercici a la Facultat de  Medicina de Paris i membre de la Reial Acadèmia de Medicina de Paris. L’obra és la primera edició espanyola de la tercera edició francesa, traduïda del francès per Manuel Anselmo Rodriguez, llicenciat en Farmàcia, augmentada amb les substàncies actives descobertes per Pelletier i Caventou, Brandes, Duncan, Chevallier,  Lassaigne, Vauquelin, Feneulle, Magendie, Canzoreni, Henry, Ives, Derosne,  Sertuerner, Boullay, Desfoses, Orstaedt, Courtois. Fa referència a l’obra de Mateu Orfila i les seves descobertes, així com la descripció dels medicaments, segons les seves formes farmacèutiques i els diferents mètodes curatius. Es dóna a conèixer la segona edició feta a Barcelona l’any 1850.En esta comunicación se da a conocer un formulario que por su tamaño 10x15 cm, supone por la época una novedad por su título “Formulario Portátil”. Su autor  M.A.Richard fue doctor en Medicina, agregado con ejercicio en la Facultad de Medicina de Paris y miembro de la Real Academia de Medicina de Paris. La obra es la primera edición española de la tercera edición francesa traducida del francés por  Manuel Anselmo Rodriguez, licenciado en Farmacia, aumentada con las sustancias activas descubiertas por Pelletier y Caventou, Brandes, Duncan, Chevallier,  Lassaigne, Vauquelin, Feneulle, Magendie, Canzoreni, Henry, Ives, Derosne,  Sertuerner, Boullay, Desfoses, Orstaedt, Courtois. Hace referencia a la obra de  Mateo Orfila y sus descubrimientos, así como la descripción de los medicamentos,  según sus formas farmacéuticas y los diferentes métodos curativos. Se da a  conocer la segunda edición hecha en Barcelona el año 1850

Automated Purchase Negotiations in a Dynamic Electronic Marketplace

Nowadays, there is a surge of B2C and B2B e-commerce operated\ud on the Internet. However, many of these systems are often nothing\ud more than electronic product or service catalogues. Against this background,\ud it is argued that new generation systems based on automatic\ud negotiation will emerge. This paper covers a particular kind of automatic\ud negotiation systems, where a number of participants in a mobile\ud dynamic electronic marketplace automatically negotiate the purchase of\ud products or services, by means of multiple automated one-to-one bargainings.\ud In a dynamic e-marketplace, the number of buyers and sellers\ud and their preferences may change over time. By mobile we mean that\ud buyers in a commercial area may initiate simultaneous negotiations with\ud several sellers using portable devices like cell phones, laptops or personal\ud digital assistants, so these negotiations do not require participants to be\ud colocated in space. We will show how an expressive approach to fuzzy\ud constraint based agent purchase negotiations in competitive trading environments,\ud is ideally suited to work on these kind of e-marketplaces. An\ud example of mobile e-marketplace, and a comparison between an expressive\ud and an inexpressive approach will be presented to show the efficiency\ud of the proposed solution

La dirección de fotografía en el cortometraje "La Virgen Santa"

[ES] En este trabajo de fin de grado se tratará todo el proceso de investigación y su consiguiente propuesta visual para el desarrollo de un cortometraje de ficción, desde el punto de vista de la dirección de fotografía. Veremos cómo trabajar desde nuestra idea y concepción del cortometraje inicial, abordando campos tan importantes como la iluminación, tiros de cámara o el color, e investigando sobre ellos. Se realizará una búsqueda de referencias que ayudará a la concepción final del estilo visual del cortometraje. Además, también realizaremos a partir del guión, el correspondiente guión técnico, plantas de cámara y luces.[EN] This final degree project will deal with the entire research process and its subsequent visual proposal will be covered for the development of a fiction short film, from the point of view of photography direction. We will see how to work from our idea and conception of the initial short film, addressing such important fields as lighting, camera shots or color, and investigating about them. A search for references will be carried out that will help in the final conception of the visual style of the short film. In addition we will also make from the script, the corresponding technical script, camera plants and lights.Ripoll Carmona, JR. (2021). La dirección de fotografía en el cortometraje "La Virgen Santa". Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/172640TFG

Factores asociados a prolapso de órganos pélvicos en pacientes del Hospital Bertha Calderón 2018-2020

Factores asociados a prolapso de órganos pélvicos en pacientes del Hospital Bertha Calderón 2018-2020. No existe en este Hospital un estudio sobre factores asociados a POP, a pesar de ser este diagnóstico uno de los principales motivos de consulta en el servicio de ginecología, por lo que es esencial el presente estudio para realizar un aporte científico necesario que mejore la prevención de esta patología. El objetivo general: Determinar los factores asociados de POP en las pacientes que acuden a la clínica de Ginecología del Hospital Bertha Calderón en el periodo Enero 2018-Diciembre 2020. Diseño Metodológico: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles, con 170 casos y 170 controles. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, distribución de frecuencias, coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, el valor de P y el análisis de riesgo.Resultados: El 50% de las pacientes tienen entre 47 a 64 años, son del área urbana, baja escolaridad, con estado nutricional mayor que el normal. Factores de riesgo encontrados: escolaridad OR: 3.377 (IC: 2.150-5.304), menopausia OR: 8.173 (IC: 728-14.128), antecedente de cirugía ginecológica del piso pélvico OR: 5.687 (IC: 2.834-11.411), parto vaginal OR: 11.692 (IC: 1.492-91.600), antecedentes de patologías crónicas OR: 3.406 (IC: 1.909-6.071), Asma OR 8.346 (IC: 1.032-67.474), Diabetes OR: 2.349, (IC: 1.277-4.321), Tos Crónica OR: 15.167 (IC: 1.971-116.687). Conclusiones: Factores de riesgo para POP: eescolaridad baja, menopausia, antecedente de cirugía ginecológica del piso pélvico, parto vaginal, Antecedentes de patologías crónicas, Asma, Diabetes, Tos Crónica. Palabras Clave: POP, Factores de riesg

Anti-obesity sodium tungstate treatment triggers axonal and glial plasticity in hypothalamic feeding centers

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- et al.[Objective]: This study aims at exploring the effects of sodium tungstate treatment on hypothalamic plasticity, which is known to have an important role in the control of energy metabolism. [Methods]: Adult lean and high-fat diet-induced obese mice were orally treated with sodium tungstate. Arcuate and paraventricular nuclei and lateral hypothalamus were separated and subjected to proteomic analysis by DIGE and mass spectrometry. Immunohistochemistry and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging were also performed. [Results]: Sodium tungstate treatment reduced body weight gain, food intake, and blood glucose and triglyceride levels. These effects were associated with transcriptional and functional changes in the hypothalamus. Proteomic analysis revealed that sodium tungstate modified the expression levels of proteins involved in cell morphology, axonal growth, and tissue remodeling, such as actin, CRMP2 and neurofilaments, and of proteins related to energy metabolism. Moreover, immunohistochemistry studies confirmed results for some targets and further revealed tungstate-dependent regulation of SNAP25 and HPC-1 proteins, suggesting an effect on synaptogenesis as well. Functional test for cell activity based on c-fos-positive cell counting also suggested that sodium tungstate modified hypothalamic basal activity. Finally, in vivo magnetic resonance imaging showed that tungstate treatment can affect neuronal organization in the hypothalamus. [Conclusions]: Altogether, these results suggest that sodium tungstate regulates proteins involved in axonal and glial plasticity. The fact that sodium tungstate could modulate hypothalamic plasticity and networks in adulthood makes it a possible and interesting therapeutic strategy not only for obesity management, but also for other neurodegenerative illnesses like Alzheimer's disease. © 2012 Amigó-Correig et al.This work was supported by project no SAF 2006-07382 and grant no BES-2007-17284, both awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Education of Science, and by project noCP07/00152, financed by the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII). Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas is an initiative of ISCIII (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion).Peer Reviewe