Reconstruction of endodontically treated anterior teeth

L’objectiu d’aquesta tesis es va centrar en la restauració de les dents endodonciades en el sector anterior. Es va evaluar l’adaptació marginal, la resistencia a la fractura, i el tipus de fractura entre dents anteriors restaurades amb endocorones de composite i ceràmica, i corones de ceràmica i composite amb prèvia col.lcació de postes de fibra de 5mm o 10mm de longitud. 32 incisius centrals anteriors van ser dividits en 6 grups experimentals. 1) Poste llarg + munyó de composite + corona CAD/CAM de ceràmica, 2) Poste curt + munyó de composite + corona CAD/CAM de ceràmica, 3) Poste llarg + munyó de composite + corona CAD/CAM de composite, 4) Poste curt + munyó de composite + corona CAD/CAM de composite, 5) Endocorona de ceràmica, 6) Endocorona de composite. Una vegada restaurades les dents, es van carregar sobre una superfície palatina amb una angulació de 45 graus seguint l’eix longitudinal de l’arrel a la màquina de fatiga realitzant 600.000 cicles mecànics a una força de 49N i 1500 cicles termals entre 5 i 55ºC. Abans i després de la prova de fatiga es van realitzar rèpliques de cada mostra per analitzar les dues interfases adhesives externes (Dentina-Ciment i Ciment-Corona) mitjançant un “Microscopio Óptico de Barrido” (SEM) a 200x de magnificació. Es va evaluar així la continuïtat (C) o no continuïtat (MO) de cada interfase. Posteriorment cada dent es va col.locar a un suport de 45º i es va aplicar una força controlada amb una bola d’acer inoxidable. La pressió es va localitzar 3mm per sota de l’eix incisial a la superfície palatina de la corona a una velocitat màxima de 1mm/min. Totes les mostres es van carregar fins aconseguir la seva fractura amb Newtons (N). Els tipus de fractura es van analitzar i es van classificar com a fractura reparable o no reparable o catastròfica. Les fractures a la part inicisal de l’arrel, al munyó i la descimentació del poste es van valorar com a reparables i les fractures per sota, no reparables

Short-term thermo-mechanical numerical modelling of reinforced soil walls with polyester strap reinforcements

Polyester (PET) materials have become more common as reinforcement solution in reinforced soil walls (RSW). It has been shown that strength and stiffness of geosynthetics products, including PET, is load-, time-, and temperature-dependent. Consequently, the mechanical response of these materials is influenced by in-soil conditions. The present study describes viscoelastic and visco-plastic constitutive formulations used to model PET strap reinforcement layers in thermo-mechanical finite element models. The models are demonstrated using an idealized 15-meter high RSW with concrete facing panels, including loading due to a road at the top of the structure. Reinforcement model parameters were calibrated using laboratory measured data. Analyses include temperature boundary conditions representing a Mediterranean climate for a 1-year period following end of construction. Calculated stress and strain values were in accordance with values found in the literature. The results of this study are a precursor for the long-term modelling of RSWs under operational conditions subjected to changing atmospheric boundary conditions.The authors wish to thank Aaron Kim from GECO Industrial (Korea, Rep.) for providing polymeric strap data from manufacturing quality control records. The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECA) of the Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya�����BarcelonaTech (UPC) and the International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE) and the funding received from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the “Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D” (CEX2018-000797-S-20-4).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Numerical formulation for a simulator (CODE_BRIGHT) for the coupled analysis of saline media

Salt rocks are being considered as potential recipients for geologic disposal of nuclear waste because of their favourable hydraulic and mechanical properties. In essence, processes controlling the behaviour of salt rocks are similar to those occurring in other media, except that they take place at unusually fast rates. The high solubility of salt in water is one of the causes of these high rates. In fact, creep deformation of wet salts takes place much faster than under dry conditions. This can be explained by means of a mechanism of creep deformation based on salt dissolution, molecular diffusion and precipitation at the pore scale caused by stress concentration[...]. The complex behaviour of saline media requires new theoretical and numerical developments. The study of the basic mechanisms has revealed that coupling between thermal, hydraulic and mechanical problems may be required in some cases. We have developed the governing equations for nonisothermal multiphase flow of brine and gas in deformable saline media. These include mass balance equations for the species in the system (salt, water and air), energy balance equation and stress equilibrium equation. Equilibrium restrictions complete the theoretical formulation. This paper presents a numerical formulation required for solving this complex problem in a practical way. An example of its application is also included.Peer Reviewe

Simplified approach to analyse global stability of reinforced soil walls

Reinforced soil walls (RSW) are a proven alternative to conventional earth retaining structures due to their rapid construction, smaller environmental impact, lower cost, as well as more sustainable social/functional features. Design methods for RSW appear in international codes and guidelines. However, they often do not provide detailed calculations for global stability assessment. Global stability can significantly affect RSW design for specific geometric cases and/or site-specific boundary conditions. Traditional limit equilibrium (LE) methods have the disadvantage of not considering reinforcements and/or require iterations to achieve a safety factor (SF) value. Alternatively, numerical methods can be time consuming for both model generation, particularly for complex geometries, and during calculations. The present study discusses different analytical strategies using limit equilibrium formulations and a numerical finite element method, and proposes a simplified analytical method for global stability analysis based on a three-part wedge failure mechanism, and simple wall conditions.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The effect of vibration therapy on neck myofascial trigger points: A randomized controlled pilot study

[EN] Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-frequency self-administered vibration therapy into myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius and levator scapulae on patients with chronic non-specific neck pain. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with chronic non-specific neck pain were randomly assigned into a vibration group, receiving 10 self-applied sessions of vibration therapy in the upper trapezius and levator scapulae trigger points; or a control group, receiving no intervention. Self-reported neck pain and disability (Neck Disability Index) and pressure pain threshold were assessed at baseline and after the first, fifth and 10th treatment sessions. Findings: Significant differences were found in the vibration group when compared to the control group after the treatment period: the vibration group reached lower Neck Disability Index scores (F = 4.74, P = .033, eta(2) = 0.07) and greater pressure pain threshold values (F = 7.56, P = .01, eta(2) = 0.10) than the control group. The vibration group reported a significant reduction in Neck Disability Index scores (chi(2) = 19,35, P = .00, Kendall's W = 0.28) and an increase in pressure pain threshold (chi(2) = 87,10, P = .00, Kendall's W = 0.73) between the assessment times over the course of the treatment. The mean increase in pressure pain threshold in the vibration group after the 10 sessions was 8.54 N/cm2, while the mean reduction in Neck Disability Index scores was 4.53 points. Interpretation: Vibration therapy may be an effective intervention for reducing self-reported neck pain and disability and pressure pain sensitivity in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain. This tool could be recommended for people with non-specific neck pain.Dueñas, L.; Zamora, T.; Lluch, E.; Artacho Ramírez, MÁ.; Mayoral, O.; Balasch Parisi, S.; Balasch-Bernat, M. (2020). The effect of vibration therapy on neck myofascial trigger points: A randomized controlled pilot study. Clinical Biomechanics. 78:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.1050711978Andrade Ortega, J. A., Delgado Martínez, A. D., & Ruiz, R. A. (2010). Validation of the Spanish Version of the Neck Disability Index. Spine, 35(4), E114-E118. doi:10.1097/brs.0b013e3181afea5dArmstrong, W. J., Grinnell, D. C., & Warren, G. S. (2010). The Acute Effect of Whole-Body Vibration on the Vertical Jump Height. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2835-2839. doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181e271ccBal, M. I., Sattoe, J. N. T., Roelofs, P. D. D. M., Bal, R., van Staa, A., & Miedema, H. S. (2016). Exploring effectiveness and effective components of self-management interventions for young people with chronic physical conditions: A systematic review. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(8), 1293-1309. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2016.02.012Bishop, M. D., Mintken, P., Bialosky, J. E., & Cleland, J. A. (2013). Patient Expectations of Benefit From Interventions for Neck Pain and Resulting Influence on Outcomes. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 43(7), 457-465. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4492Cagnie, B., Dewitte, V., Barbe, T., Timmermans, F., Delrue, N., & Meeus, M. (2013). Physiologic Effects of Dry Needling. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 17(8). doi:10.1007/s11916-013-0348-5Cagnie, B., Castelein, B., Pollie, F., Steelant, L., Verhoeyen, H., & Cools, A. (2015). Evidence for the Use of Ischemic Compression and Dry Needling in the Management of Trigger Points of the Upper Trapezius in Patients with Neck Pain. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 94(7), 573-583. doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000000266Celik, D., & Mutlu, E. K. (2013). Clinical Implication of Latent Myofascial Trigger Point. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 17(8). doi:10.1007/s11916-013-0353-8Chan, Y.-C., Wang, T.-J., Chang, C.-C., Chen, L.-C., Chu, H.-Y., Lin, S.-P., & Chang, S.-T. (2015). Short-term effects of self-massage combined with home exercise on pain, daily activity, and autonomic function in patients with myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 27(1), 217-221. doi:10.1589/jpts.27.217Chesterton, L. S., Barlas, P., Foster, N. E., Baxter, D. G., & Wright, C. C. (2003). Gender differences in pressure pain threshold in healthy humans. Pain, 101(3), 259-266. doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00330-5Cummings, M., & Baldry, P. (2007). Regional myofascial pain: diagnosis and management. 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M., & Irnich, D. (2010). Discrepancy between prevalence and perceived effectiveness of treatment methods in myofascial pain syndrome: Results of a cross-sectional, nationwide survey. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 11(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2474-11-32Franklin, N. C., Ali, M. M., Robinson, A. T., Norkeviciute, E., & Phillips, S. A. (2014). Massage Therapy Restores Peripheral Vascular Function After Exertion. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 95(6), 1127-1134. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2014.02.007Frey Law, L. A., Evans, S., Knudtson, J., Nus, S., Scholl, K., & Sluka, K. A. (2008). Massage Reduces Pain Perception and Hyperalgesia in Experimental Muscle Pain: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. The Journal of Pain, 9(8), 714-721. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2008.03.009Gam, A. N., Warming, S., Larsen, L. H., Jensen, B., Høydalsmo, O., Allon, I., … Mathiesen, B. (1998). Treatment of myofascial trigger-points with ultrasound combined with massage and exercise – a randomised controlled trial. 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Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 49(4), 212-215. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.0605Itoh, K., Okada, K., & Kawakita, K. (2004). A Proposed Experimental Model of Myofascial Trigger Points in Human Muscle after Slow Eccentric Exercise. Acupuncture in Medicine, 22(1), 2-13. doi:10.1136/aim.22.1.2Jahr, S., Schoppe, B., & Reisshauer, A. (2008). Effect of treatment with low-intensity and extremely low-frequency electrostatic fields (Deep Oscillation®) on breast tissue and pain in patients with secondary breast lymphoedema. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 40(8), 645-650. doi:10.2340/16501977-0225Järvinen, T. A. H., Järvinen, T. L. N., Kääriäinen, M., Äärimaa, V., Vaittinen, S., Kalimo, H., & Järvinen, M. (2007). Muscle injuries: optimising recovery. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, 21(2), 317-331. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2006.12.004Jonkman, N. H., Schuurmans, M. J., Jaarsma, T., Shortridge-Baggett, L. M., Hoes, A. W., & Trappenburg, J. C. A. (2016). Self-management interventions: Proposal and validation of a new operational definition. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 80, 34-42. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.08.001Kim, D.-H., Yoon, D. M., & Yoon, K. B. (2015). The Effects of Myofascial Trigger Point Injections on Nocturnal Calf Cramps. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 28(1), 21-27. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2015.01.140151Kraft, K., Kanter, S., & Janik, H. (2013). Safety and Effectiveness of Vibration Massage by Deep Oscillations: A Prospective Observational Study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1-10. doi:10.1155/2013/679248Lauche, R., Cramer, H., Hohmann, C., Choi, K.-E., Rampp, T., Saha, F. J., … Dobos, G. (2012). The Effect of Traditional Cupping on Pain and Mechanical Thresholds in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: A Randomised Controlled Pilot Study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 1-10. doi:10.1155/2012/429718Lluch, E., Arguisuelas, M. D., Coloma, P. S., Palma, F., Rey, A., & Falla, D. (2013). Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Training on Pressure Pain Thresholds Over Myofascial Trigger Points in Patients With Chronic Neck Pain. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 36(9), 604-611. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2013.08.004Lobbezoo, F., Visscher, C. M., & Naeije, M. (2004). Impaired health status, sleep disorders, and pain in the craniomandibular and cervical spinal regions. European Journal of Pain, 8(1), 23-30. doi:10.1016/s1090-3801(03)00061-2Lu, X., Wang, Y., Lu, J., You, Y., Zhang, L., Zhu, D., & Yao, F. (2018). Does vibration benefit delayed-onset muscle soreness?: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Journal of International Medical Research, 47(1), 3-18. doi:10.1177/0300060518814999Lucas, K. R., Polus, B. I., & Rich, P. A. (2004). Latent myofascial trigger points: their effects on muscle activation and movement efficiency. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 8(3), 160-166. doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2003.12.002Lundeberg, T., Nordemar, R., & Ottoson, D. (1984). Pain alleviation by vibratory stimulation. Pain, 20(1), 25-44. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(84)90808-xMacDermid, J. C., Walton, D. M., Avery, S., Blanchard, A., Etruw, E., McAlpine, C., & Goldsmith, C. H. (2009). Measurement Properties of the Neck Disability Index: A Systematic Review. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 39(5), 400-C12. doi:10.2519/jospt.2009.2930Mansilla-Ferragut, P., Fernández-de-las Peñas, C., Alburquerque-Sendín, F., Cleland, J. A., & Boscá-Gandía, J. J. (2009). Immediate Effects of Atlanto-Occipital Joint Manipulation on Active Mouth Opening and Pressure Pain Sensitivity in Women With Mechanical Neck Pain. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 32(2), 101-106. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.12.003Melzack, R., & Wall, P. D. (1965). Pain Mechanisms: A New Theory. Science, 150(3699), 971-979. doi:10.1126/science.150.3699.971Mintken, P. E., Rodeghero, J., & Cleland, J. A. (2018). Manual therapists – Have you lost that loving feeling?! Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 26(2), 53-54. doi:10.1080/10669817.2018.1447185Muñoz-Muñoz, S., Muñoz-García, M. T., Alburquerque-Sendín, F., Arroyo-Morales, M., & Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C. (2012). Myofascial Trigger Points, Pain, Disability, and Sleep Quality in Individuals With Mechanical Neck Pain. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 35(8), 608-613. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2012.09.003Pecos-Martín, D., Montañez-Aguilera, F. J., Gallego-Izquierdo, T., Urraca-Gesto, A., Gómez-Conesa, A., Romero-Franco, N., & Plaza-Manzano, G. (2015). Effectiveness of Dry Needling on the Lower Trapezius in Patients With Mechanical Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 96(5), 775-781. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2014.12.016Peer, K. S., Barkley, J. E., & Knapp, D. M. (2009). The Acute Effects of Local Vibration Therapy on Ankle Sprain and Hamstring Strain Injuries. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 37(4), 31-38. doi:10.3810/psm.2009.12.1739Sherman, K. J., Cherkin, D. C., Hawkes, R. J., Miglioretti, D. L., & Deyo, R. A. (2009). Randomized Trial of Therapeutic Massage for Chronic Neck Pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 25(3), 233-238. doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e31818b7912Simons, D. G. (2004). Review of enigmatic MTrPs as a common cause of enigmatic musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 14(1), 95-107. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2003.09.018Thompson, W. R., Scott, A., Loghmani, M. T., Ward, S. R., & Warden, S. J. (2016). Understanding Mechanobiology: Physical Therapists as a Force in Mechanotherapy and Musculoskeletal Regenerative Rehabilitation. Physical Therapy, 96(4), 560-569. doi:10.2522/ptj.20150224Vanderweeën, L., Oostendorp, R. A. B., Vaes, P., & Duquet, W. (1996). Pressure algometry in manual therapy. 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Salinity is reduced below the evaporation front during soil salinization

La salinización de suelos es un problema global. Generalmente, la salinización es causada por el transporte de sales hacia la superficie por capilaridad y, a pesar de su importancia global, los mecanismos que la controlan aún no están bien descritos (Kampf et al., 2005). En este trabajo, se han llevado a cabo experimentos de laboratorio y simulaciones numéricas que muestran que las sales precipitan en el frente de evaporación, el cual se da en una zona estrecha del suelo y que el flujo de vapor de agua se desplaza, no solo en sentido ascendente, sino también descendente, desde dicho frente de evaporación. El flujo de vapor descendente, condensa, causando la dilución de la solución. Esto implica, que contrariamente a lo creído hasta ahora, la salinización (Xu y Shao, 2002) (la precipitación de sales) no se da por debajo del frente de evaporación. Soil salinzation is a global problem. Salinization is generally caused by salts transported to the soil surface by capillary rising water. Despite its global importance, actual salinization mechanisms are poorly understood (Kampf et al., 2005). We use laboratory experiments and numerical models to show that salt precipitates at the evaporation front, which occurs within a very narrow band. Part of the evaporating water diffuses downwards, where it condensates. This implies that, contrary to widely spread belief, salinization (Xu & Shao, 2002) (i.e. salt precipitation) does not occur below the evaporation front. Instead, the upflowing solution becomes diluted.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Estudio comparativo sobre la utilización de periféricos de entrada en la etapa de educación infantil

La incorporación creciente del ordenador en las aulas de Educación Infantil, así como la disponibilidad de un cada vez mayor número de programas destinados a este grupo de edad, nos hace plantear algunas cuestiones sobre los diferentes dispositivos de entrada utilizados por los niños. Para intentar aclarar algunas de estas dudas realizamos un estudio en dos aulas de 3 años de un colegio público, comparando la eficacia mostrada en el uso de tres periféricos de entrada: ratón, pantalla táctil y tableta gráfica con lápiz inalámbrico. Los resultados muestran como, en los grupos estudiados, el ratón sigue siendo posiblemente la opción más adecuada.The growing incorporation of the computer at the Early Childhood Education classrooms, as well as the readiness of an every time bigger number of programs dedicated to this age group, makes us outline some questions on the different input devices used by the children. To try to clarify some of these doubts we carry out a study in two 3 years-old classrooms of a public school, comparing the effectiveness shown in the use of three input peripherals: mouse, touch screen and PC tablet with cordless pen. The results show that, in the studied groups, the mouse continues being possibly the most appropriate option

Guia docent per al Professorat de Pràctiques del Grau de Mestre d’Educació Primària. Curs 2018-2019

Recopilat i elaborat per la Comissió de Pràctiques del Grau de Mestre d’Educació Primària de la Facultat d’Educació de la Universitat de Barcelona formada per: Miquel Colomer (Coordinador), Alba Ambròs, Ferran Candela, Sandra Gallardo i Gemma Sala. Facultat d’Educació - Universitat de Barcelona.Novembre 2018. Versió 3.2El Pràcticum al títol de Grau de Mestre d’Educació Primària de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) és una matèria que té assignats 45 crèdits ECTS, del total de 240 crèdits globals d’aquests estudis. Està estructurada en tres assignatures: Pràctiques 1 (P1), Pràctiques 2 (P2) i Pràctiques 3 (P3). El Pràcticum té un pes força significatiu des del vessant quantitatiu, però des del vessant qualitatiu podem considerar que és la columna vertebral de la dimensió professionalitzadora del pla d’estudis. El període de pràctiques és un període formatiu que permet: ● Relacionar l’enfocament acadèmic i la pràctica professional a partir de la immersió en els centres educatius i el coneixement de la realitat escolar ● La integració dels coneixements teòrico-pràctics en els contextos reals i l’assoliment de criteris propis com a futurs docents. El caràcter professionalitzador de la formació de mestres aconsella que sigui tota la comunitat educativa qui participi, directament o indirecta, en la formació inicial dels futurs mestres. En aquest sentit cal destacar la participació dels centres formadors i subratllar la importància que aquests participin en la formació inicial del professorat com una decisió de projecte de centre. La participació dels centres formadors aporta sostenibilitat i coherència global als aprenentatges del nou professorat..

The stable isotope ecology of terrestrial plant succession

We review the relevance and use of stable isotopes for the study of plant community succession. Stable isotope measurements provide information on the origin of resources acquired by plants, the processes governing resource uptake and transformation, and the physiological and environmental conditions of plant growth. When combined with measurements of the stable isotope ratio values of soil microbial biomass, soil organic matter and plant litter, isotope measurements of plants can indicate effects of successional changes on ecosystem processes. However, their application to questions of plant succession and ecosystem change is limited by the degree to which the underlying assumptions are met in each study, and complementary measures may be required, depending upon the question of interest. First, we discuss the changes that occur in the stable isotope composition of plants and ecosystems with ontogeny and species replacements, as well as their potential evolutionary significance. Second, we discuss the imprints of plant competition and facilitation on leaf and wood tissue, as well as how stable isotopes can provide novel insights on the mechanisms underlying plant interactions. Finally, we discuss the capacity for stable isotope measurements to serve as a proxy record for past disturbances such as fire, logging and cyclones

Guía de cribado del cáncer de cuello de útero en España, 2014

Justificación de la Guía de cribado del cáncer de cuello de útero en España, 2014 El cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU) es la tercera neoplasia más frecuente en el mundo en las mujeres. El cribado de mujeres sanas mediante citología cervical ha demostrado claramente su eficacia, puesto que su aplicación de forma adecuada y sistemática en determinados países ha conseguido reducir en un 70-80% la incidencia y mortalidad por CCU. Este beneficio se debe a la detección de lesiones premalignas asintomáticas cuyo diagnóstico y tratamiento evita su progresión a carcinoma invasor..